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第一步循序漸進，提升寫作技能,第一講短小精悍的簡單句,,英語中最重要、最基本的句式有五種，復(fù)雜的句子結(jié)構(gòu)都是這些基本句型的擴展和延伸。因此，加強對五種基本句型的學習是寫作的基礎(chǔ)，也是提高英語寫作水平的前提。除了系動詞be外，還有一些動詞是系動詞：表感官的動詞(feel，smell，taste，sound等)，表“像”的動詞(look，appear，seem等)，表狀態(tài)變化的動詞(bee，get，grow，turn，go等)，表延續(xù)的動詞(remain，keep，hold，stay等)。作表語的通常是名詞、形容詞、不定式、介詞短語或從句。1.Mr.Brownisanengineer.(名詞作表語)2.Graduallyhebecamesilent.(形容詞作表語),系表結(jié)構(gòu)：S＋link－v.＋P,3.Sheremainedstandingforanhour.(現(xiàn)在分詞作表語)4.Thequestionremainedunsolved.(過去分詞作表語)5.Themachineisoutoforder.(介詞短語作表語)6.Thetelevisionwason.(副詞作表語)7.Hisplanistokeeptheaffairsecret.(動詞不定式作表語)8.Myjobisrepairingcars.(動名詞作表語)9.Thequestioniswhatyouwanttodo.(從句作表語，即：表語從句),[名師點津]在下面的句子中，形容詞作表語，在表語的后面常常接不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。1.I’mhappytomeetyou.2.Theyarewillingtohelp.3.Wearedeterminedtofollowhisexample.,這種句型中的動詞(短語)大多是不及物動詞，這類動詞(短語)常見的有：takeplace，happen，breakout，appear，disappear，apologize，arrive，go，e，die，count，matter，fall，rise等。有些動詞如wash，sell，burn，write，clean，cook，read等可以在后面加副詞表示主語的性質(zhì)，也用于主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。1.Thesunisrising.2.I’lltry.3.Didyousleepwell？(well作狀語，修飾不及物動詞sleep)4.Theenginebrokedown.,主謂結(jié)構(gòu)：S＋V,[名師點津]在此句型中，有少數(shù)不及物動詞表達被動含義，表達主語本身所具有的特征，不用被動語態(tài)。1.Thebooksellswell.2.Thewindowwon’tshut.3.Thepenwritessmoothly.4.Cheesecutseasily.,主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)是英語中常見的句型，謂語是及物動詞(短語)，賓語通常是名詞、代詞、動名詞、不定式等。1.Doyouknowthesepeople(them)？(名詞或代詞作賓語)2.Ican’texpressmyselfinEnglish.(反身代詞作賓語)3.Hesmiledastrangesmile.(同源賓語)4.Wecan’taffordtopaysuchaprice.(不定式作賓語)5.Wouldyoumindwaitingafewminutes？(動名詞作賓語)6.IhopethatIhavesaidnothingtopainyou.(從句作賓語，即：賓語從句)[名師點津]并不是所有的及物動詞都可以接上述各種情況作賓語，不同的動詞有不同的用法，所以，在學習動詞時，一定要掌握其用法。,主謂賓：S＋V＋O,在英語的雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語動詞是能帶一個間接賓語和一個直接賓語的及物動詞，這類動詞被稱為雙賓語及物動詞。這種帶雙賓語的動詞也可以與介詞to或for連用，構(gòu)成“主語＋謂語動詞＋直接賓語＋介詞＋間接賓語”的句型。間接賓語前需要加to的常用動詞：bring，give，hand，lend，offer，owe，pass，write，send，show，tell，teach等。間接賓語前需要加for的常用動詞：buy，call，cook，choose，draw，find，get，sing，spare。1.Hehandedmealetter.→Hehandedalettertome.2.Shegavemehertelephonenumber.→Shegavehertelephonenumbertome.3.Shesangusafolksong.→Shesangafolksongforus.4.Shecookedusadeliciousmeal.→Shecookedadeliciousmealforus.,雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)：S＋V＋O(間接賓語人)＋O(直接賓語事物),賓語補足語是用來補充說明賓語內(nèi)容的，通常放在賓語的后面，起補充說明的作用。名詞、形容詞、分詞、不定式、介詞短語等常常作賓語補足語。1.Hefoundhisnewjobboring.(形容詞作賓補)2.TheycalledtheirdaughterMary.(名詞作賓補)3.Thisplacedherinaverydifficultposition.(介詞短語作賓補)4.Wewenttoherhousebutfoundherout.(副詞作賓補)5.Whatdoyouadvisemetodo？(不定式作賓補),復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)：S＋V＋O＋C,6.Wethoughthimtobeanhonestman.