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Unit1Culturalrelics,知識(shí)清單,(一)基本單詞1.________vi.幸免;幸存;生還2.________vt.挑選;選擇3.________n.設(shè)計(jì);圖案;構(gòu)思vt.設(shè)計(jì);計(jì)劃;構(gòu)思4.________adj.奇特的;異樣的vt.想象;設(shè)想;愛(ài)好5.________vt.移動(dòng);搬開(kāi)6.________n.懷疑;疑惑vt.懷疑;不信,survive,select,design,fancy,remove,doubt,單詞,7.__________adj.以前的;從前的8.__________adj.值得的;相當(dāng)于…的價(jià)值n.價(jià)值；作用9._________adj.本地的;當(dāng)?shù)氐?0.___________vi.爆炸11.___________vi.下沉;沉下12.___________n.爭(zhēng)論;辯論vi.爭(zhēng)論;辯論13.___________adj.非正式的14.___________adj.木制的15.___________adj.貴重的，有價(jià)值的16.___________adj.稀罕的，稀有的，珍貴的,former,worth,local,explode,sink,debate,informal,wooden,valuable,rare,(二)派生單詞17.____________vi.使吃驚;驚訝→_________adj.令人吃驚的→_________adj.吃驚的→____________n.吃驚;驚訝18.____________v.裝飾;裝修→____________n.裝修;裝飾,amaze,amazing,amazed,amazement,decorate,decoration,1.尋找2.屬于3.作為報(bào)答;回報(bào)4.處于交戰(zhàn)狀態(tài)5.少于6.拆開(kāi)7.看重;器重8.裝飾有,insearchof,belongto,inreturn,atwar,lessthan,takeapart,thinkhighlyof,bedecoratedwith,短語(yǔ),核心要點(diǎn),1.survivev.生存，存活；幸免，幸存；保存Isitenoughtohavesurvivedforalongtime?（課文原句）能保存很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間就夠了嗎？,單詞,【拓展】survivorn.幸存者survivaln.殘存，生還，生存,2.selectvt.挑選;選擇Theamberwhichwasselectedhadabeautifulyellow-browncolorlikehoney.（課文原句）選出來(lái)的琥珀色彩艷麗，呈現(xiàn)蜂蜜一樣的黃褐色。,【歸納】select...as...挑選……作為……selectsb.todo...挑選某人干......【辨析】choose,select,elect,pickchoose:側(cè)重根據(jù)個(gè)人意愿和判斷從眾多對(duì)象中進(jìn)行選擇,著重被選者的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。select:書(shū)面,具有莊嚴(yán)正式的感情色彩,強(qiáng)調(diào)精選。,elect:按照一定的規(guī)章或法律,用投票等方式進(jìn)行的認(rèn)真慎重的選擇。pick:口語(yǔ)詞,多指從個(gè)人角度仔細(xì)挑選,也含任意挑選之意。,3.designn.設(shè)計(jì);圖案;構(gòu)思vt.設(shè)計(jì);計(jì)劃;構(gòu)思Thedesignoftheroomwasinthefancystylepopularinthosedays.（課文原句）琥珀屋的設(shè)計(jì)采用了當(dāng)時(shí)流行的別致的建筑式樣。,【歸納】bydesign(＝onpurpose)故意地;蓄意地designsb./sth.todosth.打算讓……從事……designsb./sth.for...打算讓……用作某種目的bedesignedfor/todosth.計(jì)劃做;打算用來(lái)做,4.removev.移動(dòng);搬開(kāi);搬家;遷移;脫掉;撤職;消除BeforetheNaziscouldgettothesimmerpalace,theRussianswereabletoremovesomefurnitureandsmallartobjectsfromtheAmberRoom.（課文原句）在納粹分子到達(dá)夏宮之前，俄羅斯人只能把琥珀屋里的一些家具和小件藝術(shù)飾品搬走。,【歸納】remove...from把……移開(kāi)removefrom...to...從……搬到……removesb.fromschool開(kāi)除;勒令某人退學(xué)removeone’sdoubt/trouble消除某人的疑慮/煩惱,【辨析】move,transfer,remove這些動(dòng)詞均可表從一處移往另一處之意。move:普通用詞,指從一處到另一處轉(zhuǎn)移。transfer:一般表示轉(zhuǎn)送/移交或遷移,尤指交通運(yùn)輸中的換乘或職務(wù)的調(diào)動(dòng)等。remove:移動(dòng),與move可換用,還可指撤職或開(kāi)除學(xué)藉等。,【辨析】remove,dismiss,expel這些動(dòng)詞均有“開(kāi)除,驅(qū)出,去掉”之意。remove:普通用詞,不帶任何感情色彩。dismiss:既可指突然地迅速地排除,也可指解雇或開(kāi)除。expel:多指強(qiáng)行解除公職或驅(qū)出住地。,5.doubtv.不信ThereisnodoubtthattheboxeswerethenputonatrainforKonigsberg,whichwasatthattimeaGermancityontheBalticSea.（課文原句）毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，這些箱子后來(lái)被裝上火車(chē)運(yùn)往哥尼斯堡，當(dāng)時(shí)德國(guó)在波羅的海邊的一個(gè)城市。,【歸納】without/beyonddoubt無(wú)疑地;必定;當(dāng)然Thereisnodoubt毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)……Thereissomedoubtwhether(if)...有疑問(wèn)……Idon’tdoubtthat...我確信……Idoubtwhether(if)...我懷疑……nodoubt毫無(wú)疑問(wèn),6.worthadj.