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外文翻譯 學(xué)校：西北工業(yè)大學(xué)明德學(xué)院 姓名： 陳曉輝 1 指導(dǎo)老師： 賀榮 1 [1]This study aims at developing a machine center consisting of high-speed micro-milling machine, micro-EDM and coordinate measuring machine. The machine center uses a commercially available PC-Based CNC controller and micro-EDM power supply. The structure design is based on an open L-shaped granite base, where a Z-axis platform is mounted on the top of an L-type base, while X and Y-axis platforms are assembled by stacking. Additionally, a fuel tank, WEDG winding mechanism and a work piece holder were fixed to the X-axis work platform. Three-axis positioning stages use servomotors to drive lead screws for motion control. Equipped with a commercially available PC-Based CNC controller, any processing path and precision motion control can be achieved. In addition, the Z-axis platform includes a commercially available rapid adapter for the rapid assembly of C-axis rotation, high-speed micro-milling spindle and three-dimensional measuring probe. This means that the machine can quickly switch between micro-EDM, high-speed micro-milling and three-dimensional measurement. The machine center successfully produced micro probes with a front-end sphere with a diameter of less than 100 μm. Combined with a self-developed trigger circuit, it also completed a three-dimensional touch trigger probe. The measurement software was developed with Borland C++ Builder. Integrating the three-dimensional touch trigger probe with the three-axis linear scale, the three-dimensional coordinates of the measured values were calculated and processed. It has been successfully applied to the measurement of point, line, circle and angle. 本研究旨在開發(fā)一個加工中心組成的高速微型銑床，微細(xì)電火花加工、三坐標(biāo)測量機(jī)。加工中心采用CNC控制器和微細(xì)電火花加工電源的商用PC。結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)是基于一個開放的L形的花崗巖基座，在Z軸平臺安裝在L型底座的頂部，而X和Y軸平臺是由堆疊。此外，一個燃料箱，電極卷繞機(jī)構(gòu)、工件夾持固定到軸工作平臺。三軸定位階段采用伺服電機(jī)驅(qū)動的絲杠運(yùn)動控制。配備了一個數(shù)控控制器商用PC，任何加工路徑和精密運(yùn)動控制可以實(shí)現(xiàn)。此外，Z軸平臺包括c軸旋轉(zhuǎn)快速組裝使用市售的快速接頭，高速微銑削主軸和三維測量探頭。這意味著，機(jī)器可以快速在微細(xì)電火花開關(guān)，高速微銑削和三維測量。加工中心的成功產(chǎn)生微探針與一個直徑小于100μM.結(jié)合自行研制的觸發(fā)電路前端的球體，它還完成了三維觸發(fā)式探頭。用Borland C++ Builder開發(fā)了測量軟件。三維觸發(fā)式測頭的三軸線性尺度積分，計(jì)算和處理的三維坐標(biāo)的測量值。它已成功地應(yīng)用于測量的點(diǎn)，線，圓，角 [2] Different types of geometric models of face-gear with circle line of teeth have been shown in the paper. Generation of a new geometrical of a face-gear is performed on CNC milling machine. The basic direction of the development geometrical of a face-gear and technology is in the search of new trends and methods focused on improving the quality of products, shortening the production cycles, their mechanizations, automation and implementation of a high-precision technology. 與齒圈的面齒輪幾何模型的不同類型的已被證明的文件。一種新的面齒輪幾何的產(chǎn)生是在數(shù)控銑床上進(jìn)行。的發(fā)展，幾何面齒輪技術(shù)的基本方向是新的趨勢和方法集中在提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的搜索，縮短生產(chǎn)周期，其機(jī)械化，是一種高精度自動化技術(shù)與實(shí)現(xiàn)。 [3] This paper discuss of the literature review of Optimization of tool life in milling using Design of experiment implemented to model the end milling process that are using solid carbide flat end mill as the cutting tool and stainless steels s.s-304 as material due to predict the resulting of Tool life. Data is collected from CNC milling machines were run by 8 samples of experiments using DOE approach that generate table design in MINITAB packages. The inputs of the model consist of feed, cutting speed and depth of cut while the output from the model is Tool life calculated by taylor’s life equation. The model is validated through a comparison of the experimental values with their predicted counterparts. The optimization of the tool life is studied to compare the relationship of the parameters involve. 