(tobe作賓補)7.Hebelievedthemtohavediscussedtheproblem.(不定式的完成式作賓補)8.Hebelievedhertobetellingthetruth.(不定式的進行式作賓補)9.Didyounoticehimein？(不帶to的不定式作賓補)10.IsawherchattingwithNancy.(現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補)11.Hewatchedthepianocarriedupstairs.(過去分詞作賓補),[跟蹤訓練],Ⅰ.用下面所給的動詞作謂語，按要求完成下面句子★leave1.They__________________________(將離開)tomorrow.(主謂)2.Theboy________________(把書落在這里)yesterday.(主謂賓)3.Tomalways___________________________________________________________(做不完作業(yè))atnight.(主謂賓賓補)4.Hisgrandfather________________________(留給兒子一所大房子)afterhisdeath.(主謂間賓直賓),willleave,lefthisbookhere,leaveshishomeworkunfinished,lefthissonabighouse,★write5.We___________________________(用鋼筆寫字).(主謂)6.Sheoften________________(寫報告)foranewspaper.(主謂賓)7.She________________(給我寫信)lastweek.(主謂間賓直賓),writewithpens,writesreports,wrotemealetter,Ⅱ.翻譯句子1.我們的語文老師很隨和。2.他所說的話聽起來有道理。3.孩子們急急忙忙向博物館方向走去。4.在去哪兒度假的問題上我父母最終讓步了。,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________,OurChineseteacherisveryeasy-going.,Whathesaidsoundsreasonable.,Thechildrenwalkedinthedirectionofthemuseuminahurry.,Myparentsgaveinatlastonwheretospendtheholiday.,5.我喜歡跟Smith一起工作。6.他幾乎不知道如何寫作文。7.售票員把車票一一給了乘客。8.我給兒子買了個筆記本電腦作為禮物。,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________,IenjoyworkingwithSmith.,Hehardlyknowshowtowriteaposition.,Theconductorgavetheticketstothepassengersonebyone.,Iboughtalaptopformysonasagift.,9.孩子們把新年晚會辦得很成功。10.他讓狗圍著桌子跑。,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________,Childrenmadethenewyearpartyasuccess.,Hehadthedogrunaroundthedesk.,Ⅲ.典型病句診斷1.I’mverymuchlikeEnglish._________________________2.MyfavouritesubjectsincludingEnglishandChinese._________________3.Thefuturelifewillbeemoreandmorebetter.____________________________________4.Intheiropinion，gotouniversityistheonlywaytosuccess.____________5.Therehavemanystudentstalkingoutside.____________6.Hecosttendollarsforthebook.____________7.Sheisconfidenceandpatience.__________________________________________,→IlikeEnglishverymuch.,including→include,moreandmorebetter→betterandbetter,go→going,have→are,cost→paid,confidenceandpatience→confidentandpatient,8.IfollowedMr.Smithentertheoffice.____________9.Hashereturnedbackyet？____________10.HeleaveBeijingonacoldwinternight.____________11.Iworkedhardlyinordertocatchupwithothers.____________12.Thefiredestroiedtheirhouses.____________________13.Shefellveryhappyatthenews.____________14.Heisworksveryhard.____________15.Myhomevillagehastakenplacegreatchangesinthepastfewyears.______________________________________________________________________,enter前加to,去掉back,leave→left,hardly→hard,destroied→destroyed,fell→felt,去掉is,→Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhomevillageinthepastfewyears.,