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,,PeriodTwoWordPower&GrammarandUsage,,高中英語(yǔ)選修10譯林版,Ⅰ.Words：1．________vt.&vi.(使)結(jié)束；下結(jié)論__________n．結(jié)論2．____________vi.&vt.歧視；區(qū)分；辨別3．__________adj.額外的________n．增加，附加____v．加,conclude,conclusion,discriminate,additional,addition,add,Ⅱ.Phrases：1．______________離開(kāi)，遠(yuǎn)離2．______由于，因?yàn)?．_____________在一些情況下4．_________不再5．_______放棄6．____________熬夜，不睡覺(jué)7．___________終結(jié)，結(jié)束,stayawayfrom,inthat,insomecases,nolonger,giveup,stayuplate,toconclude,文章的行文一篇課文應(yīng)當(dāng)以一種讓讀者易于理解其觀點(diǎn)的方式進(jìn)行寫作。為了讓課文的結(jié)構(gòu)具有邏輯性，課文中應(yīng)當(dāng)包括以下幾點(diǎn)：1．標(biāo)題標(biāo)題不應(yīng)太長(zhǎng)，應(yīng)簡(jiǎn)單明了(如Aidstoday)。2．起始段起始段應(yīng)含有主題陳述，一般為第一句。,WhendiscussingtheproblemofAids，weusealotoftechnicalandscientifictermsonthiswebsite.有時(shí)，主題句置于旨在引起讀者注意的一個(gè)引子之后。在某些情形下，起始段根本就不需要一個(gè)主題句。例如，在解釋一系列事物或關(guān)于主要觀點(diǎn)的細(xì)節(jié)都很清楚的起始段中，就可以不需要主題句。Aidstoday中的第一段就屬于后一種情況，該段陳述了Ajani和他妹妹的情況以及艾滋病對(duì)他們家庭的影響。跟其他段落一樣，在起始段中，主題句之后應(yīng)有支撐句。,起始段應(yīng)能捕捉讀者的注意，引起其閱讀整個(gè)篇章的興趣。我們可以通過(guò)列出有趣的事實(shí)、提出問(wèn)題或僅提供一部分細(xì)節(jié)來(lái)吸引讀者的注意。下面這種也是一種引子：InanAfricanvillage，eleven－year－oldAjanihearsafar－offscreamashewasheshislittlesisterinabaththatleakswater.3．主體段落一篇文章的正文部分一般由幾個(gè)段落組成。每一段通常也包括三個(gè)部分：主題句、論據(jù)、結(jié)論。這個(gè)主題句同樣可放在該段的段首或段尾，用來(lái)引出該段的話題或總結(jié)該段。附屬句一定圍繞主題句展開(kāi)。結(jié)尾句通常是對(duì)該段的一個(gè)總結(jié)，但有時(shí)也用來(lái)銜接下文。,4．結(jié)論段結(jié)論段應(yīng)當(dāng)是最終的主題句(或是預(yù)測(cè))，結(jié)論段也可能談及起始段提到的例子。如：AlthoughAidshasleftascaronAjaniandhissister，theyarelucky.Theirgrandfatheristakingcareofthem，andbecausetheirmotherhadaccesstoprescriptionAidsmedicationsduringpregnancy，theydidnotgetHIVfromher.,[即時(shí)跟蹤]Ⅰ.認(rèn)真閱讀下面的短文，為2～5段每一段找出主旨大意；同時(shí)為全文擬一個(gè)合適的標(biāo)題A．Tearsattracthelpfromothersandenableustounderstandouremotionsbetter.B．Cryingalsohasmanyhealthadvantages.C．Notcryingcanbebadforphysicalhealth.D．Cryingseemsimportanttoouremotionalhealth.,,WhenIwassmallandmygrandmotherdied，IcouldntunderstandwhyIhadnotears.Butthatnightwhenmydadtriedtocheermeup，mylaughturnedintocrying.Soithasnosurprisetolearnthatresearchersbelievecryingandlaughingefromthesamepartofthebrain.Justaslaughinghasmanyhealthadvantages，scientistsarediscoveringthatcryingdoesdo，too.Whateverittakesforustoreducepressureisimportanttoouremotionalhealth，andcryingseemstoworkwell.Onestudyfoundthat85percentofwomenand73percentofmenreportfeelingbetteraftercrying.,Besides，tearsattracthelpfromotherpeople.Researchersagreethatwhenwecry，peoplearoundusbeekinderandfriendlierandtheyaremorereadytoprovidesupportandfort.Tearsalsoenableustounderstandouremotionsbetter；sometimeswedontevenknowwereverysaduntilwecry.Welearnaboutouremotionsthroughcrying，andthenwecandealwiththem.,Justascryingcanbehealthy，notcrying—holdingbacktearsofanger，painorsuffering—canbebadforphysicalhealth.Studieshaveshownthattoomuchcontrolofemotionscanleadtohighbloodpressure，heartproblemsandsomeotherillnesses.Ifyouhaveahealthproblem，doctorswillcertainlynotaskyoutocry.Butwhenyoufeellikecrying，dontfightit.Itsanatural—andhealthy—emotionalresponse.,1．Themainideaofeachparagraph：Paragraph2→________Paragraph3→________Paragraph4→________Paragraph5→________2．Thebesttitleforthepassage：________答案1.BDAC2.Thefunctionsoftears,Ⅱ.閱讀理解Thinkaboutthedifferentwaysthatpeopleusethewind.Youcanuseittoflyakiteortosailaboat.Windisoneofourcleanestandrichestpowersources(來(lái)源)，aswellasoneoftheoldest.Evidenceshowsthatwindmills(風(fēng)車)begantobeusedinancientIranbackintheseventhcenturyBC.TheywerefirstintroducedtoEuropeduringthe1100s，whenarmiesreturnedfromtheMiddleEastwithknowledgeofusingwindpower.,Formanycenturies，peopleusedwindmillstogrind(磨碎)wheatintoflourorpumpwaterfromdeepunderground.Whenelectricitywasdiscoveredinthelate1800s,peoplelivinginremoteareasbegantousethemtoproduceelectricity.Thisallowedthemtohaveelectriclightsandradio.However，bythe1940swhenelectricitywasavailabletopeopleinalmostallareasoftheUnitedStates，windmillswererarelyused.Duringthe1970s，peoplestartedbeingconcernedaboutthepollutionthatiscreatedwhencoalandgasare,burnedtoproduceelectricity.Peoplealsorealizedthatthesupplyofcoalandgaswouldnotlastforever.Then，windwasrediscovered，thoughitmeanshighercosts.Today，thereisaglobalmovementtosupplymoreandmoreofourelectricitythroughtheuseofwind.,Whatwouldtheauthorprobablydiscussintheparagraphthatfollows?A．Theadvantagesofwindpower.B．Thedesignofwindpowerplants.C．Theworldwidemovementtosaveenergy.D．Theglobaltrendtowardsproducingpowerfromwind.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句中的內(nèi)容可推測(cè)出作者接下來(lái)要討論的可能是利用風(fēng)能發(fā)電的全球趨勢(shì)。,再見(jiàn),