值得的;相當(dāng)于……的價(jià)值n.價(jià)值;作用IsitworthrebuildinglostculturalrelicssuchastheAmberRoomorYuanMingYuaninBeijing?（課文原句）重建諸如琥珀屋和北京圓明園這類(lèi)的文化遺址，是否值得？,【歸納】bewellworthdoingsth.非常值得做某事beworththemoney/effort/atry值得花錢(qián)/努力/一試beworthit值得一干;值得花精力(或時(shí)間),【辨析】worth,worthy,worthwhileworth作表語(yǔ),“值得的”,構(gòu)成beworth＋n./pron./doingworthy作表語(yǔ),“值得的”;作定語(yǔ)時(shí),“值得尊敬的,注意的”,構(gòu)成beworthyof＋n./beingdone/tobedone。worthwhile作表語(yǔ)/定語(yǔ),“值得的”,構(gòu)成Itbeworthwhiledoingsth./todosth.,Withthereformofliteracymarketplace,anincreasingnumberofgoodTVseriesandfilmswhichare______havebeeningforward.A.worthwatchingB.worthtobewatchedC.worthyofwatchingD.worthwhilewatching,一句多譯。那個(gè)地方值得一去。1)Theplaceisworthavisit.2)Theplaceisworthyofavisit.3)Theplaceisworthvisiting.4)Itisworthvisitingtheplace.5)Theplaceisworthyofbeingvisited.6)Theplaceisworthytobevisited.7)Itisworthwhilevisitingtheplace8)Itisworthwhiletovisittheplace.,1.insearchof尋找Insearchoftheamberroom（課文原句）尋找琥珀屋,【拓展】inone’s/thesearchfor尋找searchsth./sb.搜查某物或搜身searchfor尋找(＝lookfor)search...for...為找到……而搜查……,短語(yǔ),【辨析】insearchof/search/searchfor/search...for...insearchof介詞短語(yǔ),“尋找”,可作狀語(yǔ)/定語(yǔ)/表語(yǔ)/賓補(bǔ)等,也可用ina/the/one’ssearchfor來(lái)替換。search及物動(dòng)詞表“搜查”,賓語(yǔ)可人,“對(duì)某人進(jìn)行搜身”,如果賓語(yǔ)是表地點(diǎn)的名詞,“搜查某個(gè)地方”。searchfor“搜尋”,花費(fèi)很大的力氣去尋找某個(gè)特定的人或物,相當(dāng)于lookfor。search...for...為尋找……而搜查……,【即時(shí)應(yīng)用】用insearchof/search/searchfor/search...for...的適當(dāng)形式填空。1)Manyneighboursjoinedthecouple,____________themissingboy.2)Thepolicestartedoff____________thepossibleclueswhichwouldhelpfindthesuspects.,searchingfor,insearchof,3)Theyhave___________everyroominthehotel,butfoundnothingvaluable.4)Thepolice__________thehouse_____thehiddendrugs.,searched,searched,for,2.belongto屬于;是……的一部分FrederickWilliamI,towhomtheamberroombelonged,decidednottokeepit.（課文原句）腓特烈威廉一世，這個(gè)琥珀屋的主人卻決定不要它了。,【歸納拓展】belongto不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。belong如果表示“應(yīng)該在某處,適合在某處”時(shí)后跟in,on,among,under,with等介詞。belongingsn.財(cái)產(chǎn);所有物;相關(guān)事物,單項(xiàng)選擇。Therearemanycountriespresentatthemeeting,andonethirdofthem______thedevelopingcountryandthethirdworld.A.belongtoB.arebelongingtoC.belongstoD.arebelongedto解析：belongto不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，不用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)；主謂一致原則，分?jǐn)?shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于它所修飾的名詞。,句型轉(zhuǎn)換。TheboyisamemberofafootballclubandplayseverySaturday.→Theboy__________afootballclubandplayseverySaturday.,belongsto,3.inreturn作為回報(bào);作為交換Inreturn,theCzarsenthimatroopofhisbestsoldiers.（課文原句）作為回贈(zèng)，沙皇送給他一隊(duì)最好的士兵。,【拓展】inreturnfor作為……的回報(bào);答謝A?Breturnticket/trip往返車(chē)票/旅行inturn依次;輪流;相應(yīng)地;反過(guò)來(lái)A→B→Cbyturns輪流,—Areyoufreeafterschool?—Sorry,I’veplannedtotreatafriendofminetodinner______forhelp.A.inorderB.inreturnC.inturnD.inhonor,4.lessthan少于，不到Inlessthantwodays100,000pieceswereputinsidetwenty-sevenwoodenboxes.（課文原句）在不到兩天的時(shí)間里，10萬(wàn)個(gè)部件裝進(jìn)了27個(gè)木箱。,【拓展】含than的其它常用短語(yǔ)：morethan不僅僅，多于，非常more...than...