本文討論的刀具壽命優(yōu)化的文獻(xiàn)回顧，采用實(shí)驗(yàn)的實(shí)施模型的端銑加工過程中所使用的硬質(zhì)合金端銑刀的切削工具鋼和不銹鋼s.s-304由于預(yù)測得到的刀具材料的設(shè)計(jì)加工。數(shù)據(jù)收集從數(shù)控銑床是由8的使用DOE方法生成表的設(shè)計(jì)在Minitab包實(shí)驗(yàn)。該模型的輸入包括進(jìn)料，切割速度和切割深度，從模型的輸出是刀具壽命方程計(jì)算泰勒的生活。通過與實(shí)驗(yàn)值的預(yù)測進(jìn)行比較，驗(yàn)證了模型的正確性。刀具壽命的優(yōu)化進(jìn)行了研究比較的參數(shù)的關(guān)系涉及。 [4] In this work an effective simulator for a CNC milling machine is presented. It has been developed in EMC2, a free Opens Source NC software running in Linux environment, developed by an international community. It can be installed on a common PC and is able to: control a CNC machine; read part programs; display the tool path; send instructions to the CNC machine for the cutting process. In this work a new feature has been implemented, which can both display a 3D model of the machine and simulate all the motions of the movable parts of a real 3 axis end milling machine. This simulator lets the users not only verify the toolpath but also detect any possible collision by using the very computer which controls the milling machine. This system is very efficient and easy to use as powerful tool in Engineering education. 在這項(xiàng)工作中，對數(shù)控銑床的一種有效的模擬器。它已經(jīng)開發(fā)在EMC2，免費(fèi)開放源在Linux環(huán)境下運(yùn)行的數(shù)控軟件，由一個國際社區(qū)發(fā)展。它可以安裝在普通的PC機(jī)，能夠控制數(shù)控機(jī)床；閱讀部分顯示程序；刀具路徑；發(fā)送指令到數(shù)控機(jī)床的切削過程。在這項(xiàng)工作中一個新的功能已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)，既可以顯示本機(jī)的三維模型和模擬的可動部件的一個真正的3軸端銑機(jī)所有的運(yùn)動。該模擬器可以讓用戶不僅驗(yàn)證刀具軌跡也檢測任何可能的碰撞通過控制銑床的計(jì)算機(jī)。該系統(tǒng)是非常有效的和易于使用的工程教育的有力工具。 [5] In this study, we have a research of the methods of the special post processing program developing of Five-axis CNC machine DMC 70ev. On the basis of analysis about the characteristics of MILLPLUS IT V530 CNumerical control system, special post processor applied to five-axis CNC machining mode based on IMSPost was developed. Special post processing program developed was proved its accuracy and reliability by put it into practice. The research results has important significance for post processing developing of other types of five-axis CNC machines and provides a guideline for the post processing program of other CAD/CAM software. 在這項(xiàng)研究中，我們的專用后置處理程序的五軸數(shù)控機(jī)床DMC 70eV開發(fā)方法的研究。在分析的基礎(chǔ)上對它v530 cnumerical妙力控制系統(tǒng)的特點(diǎn)，開發(fā)了應(yīng)用于五軸數(shù)控加工方式的基礎(chǔ)上imspost專用后置處理器。專用后置處理程序的開發(fā)被證明其準(zhǔn)確性和可靠性的付諸實(shí)踐。研究結(jié)果進(jìn)行后處理，其他類型的五軸數(shù)控機(jī)床發(fā)展的重要意義和提供了一個指南，其他CAD / CAM軟件的后置處理程序。 [6] this paper evaluates the development of a cnc micro-lathe concept, continuing with the research in the development of machine tool prototypes by latemm. a micromachining center developed in 2004-2005 at universidad de los andes was studied, and based on the results obtained, a new prototype was proposed. the motivation behind the design and construction of this machine tool was to achieve higher precision in the machining process compared with conventional turning produced in macro machine tools. a machine, with spindle rotation speed up to 300 000 rpm was achieved, the cutting tool moves in two axes through step motors connected to worm gear reductions, thus resolution of 1μm is achieved. the interpolator was programmed based on dda integration. the machine was set under a stereoscope to visualize the machining operations with zoom up to 30x. micromachining was reached adopting nc control and it was possible to characterize micro-turned cortical bone samples. 