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英語語法---比較級和最高級的用法,——用法詳解及練習,制作人：王紅霞,,,一、形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級的構成規(guī)則1．一般單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)以-er，-ow結尾的雙音節(jié)詞，比較級在后面加-er，最高級在后面加-est；（1）單音節(jié)詞如：small→smaller→smallestshort→shorter→shortesttall→taller→tallestgreat→greater→greatest（2）雙音節(jié)詞如：clever→cleverer→cleverestnarrow→narrower→narrowest2．以不發(fā)音e結尾的單音節(jié)詞，比較在原級后加-r，最高級在原級后加-st；如：large→larger→largestnice→nicer→nicestable→abler→ablest3．在重讀閉音節(jié)（即：輔音＋元音＋輔音）中，先雙寫末尾的輔音字母，比較級加-er，最高級加-est；如：big→bigger→biggesthot→hotter→hottestfat→fatter→fattest,,,,4．以“輔音字母＋y”結尾的雙音節(jié)詞，把y改為i，比較級加-er，最高級加-est；如：easy→easier→easiestheavy→heavier→heaviestbusy→busier→busiesthappy→happier→happiest5．其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞，比較級在前面加more，最高級在前面加most；如：beautiful→morebeautiful→mostbeautifuldifferent→moredifferent→mostdifferenteasily→moreeasily→mosteasily注意：（1）形容詞最高級前通常必須用定冠詞the，副詞最高級前可不用。例句：TheSaharaisthebiggestdesertintheworld.,（2）形容詞most前面沒有the，不表示最高級的含義，只表示"非常"。Itisamostimportantproblem.=Itisaveryimportantproblem.6．有少數(shù)形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級是不規(guī)則的，必須熟記。如：good→better→bestwell→better→bestbad→worse→worstill→worse→worstold→older/elder→oldest/eldestmany/much→more→mostlittle→less→leastfar→further/farther→furthest/farthest二、形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級的用法1．“A+be+形容詞比較級+than+B”意思為“A比B更……”。如：Thistreeistallerthanthatone.這棵樹比那棵樹高。,,,,,注意：①在含有連詞than的比較級中，前后的比較對象必須是同一范疇，即同類事物之間的比較。②在比較級前面使用much，表示程度程度“強得多”。如：Awatermelonismuchbiggerthananapple.③very,quite一般只能修飾原級，不能修飾比較級。2．“比較級+and+比較級”或“moreandmore+原級”表示“越來越……”如：Itbecomeswarmerandwarmerwhenspringcomes.春天來了，天氣變得越來越暖和了。Itisgettingcoolerandcooler.天氣越來越?jīng)鏊?,,,Thewindbecamemoreandmoreheavily.風變得越來越大。Ourschoolisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.我們的學校變得越來越美麗。3．在含有or的選擇疑問句中，如果有兩者供選擇，前面的形容詞要用比較級形式。如：Whoistaller,TimorTom?誰更高，Tim還是Tom?4.“the+比較級……,the+比較級”，表示“越……越……”。Themoremoneyyoumake,themoreyouspend.錢你賺得越多，花得越多。Thesooner，thebetter.越快越好,,,,,5.表示倍數(shù)的比較級用法：①.Ais…timesthesize/height/length/widthofB.如：Thenewbuildingisthreetimestheheightoftheoldone.這座新樓比那座舊樓高三倍。(新樓是舊樓的四倍高)②.Ais…timesasbig/high/long/wide/largeasB.如：AsiaisfourtimesaslargeasEurope.亞洲是歐洲的四倍大。(亞洲比歐洲大三倍)③.Ais…timeslarger/higher/longer/widerthanB.如：Ourschoolistwicebiggerthanyours.我們學校比你們學校大兩倍。6.形容詞、副詞的最高級形式主要用來表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比較，表示“最……”的意思。句子中有表示范圍的詞或短語。如：ofthethree,inourclass等。如：Heisthetallestinourclass.他在我們班里是最高的。,,,,7."否定詞語+比較級"，"否定詞語+so…as"結構表示最高級含義。Nothingissoeasyasthis.=Nothingiseasierthanthis=Thisistheeasiestthing.8.比較級與最高級的轉換：Mikeisthemostintelligentinhisclass.Mikeismoreintelligentthananyotherstudentinhisclass.9.修飾比較級和最高級的詞1）可修飾比較級的詞①.abit,alittle,rather,much,far,byfar,many,alot,lots,agreatdeal,any,still,even等。