與其說(shuō)……不如說(shuō)……是……而不是……nomorethan只有nootherthan只有，正是otherthan不同于，除了,5.thinkhighlyof看重;器重;高度評(píng)價(jià)IthinkhighlyofthosewhoaresearchingfortheAmberRoom.（課文原句）我非常欣賞那些尋找琥珀屋下落的人。,【拓展】thinkwell/muchofsb./sth.對(duì)某人/某物評(píng)價(jià)很高thinkbadly/little/ill/lightlyofsb./sth對(duì)某人/某物評(píng)價(jià)很低(印象不好)thinklittleof不放在眼里;輕視thinknothingof輕視;認(rèn)為……無(wú)所謂speakhighlyof高度贊揚(yáng)……singhighpraisefor高度贊揚(yáng),為某人唱贊歌,【提示】當(dāng)thinkhighly/well/muchof用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),副詞置thought之前,即構(gòu)成behighly/well/muchthoughtof結(jié)構(gòu)。,Inatrial,ajudgemustdecidewhicheyewitnessestobelieveandwhichnottobelieve.,疑問(wèn)代詞who,what,which等和疑問(wèn)副詞when,where,how等后面跟不定式,構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ),在句中作主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)/表語(yǔ)/賓補(bǔ)。,句式,【歸納】①“疑問(wèn)詞＋動(dòng)詞不定式”經(jīng)常用在某些動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))后作賓語(yǔ),這樣的動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))有:tell,show,know,learn,findout,forget,wonder等。②此用法中的不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)需與主句的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)保持一致,否則用相應(yīng)的從句。,【觀(guān)察】注意觀(guān)察A、B兩組句子的不同點(diǎn)。A.1.Everyonewho/thatknewJacklikedhim.2.Thewoman(that/who/whom)youmetjustnowismymother.3.Pleaseshowmethebookwhich/thatiswrittenbyMoYan.4.Theeducation(which/that)mydadreceivedaddeduptonomorethantwoyears.,語(yǔ)法,限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,5.Thisisthesingerwhosefatherisagreatscientist.6.Irememberthedaywhenmyfatherdied.Iwasonlytenyearsoldatthattime.7.CouldyoutellmeifthereisasupermarketaroundwhereIcanbuysomefood?8.Thewomanwithwhomyoushookhandsjustnowisheadofourpany.,B.1.LiuYing,whoisourmonitor,iskindandalwaysreadytohelpothers.2.Thestudentswenttothehospitaltoseeher,whomtheyrespectgreatly.3.Atabout3:00intheafternoon,wecametothevillage,whosescenerywasreallyfascinating.4.Thecollege,wheremybrotherstudied,isafamousone.,5.Thedictionary,whichmyfatherboughtinBeijing,isveryhelpfulforme.6.Hesaidhewasbusy,whichwasuntrue.7.Tomwasn’tlisteningtome,whichmademeangry.8.Thishouse,forwhichMr.Smithpaid$150,000,isnowworth$300,000.,【歸納】A組中的定語(yǔ)從句都是限制性定語(yǔ)從句，B組中的定語(yǔ)從句都是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。主要有以下區(qū)別：1.形式不同限制性定語(yǔ)從句與主句之間不能用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)（A組句子）；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與主句之間通常用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)（B組句子）。,2.作用不同限制性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)先行詞進(jìn)行修飾限制，如果去掉，主句的意思就會(huì)不完整、不明確或失去意義（A組句子）；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)先行詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，與主句的關(guān)系不十分密切，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整（B組句子）。,3.關(guān)系詞不同限制性定語(yǔ)從句可以由that,which,who(m),whose,where,when,why及“介詞+which/whom”等來(lái)連接；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句通常由who(m),whose,which,when,where及“介詞+which/whom”等來(lái)連接。另外，在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略，而在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞一律不能省略。,4.