本文對數(shù)控車床的微觀概念的發(fā)展，繼續(xù)通過latemm在機(jī)床樣機(jī)的開發(fā)研究。一個加工中心開發(fā)的2004-2005年在洛斯安第斯大學(xué)進(jìn)行了研究，和所獲得的結(jié)果的基礎(chǔ)上，提出了一種新的原型。在該機(jī)床的設(shè)計(jì)和建設(shè)的動機(jī)是為了達(dá)到更高的精度，在加工過程中，與傳統(tǒng)的車削機(jī)床生產(chǎn)的宏觀比較。一種機(jī)器，與主軸轉(zhuǎn)速高達(dá)300轉(zhuǎn)了000，刀具移動二個軸通過步進(jìn)電機(jī)連接，蝸輪蝸桿的減少，從而達(dá)到1μ米分辨率?；贒DA插補(bǔ)是整合程序。本機(jī)設(shè)置一個立體鏡和放大到30倍的可視化的加工操作。加工達(dá)到采用NC控制，它是可能的表征微變的皮質(zhì)骨樣品 [7] In this study, we propose the acceleration/deceleration control algorithm based on trapezoid-curve jerk in CNC machining. In aviation and mould and die industry, it is much significant to achieve high accuracy CNC machining on complex profile parts. The unsmooth Acceleration/Deceleration (ab. Acc/Dec) control in feed movement is one of the main reasons to bring about machine tools impact and vibration in practical machining. After analyzing the CNC machine tools dynamic model, an Acc/Dec control algorithm based on trapezoid-curve jerk is put forward in order to avoid step change in jerk curve in the study; Moreover, the motion profile smooth control approach based on continuous jerk is developed in details to decrease machine tools impact according to various kinematics constraint conditions, such as the maximum acceleration, the maximum jerk, the machining program segment displacement, the instruction feedrate and so on; Finally, the developed Acc/Dec approach and the traditional linear Acc/Dec approach are compared in the CNC experimental table. The results reveal that the developed approach can achieve more smooth and flexible motion profile, which is helpful to minish machine tools impact and enhance parts machining surface quality. 在這項(xiàng)研究中，我們提出了加速/減速基于數(shù)控加工梯形曲線沖擊控制算法。在航空和模具行業(yè)，是實(shí)現(xiàn)高精度數(shù)控系統(tǒng)在復(fù)雜型面零件的加工更重要。不平順的加速/減速（簡稱ACC / DEC）在進(jìn)給運(yùn)動控制是一個帶來實(shí)際加工機(jī)床的沖擊和振動的主要原因。在分析了數(shù)控機(jī)床的加減速動態(tài)模型，提出了以避免在研究反射曲線的階躍變化基于梯形曲線沖擊控制算法；此外，運(yùn)動軌跡的平滑控制方法的基礎(chǔ)上連續(xù)反射是在細(xì)節(jié)降低機(jī)床的影響根據(jù)不同的運(yùn)動學(xué)約束條件，如最大加速度，最大的混蛋，加工程序段位移，指令進(jìn)給速度等；最后，開發(fā)的加速/減速的方法和傳統(tǒng)的線性加/減速的方法是在數(shù)控實(shí)驗(yàn)臺的比較。結(jié)果表明，所提出的方法可以實(shí)現(xiàn)更光滑柔軟的運(yùn)動軌跡，有助于減小機(jī)床的影響，提高零件的加工表面質(zhì)量。 [8] A compound process that integrates end electrical discharge (ED) milling and mechanical grinding to machine silicon carbide (SiC) ceramics is developed in this paper. The process employs a turntable with several uniformly-distributed cylindrical copper electrodes and abrasive sticks as the tool, and uses a water-based emulsion as the machining fluid. End electrical discharge milling and mechanical grinding happen alternately and are mutually beneficial, so the process is able to effectively machine a large surface area on SiC ceramic with a good surface quality. The machining principle and characteristics of the technique are introduced. The effects of polarity, pulse duration, pulse interval, open-circuit voltage, discharge current, diamond grit size, emulsion concentration, emulsion flux, milling depth and tool stick number on performance parameters such as the material removal rate, tool wear ratio, and surface roughness have been investigated. In addition, the microstructure of the machined surface under different machining conditions is examined with a scanning electron microscope and an energy dispersive spectrometer. The SiC ceramic was mainly removed by end ED milling during the initial rough machining mode, whereas it is mainly removed by mechanical grinding during the later finer machining mode; moreover, the tool material can transfer to the workpiece surface during the compound process. 將端電火花復(fù)合工藝（ED）銑削與機(jī)械磨削加工碳化硅（SiC）陶瓷進(jìn)行。該方法使用一個轉(zhuǎn)盤與幾個均勻分布的圓柱形銅電極和研磨棒為工具，采用水基乳液作為加工液。端電火花銑削與機(jī)械磨削交替出現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)象，是互惠互利的，所以這個過程是能夠有效地機(jī)大面積的SiC陶瓷具有良好的表面質(zhì)量。介紹了加工技術(shù)的原理和特點(diǎn)。極性，脈沖持續(xù)時間，脈沖間隔的影響，開路電壓，放電電流，金剛石磨粒的大小，乳化液的濃度，乳化液流量，銑削深度和工具桿數(shù)對性能參數(shù)如材料去除率，刀具的磨損率，和表面粗糙度進(jìn)行了研究。此外，不同的加工條件下加工表面微觀結(jié)構(gòu)用掃描電子顯微鏡和能量色散譜儀研究。SiC陶瓷的電火花銑削初始粗加工模式中的主要去除，而這主要是去除機(jī)械研磨后精細(xì)加工模式期間；此外，刀具材料可以轉(zhuǎn)移到工件表面的復(fù)合過程。 [9] Purpose: The work presented in this paper might be used for basic data in the design of a lot extruded aluminum products using the variable section extrusion process.Design/methodology/approach: The capacity of a CNC extruder was calculated and decided as analyzing the FEM results performed by commercial software DEFORM-2D. CNC extruder and die set for variable section extrusion was invented by field extrusion experts.Findings: CNC extruder had a key role in variable extrusion process. Furthermore there was few die sets with mold feeding parts for aluminum extrusion. To be capable of extruding aluminum products with variable cross section are CNC extruder and the die set.Research limitations/implications: For future research of developed CNC extruder, frame structures of the extruder would be analyzed and designed using FE analysis. In addition CNC extruder would be operated by the control program for variable section as a PC version.Practical implications: Aluminum parts with variable section would increase as utilizing the CNC extruder and cost price of the parts be down. Many industrial products using the variable section extrusion process would be used in diverse fields.Originality/value: Extruded aluminum part with variable section is rarely used since extruders don’t be designed and developed for variable section extrusion. It is important that an extruder with CNC control, which could be easily handled and have accessible software to be operated by field user, are invented. As stated above, CNC extruder is needed for production of industrial products with variable section for today. Therefore design and development of CNC extruder having the die set for mold feeding parts was tackled in this paper as efficient approach using commercial FEM code. 目的：在本文中提出的工作可能被用于在大量的設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)的鋁擠壓產(chǎn)品采用變截面擠壓process.design/methodology/approach：計(jì)算并確定為分析商業(yè)軟件DEFORM-2D有限元結(jié)果進(jìn)行了數(shù)控機(jī)的能力。數(shù)控?cái)D出機(jī)和模具的擠壓型材擠壓場變量專家發(fā)明的。結(jié)果：數(shù)控機(jī)在擠壓過程中的關(guān)鍵變量。此外還有鋁擠壓模具零件數(shù)模料?？蓴D壓鋁制品變截面是數(shù)控?cái)D出機(jī)和模具。研究限制/影響：對未來的研究開發(fā)的數(shù)控?cái)D出機(jī)，擠出機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行分析，利用有限元分析設(shè)計(jì)。此外，數(shù)控機(jī)將由變截面控制程序操作的PC版本。實(shí)踐意義：變截面鋁件將利用零件的數(shù)控機(jī)和成本價格的下降增加。許多工業(yè)產(chǎn)品采用變截面擠壓過程會被用在不同的fields.originality/value：擠壓鋁部分變截面不從擠出機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)和開發(fā)用于變截面擠壓很少使用。隨著數(shù)控控制擠出機(jī)是很重要的，它可以很容易地處理和訪問軟件是由用戶操作領(lǐng)域，發(fā)明。如上所述，數(shù)控機(jī)所需的工業(yè)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)今天變截面。因此，數(shù)控機(jī)具有模具模零件的設(shè)計(jì)和發(fā)展是解決本文采用商業(yè)有限元代碼的有效方法。 [10] Micro-milling experiments of HPb63-3 lead brass were conducted on micro-machine by using TiAlN coated tungsten carbide microdiameter cutter.Wear and breakage morphologies of micro-tool were analyzed.Wear and breakage of micro-diameter cutter mainly occurred in tool nose and the wear and breakage morphologies shown distinct size effect.The main failure modes of micro-tool were coating peeling and tool nose breakage.Adhesive and abrasive wear were typical damage mechanisms of micro-tool.Diffusing effect occur... hpb63-3鉛黃銅微銑削實(shí)驗(yàn)使用TiAlN涂層硬質(zhì)合金刀具microdiameter微機(jī)進(jìn)行。磨損和微刀具破損形貌進(jìn)行了分析。微徑銑刀磨損和破損主要發(fā)生在刀尖和磨損、破損形態(tài)表現(xiàn)出明顯的尺寸效應(yīng)。微型刀具的主要失效模式進(jìn)行涂層剝落和刀尖破損。粘合劑和磨料磨損是micro-tool.diffusing效應(yīng)發(fā)生典型的損傷機(jī)制… [11] To improve the reliability of machine tools, this paper analyzed failure data of assembly of machine tools deeply. It researched the method of established the model of assembly reliability by piecewise twofold Weibull model and the process of the parameter fitted by maximum likelihood, and proposed the development of maintenance alarm system on machine tools based on reliability analysis. It illuminated the process of theory design and the method of function block design on alarm system. The application of example about the alarm system demonstrates that it is very useful and available for maintenance of machine tools with this method. 為了提高機(jī)床的可靠性，本文分析了失效數(shù)據(jù)機(jī)床裝配深。研究方法建立裝配的可靠性模型的分段雙重威布爾模型和參數(shù)的最大似然擬合的方法，提出了基于可靠性分析機(jī)床維修報警系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)。說明理論設(shè)計(jì)研究的過程和報警系統(tǒng)的功能塊的設(shè)計(jì)方法。應(yīng)用實(shí)例表明，報警系統(tǒng)是非常有用的方法與此機(jī)床維修。 [12] The 2010 PHM data challenge focuses on the remaining useful life (RUL) estimation for cutters of a high speed CNC milling machine using measurements from dynamometer, accelerometer, and acoustic emission sensors. We present a multiple model approach for wear depth estimation of milling machine cutters using the provided data. The feature selection, initial wear estimation and multiple model fusion components of the proposed algorithm are explained in details and compared with several alternative methods using the training data. The final submission ranked #2 among professional and student participants and the method is applicable to other data driven PHM problems. 2010 PHM數(shù)據(jù)挑戰(zhàn)主要集中在剩余使用壽命（RUL）使用從加速度測量，測功機(jī)，高速數(shù)控銑床刀具的估計(jì)，與聲發(fā)射傳感器。我們提出的銑床刀具的使用提供的數(shù)據(jù)磨損深度估計(jì)的多模型方法。特征選擇，初始磨損估計(jì)算法的多模型融合組件的詳細(xì)說明和使用訓(xùn)練數(shù)據(jù)的幾種可供選擇的方法比較。最后提交的排名# 2專業(yè)和學(xué)生的參與者和方法適用于其他數(shù)據(jù)驅(qū)動的PHM之間的問題。 燕山大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）任務(wù)書 學(xué)院：機(jī)械工程學(xué)院 系級教學(xué)單位：機(jī)械制造工程系 學(xué) 號 60101010155 學(xué)生 姓名 曲紅軍 專 業(yè) 班 級 機(jī)制06-1 題 目 題目名稱 輕型龍門銑床XKQ2010×30設(shè)計(jì) 題目類型 工程設(shè)計(jì) 題目性質(zhì) 真實(shí) 題目來源 自選 主 要 內(nèi) 容 1. 方案設(shè)計(jì)（工藝分析、工作原理、經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)分析）; 2. 龍門架，主軸箱、工作臺部件設(shè)計(jì); 3. 動力及其控制系統(tǒng) 原始參數(shù)與目標(biāo)參數(shù)：最大加工尺寸3000×1200×1200 (毫米); 工作臺最大荷重2噸,主軸箱3個,回轉(zhuǎn)角度垂直±30o 水平+30o -15o。 基 本 要 求 l 機(jī)器總裝配圖、部件裝配圖 不少于A0 3 張 l 典型零件圖 A3 1 張 l 主電控系統(tǒng)圖 A1 1 張 l 設(shè)計(jì)說明書 1 份，設(shè)計(jì)說明書2萬字以上，分析、計(jì)算準(zhǔn)確詳盡，格式符合“畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)撰寫規(guī)范” l 參考文獻(xiàn)（不包括教科書）15篇以上，含一篇外文文獻(xiàn)并譯成中文（5千字） 參 考 資 料 l 原始資料教師提供 l 《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊》、《機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)手冊》、《機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)圖冊》等 l 自查科技論文 周次 1—4周 5—8周 9—12周 13—16周 17周 應(yīng) 完 成 的 內(nèi) 容 調(diào)研、查資料、方案設(shè)計(jì)、完成開題報告 總體設(shè)計(jì)（草圖）、部件設(shè)計(jì)（草圖）、所有分析與計(jì)算 總圖、部件圖繪制。 控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)、典型零件圖繪制、譯文、設(shè)計(jì)說明編制 設(shè)計(jì)評審，答辯準(zhǔn)備 指導(dǎo)教師：李金良 職稱：教授 2010年2月28日 系級教學(xué)單位審批： 年 月 日 3