②.還可以用表示倍數(shù)的詞或度量名詞作修飾語。③.以上詞(除byfar)外，必須置于比較級形容詞或副詞的前面。,,,,注意：使用最高級要注意將主語包括在比較范圍內(nèi)。(錯)Tomisthetallestofhisthreebrothers.(對)Tomisthetallestofthethreebrothers.2)下列詞可修飾最高級：byfar,far,much,mostly,almost。Thishatisnearly/almostthebiggest.注意：a:very可修飾最高級，但位置與much不同。Thisistheverybest.Thisismuchthebest.b:序數(shù)詞通常只修飾最高級。Africaisthesecondlargestcontinent.8.要避免重復使用比較級。(錯)Heismoreclevererthanhisbrother.(對)Heismorecleverthanhisbrother.(對)Heisclevererthanhisbrother.9.要避免將主語含在比較對象中。(錯)ChinaislargerthananycountryinAsia.(對)ChinaislargerthananyothercountryinAsia.,,,,10.要注意對應句型，遵循前后一致的原則。ThepopulationofShanghaiislargerthanthatofBeijing.Itiseasiertomakeaplanthantocarryitout.11.要注意冠詞的使用，后有名詞的時候，前面才有可能有名詞。比較：Whichislarger,CanadaorAustralia?Whichisthelargercountry,CanadaorAustralia?Sheistallerthanhertwosisters.Sheisthetallerofthetwosisters.三.典型例題1）----Areyoufeeling____?----Yes，Imfinenow.A.anywellB.anybetterC.quitegoodD.quitebetter答案：B.any可修飾比較級，quite修飾原級，well的比較級為better.2）Theexperimentwas____easierthanwehadexpected.A.moreB.muchmoreC.muchD.moremuch答案：C.much可修飾比較級，因此B，C都說得通，但easier本身已是比較級，不需more，因此C為正確答案。,,,,,3）Iftherewerenoexaminations,weshouldhave___atschool.A.thehappiesttimeB.amorehappiertimeC.muchhappiesttimeD.amuchhappiertime答案：D。比較級和最高級的用法1.兩者相比（甲=乙），用“as+原級+as”表示TomisastallasMike.2.兩者相比（甲〈乙），用“notas(so)+原級+as”或“l(fā)essthan”表示Ididn’tdomyhomeworkso(as)carefullyasyou.Thepictureislessattractivethanthatone.3.兩者相比（甲〉乙），用“比較級+than”表示Ourcityismorebeautifulthananyothercityinourcountry.,,,,,注意：1)為了避免重復，在從句中常用one,that,those等詞來代替前面提過的名詞。TheweatherhereiswarmerthanthatofShanghai.Theradiosmadeinourfactoryarebetterthanthoseinyourfactory.2)比較等級應注意避免和包括自己的對象比。比較級+than+anyother+單數(shù)名詞alltheother+復數(shù)名詞anyoneelseanyoftheother+復數(shù)名詞,,,,3）如果形容詞作定語修飾一個單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，一般將不定冠詞a/an放在形容詞之后。Ourneighbourhas_____ours.A.asabighouseasB.asbigahouseasC.thesamebighouseasD.housethesamebigas4）比較級前一般不用冠詞，但若表示“兩者中較……時”。比較級前要加定冠詞。若比較級后有名詞，常在比較級前加不定冠詞，表示泛指。E.g.他是兩者中較高的一個Heisthetallerofthetwo.她唱得真動聽！我可從未聽過比這更好的嗓音了。Howbeautifullyshesings!Ihaveneverheardabettervoice.,,,,4.三者或三者以上相比，表示最高級時，用“the+最高級”的結構表示，這種句式一般常有表示比較范圍的介詞短語。ZhangHuaisthetallestofthethree.Heworks(the)hardestinhisclass.ThatwastheleastexcitingfootballgameI’veeverwatched.ThishotelisthemostcomfortableI’veeverstayed.注意：當最高級的前面無限定詞the或有不定冠詞a/an時，僅表示“很……，非?！盡ondayismybusiestday.星期一是我很忙的一天。Qingdaoisamost(very)beautifulcoastalcity.青島是一個非常美麗的海濱城市。,,,,比較級的一些其他用法1倍數(shù)表示方法a)倍數(shù)+as+形容詞/副詞原級+asb)倍數(shù)+形容詞/副詞比較級+thanc)倍數(shù)+the+n.+ofThisropeisthreetimeslongerthanthatone.Thisropeisthreetimesaslongasthatone.Thisropeisthreetimesthelengthofthatone.2用形容詞比較級的否定形式，從反面來表示最高級，通常譯為“沒有比……更……”Nootherbookhasagreatereffectonmylife.沒有哪一本書比這本書對我的影響更大的了。=Thisbookhasthegreatesteffectonmylife.考例：—Goforapicnicthisweekend,OK?