關(guān)系代詞指代不同限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞一般指代一個(gè)名詞或代詞（A組句1至句5、句8）；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞則既可指代一個(gè)名詞或代詞（B組句1至句3、句5、句8），也可以指代主句的部分或______內(nèi)容（B組句6、句7）。,全部,【即學(xué)即練】用方框內(nèi)的關(guān)系詞填空。1.Doyoustillrememberthedays_______westayedtogetherinthejuniorschool?2.Kevinisreadingabook__________istoodifficultforhim.3.Theboywith______Johnspokeismybrother.4.Mr.Shang,______cametoseemeyesterday,isanoldfriendofmyfather’s.5.Mary,_______childrenareatschoolallday,istryingtogetajob.,that,which,who,whom,whose,when,where,why,when,which/that,whom,who,whose,6.Thecity_______Igrewupisaverybeautifulplace.7.TheydislikeTom,_______isnotsurprising.8.Iwenttotheoldhousein_______mygrandmotherusedtolive.9.Pleasegivemethereason_______youwerelateagain.10.Youshouldapologizetoyourfriend_______bikeyoulost.,that,which,who,whom,whose,when,where,why,where,which,which,why,whose,議論文是對(duì)某問(wèn)題或事件進(jìn)行分析、評(píng)論，表明觀(guān)點(diǎn)、立場(chǎng)、態(tài)度、看法和主張的文體。正反對(duì)比式，是從總論點(diǎn)的正反兩個(gè)方面入手，進(jìn)行正反對(duì)比論證得出結(jié)論。簡(jiǎn)單的正反對(duì)比是在提出觀(guān)點(diǎn)后，一段從正面論證觀(guān)點(diǎn)，一段從反面論證觀(guān)點(diǎn)，最后得出結(jié)論。還有一種對(duì)照式結(jié)構(gòu)是在正面進(jìn)行論述或者擺出論據(jù)后，用轉(zhuǎn)折或假設(shè)的方式從反面展開(kāi)論述。,寫(xiě)作,如何寫(xiě)正反對(duì)比式作文,【寫(xiě)作指導(dǎo)】分四個(gè)基本段落來(lái)寫(xiě)：第一段引出話(huà)題；第二、三段提出正反兩方面的觀(guān)點(diǎn)，陳述理由；第四段總結(jié)利弊，表明作者態(tài)度。,【注意】1.話(huà)題的提出要開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山；2.對(duì)比論據(jù)要正確，條理要清楚，論據(jù)要充分，論證要合理，準(zhǔn)確、精煉；3.觀(guān)點(diǎn)必須鮮明，不能模棱兩可；4.主體時(shí)態(tài)多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；5.盡量避免同一單詞、句型的重復(fù)使用，多采用同義詞、相似結(jié)構(gòu)以使表達(dá)多樣化。,【常用表達(dá)】1.開(kāi)頭部分Wehadaheateddiscussionabout/on...Opinionsabout...aredivided.Peoplehavetakendifferentattitudestowards...Therearedifferentopinionsamongpeopleasto...Somepeopleclaimthat...,however,othersdisagreewithit.Somepeoplebelieve/arguethat...whilesomeholdtheoppositeidea/opinion.,2.正方觀(guān)點(diǎn)Somearefor/infavoroftheideathat...Peoplewhoarefortheideathinkthat...3.反方觀(guān)點(diǎn)However,...holdadifferentviewthat.../holdtheoppositeopinion.Peoplewhoareagainstitthink...,4.個(gè)人觀(guān)點(diǎn)Inmyopinion,...AsfarasIamconcerned,...Frommypersonalpointofview,...Personally,Ithink...Asforme,...,【寫(xiě)作任務(wù)】假設(shè)你是李華。最近你班在英語(yǔ)課上針對(duì)“學(xué)校該不該禁止學(xué)生帶手機(jī)”這個(gè)話(huà)題進(jìn)行了辯論。請(qǐng)根據(jù)提示寫(xiě)一篇短文，介紹辯論情況，然后發(fā)表在你校英文論壇上。正方：①帶手機(jī)導(dǎo)致學(xué)生上課分散注意力；②占用時(shí)間上網(wǎng)、玩游戲、發(fā)短信。反方：①方便與家長(zhǎng)和朋友保持聯(lián)系；②手機(jī)使學(xué)生有安全感。你的觀(guān)點(diǎn)……注意:1.詞數(shù)120左右；2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；3.參考詞匯：分散distract。,【參考范文】Recentlywehadadebateonwhetherstudentsshouldbeforbiddentousesmartphonesinschool.Theresultsareasfollows.Somearguethatweshouldbeforbiddentousesmartphonesinschool.First,usingsmartphonesdistractsourattentionfromourlessons.Besides,somestudentsspendtoomuchtimeonline,playingelectronicgamesandsendingtextmessagesafterclass.,However,othersthinkwestudentsshouldbeallowedtousesmartphonesinschool.Smartphonesmakeitconvenientforustokeepintouchwithourparentsandfriends.Besides,smartphonescangiveusasenseofsecurity.Personally,Ithinkwestudentsshouldbeallowedtousesmartphonesinschoolsothatwecancontactourparentsincaseofemergency.,鞏固練習(xí),I.