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Unit5Meetingyourancestors,知識歸納,1.____________n.可能的選擇adj.供選擇的;其他的2.____________n.挨餓;餓死3.____________adj.有觀察力的;敏銳的;嚴重的;深刻的4.____________vt.假定;設(shè)想5.____________adv.不管;不顧6.____________adj.足夠的;充足的;富裕的,starvation,assume,regardless,ample,alternative,acute,(一)基本單詞,知識清單,7.____________adj.凌亂的;臟的8.____________n.植物學10.___________vt.刪;刪除11.___________n.痕跡;搔;撓vt.抓;擦傷;刮壞12.___________n.幼兒園13.___________vt.逮捕;吸引n.逮捕;拘留,botany,messy,delete,kindergarten,scratch,arrest,14.primitiveadj._______________________15.analysisn.__________________16.significancen.__________________17.academyn._____________________18.yogurtn.__________________19.wrinklen.___________________20.applaudvi.__________________21.acceleratevi.vt.__________________,原始的;遠古的;簡陋的,分析,意義;意思;重要性,學院;學會;學術(shù)團體,酸奶;酸乳酪,皺紋,鼓掌歡迎;贊賞,加速;促進,1.accuracyn.精確;準確___________adj.精確的;準確的___________adv.精確地;準確地___________n.錯誤,inaccuracy,accurate,accurately,(二)派生單詞,2.interruptv.打斷……(講話);打岔;暫時中止或中斷_____________n.中止,中斷;阻攔物,障礙物_____________n.打斷者,阻礙者__________________[搭配]不中斷地,withoutinterruption,interruption,interrupter,3.sharpadj.鋒利的;尖銳的;急劇的__________adv.銳利地;急劇地__________n.銳利__________v.削尖;(使)尖銳__________n.削具;磨具,sharpener,sharply,sharpness,sharpen,4.skilln.技巧;熟練__________adj.有技巧的;熟練的__________adv.巧妙地,技術(shù)好的__________adj.有能力的,熟練的,skilled,skillful,skillfully,1.不顧;不管________________2.遭受;患……病;受……苦________________3.把……和……對比________________4.帶某人到處參觀_________________5.對……感興趣__________________,regardlessof,sufferfrom,pare...with...,showsb.round,beinterestedin,(三)短語,6.御寒;擋住寒氣_________________7.最多;至多_________________8.切碎_________________9.向前看;為將來打算____________10.追溯到________________11.在乎;擔心_________________,keepoutthecold,atmost,cutup,dateback,careabout,lookahead,12.lookverymuchlike______________13.usedtodo______________14.gatherforreunions______________15.lieinwait(forsb.)_____________________16.beedizzywithhunger______________,看起來很像,過去常做,團聚,隱蔽靜候以出人不意,餓得頭昏眼花,17.scoopup_____________18.pullout_____________19.withrelief_____________20.nowandthen_____________21.one’sspiritsrise__________________,某人的情緒高漲起來,摟起來,拖出來,寬慰地,不時地,1.Ifonlyshehadlookedaheadandplannedbetterthisyear!她今年要是早有預(yù)見,計劃得更好些就好了。ifonly用在虛擬語氣中,用以表達強烈的愿望或非真實條件。,(四)句式,2.Abruptlyshesatdown,onlytobescoopedupbyherlaughing,shoutingsister,Luna.突然間她坐了下去,但又被她那又笑又叫的妹妹盧娜一把摟了起來。onlytodo/be(結(jié)果)卻……,3.Wehavebeenexcavatinglayersofashalmostsixmetresthick,whichsuggeststhattheymighthavekeptthefireburningallwinter.我們一直在挖一層層的積灰,幾乎有六米厚,這說明他們可能整個冬季都在燒火。havebeenexcavating現(xiàn)在完成進行時,1.alternativen.可能的選擇adj.供選擇的;其他的課文原句:Canyouthinkofthealternativeswewouldusetoday？你能想到我們今天使用的替代品嗎？【歸納】havenoalternativebuttodosth.別無選擇只好做某事,核心要點,(一)單詞,there’snoalternative...別無選擇analternativeto...……的替代品【點撥】表示“別無選擇,只得……”的表達方式還有：havenochoicebuttodo;can’tchoosebutdo;can’t(help)butdo;candonothingbutdo【拓展】alternativelyadv.