--_____.Ilovegettingclosetonature.A.Icouldn’tagreemoreB.I’mafraidnot.C.IbelievenotD.Idon’tthinkso.,,,,3moreandmore越來越……Ourcityisgettingbiggerandbigger.Ourcityisgettingmoreandmorebeautiful.4themore…themore…越……就越……Themoreyoustudy,themoreyouknow.Thebusiertheoldmanis,thehappierhefeels.Themoreintelligentstudentsare,themorequicklytheyunderstandideas.5可用下列詞來修飾形容詞的比較級much\alot\slightly\alittle\almost\far\abit\still英語比較級和最高級練習題1．Bobis____(young)thanFredbut____(tall)thanFred．2．Yingtianisnotas_____（tall）asYongxian．3．AlmostallthestudentsfacesarethesamebutLiDeminglooks_____(fat)thanbeforeafterthesummerholidays．4．Whichis_______(heavy),ahenorachicken?,,,,,,5．－－How______（tall）isSally?－－Shes1．55metres____(tall).WhataboutXiaoling?－－Shesonly1．40metres____(tall).Sheismuch____(short)thanSally．Sheisalsothe____(short)girlintheclass．6．Heis___(bad)atlearningmaths．Heismuch___(bad)atChineseandheisthe_____(bad)atEnglish．7．AnniesaysSallyisthe________(kind)personintheworld．8．Heisoneofthe_____(friendly)peopleintheclass，Ithink．9．Adictionaryismuch_____(expensive)thanastory－book．10．Anorangeisalittle____(big)thananapple，butmuch____(small）thanawatermelon．,,,,,11．TheChangjiangRiveristhe___(long)riverinChina．12．Sueisalittle____(beautiful)thanhersister．13．Myroomisnotas_____(big)asmybrothers．14．－－Howdifficultisphysics?－－Imnotsure．－－Isit__(difficult)thanmaths?－Idontthinkso.15．－－Annieplaysthepianovery________(well)．－－Sueplaysit___(well)thanAnnie．AndSallyplaysitthe_____（well）．16．Saturdayismy____(busy)dayinaweek．17．Hermotherisgetting____(fat)and____(fat)．18．Ithinkitstooexpensive.Idlikea___(cheap)one．19．Hecomestoschoolmuch____(early)thanI．20．Thisbookisnotas_____(interesting)asthatone．21．Yourclassroomis____(wide)and___(bright)thanours.22．Practiceas_____(much)asyoucan．23．The____(much)，the______(good)．,,,,,,,24.Nowadays(現(xiàn)在)Englishis__(important)thananyothersubject,Ithink．25.Mostofthestudentsthinkalionismuch___(dangerous)thanabearanditisthe__(dangerous)animalintheworld．26.MrSmiththoughtthelenturyParkwasthesecond__(large)inShanghai.27.Whichis____(easy)tolearn,fishingorswimming?28.Itmakes__(little)timetogotoBeijingbyplanethanbytrain29.Mum,thisT-shirtismuchtoosmallforme.Wouldyoubuymea____(large)one?30.Xianisoneof____(old)capitalinChina.31.____(few)childrenthereareinafamily,____(good)theirlifewillbe.32.Itwillbebadforyourhealthtoeat____(much)foodandtake____(little)exercise.33.NowChinahasjoinedWTO,soIthinkEnglishis__(useful)thanbefore.,,,,34.Ofallhissubjects,Tomis____(good)atEnglish.35.-Whois____(interested)inChineseinyourclassatthemoment?36.BookIIis____(different)thanBookIV.37.TheGreatWallofChinaisoneof____(great)wondersintheworld38.Sheisbecoming____(beautiful)thanbefore.39.TheweatherinFujianisbetterthan____inWuhan.40.ThetextsinBookIIaremucheasierthan____inBookIV.41.Theweatherisgetting____and____(cold).42.The____(much),the____(good).43.The____(much)youpractice,the____(easy)itbecomes,,,,,,,,,,,