用括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空。1.Mygrandfathersonlychanceof________(survive)wasahearttransplant.2.The________(amaze)thingisthatitwaskeptsecretforsolong.3.Hedescribedherasoneofthegreatestfilm________(art)ofthe20thcentury.,survival,amazing,artists,4.Itsanoutdoorparty,sodress_________(informal).5.Whenwilltheyfinishthe_________(decorate)ofthebathroom?,informally,decoration,II.用方框內(nèi)合適的短語(yǔ)填空。takeapart,belongto,lessthan,inreturn,insearchof1.Whatcanwedoforthem________forallthehelptheyhavegivenus？2.Wehaveto_________thewholeenginetodiscoverthecauseofthetrouble.3.Thewholehousewentupinsmokein________anhour.,inreturn,takeapart,lessthan,takeapart,belongto,lessthan,inreturn,insearchof4.Mr.Smithhadalsogone__________thecouplebutreturnedfromLondonwithoutsuccess.5.Thepolicehavefoundoutthatthehandwriting_________amale.,insearchof,belongsto,III.用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空。Thetown1.________Iwasbornhaschangedgreatlyoverthelasttwentyyears.Now,thereisamodernshoppingcentreintheplace2.________myschoolusedtobeandallthechildren3.________wenttherehavegrownupandmovedaway.Thelocalcinema,4.________wasbuiltseveralyearsago,usedtobeadancehall5.________bigbandsplayed.,where,where,who/that,which,where,Thepark,6.________wasmyfavoriteplaceasachild,isnowacarpark.Somethingsarestillthesamethough.Mrs.Jones,7.________isnowsixtyyearsold,stillworksinthePostOfficeandMr.Jonesstillownsthebakersshop,8.________histwosonsnowwork.,which,who,where,Thehospital9.________Iwasborninisstillstanding,althoughitisnowmuchbiggerthanitwasatthetime10.________Iwasborn.Theday11.________myfamilyandIleftourhometownwasoneofthesaddestdaysofmylife.,which,when,when,Ⅳ.閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Somepeopleliketheirguitarstolookfancyandnew;otherslike1.________tolookasifthey’vebeenknockedaboutabit.Thefoundingfatheroftheworld-famousFenderguitarpany,designed2.________firstmass-producedsolidwooden-bodiedelectricguitar,theTelecasterin1950,,them,the,3.________hefollowedupwiththeStratocasterin1954.Thesetwomodelsareprobablythemostrecognizableelectricguitarsonthemarketandhave4.________(regular)beenseeninthehandsofrockandpopstarsallovertheworldeversince.TelecastersandStratocasters5.________(make)inthe1950sand1960sarehighlythoughtofbutbeyondtheprice-rangeofmostguitarists.,which,regularly,made,Someare6.________nearperfectconditionwhileothers,worndownbyworkingmusiciansoverthedecades,7.__________(cover)inscratches,cigaretteburnsanddrinkstains.Inrecenttimes,therehasbeenincreasingdemandfortheserareand8.________(value)“relic”guitars,sothepanyhasstartedtoproducefake“relics”:,in,arecovered,valuable,copiesoftheir50sand60sguitarsthatlooklikethey9._______________(play)forover50years.Chipped,scratchedandrustedbyguitarmakersinFendersguitarfactory,theyaresomeofthemostexpensivenewguitarsyoucanbuy,butstillmuch10.________(cheap)thananoriginal.Someask,“Whatsthepoint?”O(jiān)therssay,“That’sRock‘n’Roll!”,havebeenplayed,cheaper,