可供選擇地,用所給動詞的適當形式填空(admit)。Hehadnoalternativebut________thathewaswrong.＝Hehadnochoicebut________thathewaswrong.＝Hecoulddonothingbut______thathewaswrong.他除了承認他錯了別無選擇。,toadmit,toadmit,admit,2.interruptvt.阻隔物withoutinterruption連續(xù)地,不斷地,interrupt打斷,中斷他人的語言或行為,使其不能繼續(xù)。disturb擾亂,使人不能平衡或者擾亂別人工作、思維或正常秩序,是程度較深的煩惱。bother擾亂某人心緒而使人不能專心或?qū)Ｒ弧?interrupt/disturb/bother,選擇interrupt,disturb,bother的正確形式填空。1)Shewas_________tohearofyourillness.2)I’msorryto_________themeeting,butthereisanurgentlong-distancecallforMr.Zhou.,disturbed,interrupt,3)Don’t_______yourselftoomuchaboutme.4)We_______________inthemiddleofourconversation.,bother,wereinterrupted,3.assumevt.假定;設(shè)想課文原句:Sowethinkitisreasonabletoassumetheylivedinthesecaves,regardlessofthecold.因此,我們有理由認為他們不顧嚴寒,就住在這些洞穴里。【歸納】assumesb./sth.tobe假定/假設(shè)某人/某事為assumethat...設(shè)想……,假定……Itisassumedthat...……被認為,【拓展】assumptionn.假定,假設(shè),設(shè)想makeanassumption認為,假定ontheassumptionthat假定,【運用】1)__________(that)itrains,whatshallwedo?假如下雨的話,我們該怎么辦？2)____________thatshoppingontheInternetisnotperfect.人們認為網(wǎng)上購物是不完美的。,Assuming,Itisassumed,4.significancen.意義;意思;重要性;重要意義課文原句:Hisuniversitywasawareofthesignificanceofhiswork.他所在的大學知道他的工作的重要性。【歸納】thesignificanceof...……的重要性/含義beof(great)significance有(重大)意義/(非常)重要beofnosignificance無意義/不重要beoflittlesignificance不太重要,【拓展】significantadj.有(重大)意義/(非常)重要,【運用】1)TheirchangeofplanisstrangebutIthinkit’s______nosignificance.他們改變了計劃十分奇怪,但我覺得沒什么意義。2)Iattach_________________tothismatter.我很重視這件事。,of,muchsignificance,5.somehowadv.以……方式,不知怎么地,不知為什么課文原句:SomehowhecycledthirtymilestoDrBlackbecausetherewasnoalternativemeansoftransport.不管怎么說,他騎車三十英里去向布萊克博士報告。因為在當時沒有其他的交通工具。,6.applaudvt.鼓掌,稱贊,贊成課文原句:Shehadfeltsoproudasthegroupshoutedloudlytoapplaudhischoice.當族人為大胡的選擇歡呼鼓掌的時候,她覺得非常自豪?！練w納】applaudsb.forsth.因某事而贊揚某人applaudthedecision贊成某個決定【拓展】applausen.鼓掌歡迎,歡呼,7.arrestvt.逮捕;吸引n.逮捕;拘留課文原句:Shehadalmostreachedherdestinationwhenadelicioussmellarrestedherprogressandshestopped.快到目的地的時候,一陣香氣撲鼻,她不往前走了,停了下來?！練w納】arrestsb.for因……逮捕某人getarrested遭逮捕arrestone’sattention引起注意underarrest被捕makeanarrest進行拘捕,【運用】1)Hewasthefirst_______________drunkdriving.他是第一個因醉駕而被捕的人。2)ThenewelectioninAmerica_________theworld’sattention.美國的新大選吸引了世人的注意力。3)Herlaughter___________________andweallstaredather.她的笑聲吸引了我們的注意,我們都盯著她看。,tobearrestedfor,arrested,arrestedourattention,1.regardlessof不管;不顧(側(cè)重指不計后果和代價)regardlessof/despite/inspiteofregardlessof...強調(diào)不認為……重要,從而不加以重視或考慮;而despite和inspiteof有“盡管……但是”之意。,(二)短語,regardlessof后可接whether,what引導(dǎo)的從句,而inspiteof和despite后不可接從句,接名詞、代詞或動名詞。,【運用】______________heisrightorwrong,wehavetofollowhisdecision.無論他是對還是錯,我們必須遵守他的決定。,Regardlessof,2.befedupwith受夠了;飽受;厭煩課文原句:Well,I’mfedupwithalltheattentionand…噢,我對這些關(guān)注感到厭煩，……,【運用】1)Well,I’m________________(厭煩)alltheattentionofthepublic.2)Allanimalsincludingmen_________(以……為食)plantsorotheranimals.3)You’dbetter_________________________________(把這些新鮮的蔬菜喂給)thelittleboy.,fedupwith,feedon,feedthesefresh,vegetablesto,3.lookahead向前看;為將來打算課文原句:Ifonlyshehadlookedaheadandplannedbetterthisyear!她今年要是早有預(yù)見,計劃得更好些就好了！【歸納】lookat查看;思考,考慮;研究lookafter照看,照顧lookawayfrom把目光從……移開lookaround參觀,四處看看,環(huán)顧lookback回顧過去lookbackoverone’sshoulder回頭看,lookdownupon/on蔑視,瞧不起lookupto尊敬,欽佩lookforwardto期望,期待,盼望lookinto調(diào)查looklike看起來像……lookon...as把……看作lookout小心,當心,lookout小心,當心looksb.intheeye注視某人,直視某人lookthrough瀏覽,翻閱,審閱lookup查閱(詞或資料)looksb.upanddown上下打量某人,4.datebackto=datefrom(+時間點)追溯到,從……就有課文原句:AlltheobjectsarefromthesameexcavationsiteinSanxingduiandcanbedatedbacktobetween3,000and5,000yearsago.所有物品都來自三星堆遺址,它們能追溯到3000至5000年前。這個短語一般不用于被動語態(tài),也不用于進行時態(tài)。但做后置定語時,常用現(xiàn)在分詞。,【運用】1)Thisisanoldbuilding_____________the16thcentury.這是一棟可追溯至16世紀的古老建筑。2)Everydayanumberoftouriststakepicturesinthefrontofthetower,which__________asearlyas800yearsago.每天都有許多游客在這座可追溯到800年前的塔前拍照。,datingbackto,datesfrom,1.Ifonlyshehadlookedaheadandplannedbetterthisyear!她今年要是早有預(yù)見,計劃得更好些就好了。ifonly…表示“要是……就好了/但愿……。,(三)句式,謂語動詞用虛擬語氣,表示與過去、現(xiàn)在和將來事實相反的愿望。ifonly...could/would/might＋do...表示對將來事情的愿望(不用should)。ifonly...did...表示對與目前或現(xiàn)在事實相反的愿望。ifonly...haddone...表示對與過去事實相反的愿望。,【運用】1)IfonlyI_____________(follow)thedoctor’sadvice!要是我聽從了醫(yī)生的建議該多好啊！2)Ifonlywe__________(have)theopportunitytoworkinTibetnextyear.我們明年要是有機會去西藏工作就好了。,hadfollowed,couldhave,ifonly用來表達愿望,“但愿……,要是……就好了”,句中謂語動詞要用虛擬,表達強烈的愿望或遺憾。onlyif由副詞only和從屬連詞if組合而成,only僅起強調(diào)作用,“只有”,引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句,不用虛擬語氣。若其引導(dǎo)的從句置于句首,且與主語間沒有逗號隔開,則主句用倒裝語序。,ifonly/onlyif,e.g.Ifonlywecouldaffordtobuyaplaceofourown.OnlyifyoupromisenottoinviteMarywillIe.,2.Abruptlyshesatdown,onlytobescoopedupbyherlaughing,shoutingsister,Luna.突然間她坐了下去,結(jié)果被她那又笑又叫的妹妹盧娜一把摟了過來。onlytodo/be(結(jié)果)卻……不定式短語用作結(jié)果狀語,表示意料之外或不符合說話人期望的結(jié)果。這種結(jié)構(gòu)也常常在不定式前加上only來強調(diào)驚訝與失望。,3.Wehavebeenexcavatinglayersofashalmostsixmetresthick,whichsuggeststhattheymighthavekeptthefireburningallwinter.我們一直在挖掘一層層的積灰,幾乎有六米厚,這說明他們可能整個冬季都在燒火。havebeenexcavating現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示從過去開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,或?qū)⒗^續(xù)延續(xù)至將來。,現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在完成進行時的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在完成時表示已經(jīng)完成,而現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示還沒完成還要延續(xù)下去或者剛剛完成。如：Theyhavebuiltahouse.(完成)Theyhavebeenbuildingahouse.(尚未完成),4.Ourevidencesuggeststheydidindeedwearclothesmadeformanimalskins.我們的證據(jù)表明他們確實穿了用動物皮做成的衣服。suggest最常用有兩個意思：1)提議;提出;建議,后接動詞要用動詞的ing形式,后接賓語從句時,從句用虛擬語氣(“should+動詞原形”,should常省略)。,后接賓語從句要用虛擬語氣的詞可記為：一個堅持：insist二個命令：mand,order四個建議:advise,suggest,remend,propose四個要求：ask,demand,request,require2)表明,顯示,暗示;顯出,后接賓語從句(不用虛擬語氣)。,現(xiàn)在完成進行時,語法,【拓展】現(xiàn)在完成進行時與現(xiàn)在完成時相比,主要有三個特點：1.未完結(jié)性?，F(xiàn)在完成時表示動作已完成,而現(xiàn)在完成進行時則常常具有未完成含義。2.短暫性?，F(xiàn)在完成時與現(xiàn)在完成進行時都可表示延續(xù)至今的狀態(tài),但是現(xiàn)在完成進行時常常表示短暫性。如：TheyhavelivedinNewYork.（長期性）TheyhavebeenlivinginNewYork.（短暫性）,3.連續(xù)性或重復(fù)性。現(xiàn)在完成進行時常常用于表示延續(xù)至今的連續(xù)性或重復(fù)性動作。如：I’vebeenknocking.Idon’tthinkanybody’sin.,【即學即練】選出可填入空白處的最佳選項。1.We_________________(areworking/havebeenworking)onthisprojectforfourhours.Let’shavearest.2.Joseph_____________(hasbeengoing/hasgone)toeveningclassessincelastmonth,buthestillcan’tsay“What’syourname?”inRussian.3.I’mtiredout.I_________________(shopped/havebeenshopping)allafternoonandIdon’tseemtohavefinishedanything.,havebeenworking,hasbeengoing,havebeenshopping,4.—Jack,youlooksotired!—Well,I__________________(havepainted/havebeenpainting)thehouseandImustfinishtheworktomorrow.5.IhavetoseethedoctorbecauseI_________________(havebeencoughing/cough)alotlately.6.—We’vespenttoomuchmoneyrecently.—Well,itisn’tsurprising.Ourfriendsandrelatives_______________(areing/havebeening)aroundallthetime.,havebeenpainting,havebeen,coughing,havebeening,如何介紹文物古跡,寫作,【寫作任務(wù)】某英文報的“CulturalRelics”欄目正面向中學生征文。請根據(jù)提示信息，用英語寫一篇短文介紹莫高窟(theMogaoCaves)。1.位于中國西部甘肅省敦煌市東南；2.始建于公元366年,后不斷增補直至元代;,3.現(xiàn)存洞窟492個,壁畫(mural)約45000平方米,彩塑(paintedsculpture)2415尊,展示了四到十四世紀偉大的佛教(Buddhist)藝術(shù)成就；4.1987年被列入《世界遺產(chǎn)名錄》(WorldHeritageList)。注意:1.詞數(shù)100左右；2.可以適當增加細節(jié),以使行文連貫。,【寫作指導(dǎo)】一、審題定調(diào)本寫作任務(wù)要求介紹莫高窟，體裁屬于說明文，故語言要簡潔、準確、條理清楚又要突出特色。時態(tài)多用一般過去時和一般現(xiàn)在時，人稱以第三人稱為主。二、謀篇布局本寫作可分為三部分：第一部分：介紹其位置和修建時間；第二部分：描寫其規(guī)模；第三部分：說明其地位及影響。,三、就本寫作而言,可圍繞以下內(nèi)容組織語言。1.第一部分：介紹其位置和修建時間。,2.第二部分：描寫其規(guī)模。,3.第三部分：說明其地位及影響。,【參考范文】?普通范文?TheMogaoCavesarelocatedinthesoutheastofDunhuangCity,GansuProvinceofChina.Theywerestartedintheyearof366ADandfinishedintheYuanDynasty.Thereare492cavesnow,whichcontainabout45,000squaremetersofmuralsand2,415paintedsculptures.TheyshowthegreatachievementofBuddhistartfromthe4thtothe14thcentury.Becauseoftheirgreatartisticandculturalvalues,theMogaoCaveswereaddedtotheWorldHeritageListin1987.Everyyear,alotoftouristsfromallovertheworldetoseethisoldmysteriousplace.,?高級范文?LocatedinthesoutheastofDunhuangCity,GansuProvinceofChina,theMogaoCaveshavealonghistorydatingbackto366AD.TheyweregenerallyacplishedintheYuanDynasty.Now492cavesarepreserved,housingabout45,000squaremetersofmuralsand2,415paintedsculptures.TheyrepresenttheoutstandingachievementofBuddhistartfromthe4thtothe14thcentury.TheyhavesuchanimportantplaceinhumanculturethatUNESCOincludedtheMogaoCavesontheWorldHeritageListin1987.Everyyear,touristsfromallovertheworldflocktothisamazinglandtoadmirethewisdomofancientChinesepeople.,鞏固練習,I.用括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空。1.Thecoursewillhelpstudents________(sharp)theirwritingskills.2.The________(accurate)ofthereportscannotbechecked.3.Thefarmersarewaitingfortheapplesto________(ripe).4.Astheworktendstobeabit________(mess)youllneedtowearoldclothes.,ripen,sharpen,accuracy,messy,5.Theresultsofthestudyhaveawider__________(significant)foralltheprofession.6.A(n)________(analyze)ofdatafromAustraliashowsthatskincancerisontheincrease.7.Severalnew________(botany)specieshavebeendiscoveredinthelastyear.8.Overthreehundredpeoplehavediedof___________(starve)sincethebeginningoftheyear.9.Theywentabouttheirbusinessina(n)___________(system)way.,systematic,significance,analysis,botanical,starvation,II.用括號內(nèi)動詞的正確形式填空。1.—Howdidyoubreakyourarm?—IslippedontheicewhileI___________(cross)thestreetinfrontofthedorm.2.Iamsickofrainandbadweather!Hopefully,whenwe________(wake)uptomorrowmorning,thesun________________(shine).,willbe,wascrossing,wake,shining,3.—Hi,John.Youlookreallygreat!—I_________________(work)outatthefitnesscenterrecently.4.BythetimeBill_______(go)tobedtomorrow,he____________(have)afulldayandwillbereadyforsleep.5.Peterisgoingtoleaveinhalfanhour.Hewillfinishallofhisworkbeforehe______(leave).,leaves,havebeenworking,goes,willhavehad,6.—HowaboutgoingtoAlicesRestaurantfordinnerafterwork?—Soundsgood.I________(meet)youtherearoundsix.7.Thomas________(begin)towritewhenhewaseighteen.Tillnow,altogether,he_____________(publish)sevennovels,threecollectionsofshortstoriesandabookofpoetry.8.There________(be)morethanfortypresidentsoftheUnitedStatessinceit________(bee)acountry.,became,willmeet,began,haspublished,havebeen,III.閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。,TheremainsofDorchesterinSummerville,SouthCarolina,containoneofthemostpletearchaeological1.________(record)ofcolonial(殖民時期的)Americaanywhere.Dorchesterdates2.________to1697andwasfoundedbyagroupofNewEnglandPuritans(清教徒).Fornearlyacentury,traders,planters,artisans(skilfulpeoplewhomake,records,back,beautifulthingsbyhand)and3._________(wealth)ownersoflocalplantationslivedinthevillage,4.________eventuallybecameaninlandtradecenteronthenorthsideoftheAshleyRiver.AtthebeginningoftheRevolutionaryWar,Dorchesterbecameafortified(設(shè)防的)Americanpost,5.________(brief)mandedbyFrancisMarion,knownastheSwampFox.TheBritishclaimedthepostnearthewarsend,only6.________(turn),wealthy,toturn,which,briefly,itovertotheAmericansagain.Shortlyafterwards,thevillage7.______________(abandon)andleftinaruinousstateuntilarchaeologicalexcavationsbeganinthe1940s8.________thencontinuedmoreformallyinthe1970s.SouthCarolinastatearchaeologistJonLeadersaysthatColonialDorchester“haseverything.”Thesite9.________(host)publicarchaeologyexcavationsinthespringandfallthatvisitorscanobserveandevenparticipate,hosts,wasabandoned,and,in,andthereis10.________indoorlabthatcanbevisitedinwinterandsummer.Itsalsoagreatsiteforapicnic.,an,