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外文資料
The aggregate machine-tool CAD system development and research
Abstract aggregate machine-tool CAD is in Window 95/98, Wndows under the NT4.0 environment, designs personnel's special-purpose CAD system with VC5.0 and the AutoCAD R14 ADS/ARX technology development face the aggregate machine-tool.This software technological advance, performance reliable, function strong, convenient practical, has provided the modernized design tool for our country aggregate machine-tool profession.
Key word: Aggregate machine-tool CAD jig CAD multi-axle-box CAD
1 uses the aggregate machine-tool CAD technology imperative
The aggregate machine-tool is with according to serialized, the standardized design general part and the special purpose machine which composes according to the work piece shape and the processing technological requirement design special-purpose part, belongs to the disposable design, the disposable manufacture piecework product.Therefore, the design quantity is big, the design work is complex.In the current competition intense market economy, the user to the engine bed technical sophistication, the quality reliability as well as the goods supply cycle all requests very high, but guaranteed these many factors the key is the design. In the past that backward manual design method has not been able to satisfy the product design the request, uses the CAD technology, throws off the chart board, has become the current technological revolution the tidal current, imperative.
2 aggregate machine-tool CAD the application present situation
Overseas aggregate machine-tool CAD technology research starts the comparison early.At the beginning of the 70's, some industry developed country first starts in the multi-axle-box CAD aspect to study. Has entered since in particular for the 90's, along with the computer technology development, the interactive cartography and the database management system and so on the development and the application, causes the aggregate machine-tool CAD technology day by day practical also the use scope expands unceasingly, the developed country has used the CAD technology generally in the aggregate machine-tool design.At present, to CAD/CAM integrative system development.
In recent years, according to us to American several main engine bed factories (BURGMAST, KINGSBURY, companies and so on INGERSOLL LAMB, CINCINNATI, MILACRON, CROSS) the understanding, its CAD technology obtained the universal application. In which most noticeable is INGERSOLL Corporation has 50 interactive CAD workstation composition software and hardware environment, caused it to realize nearly 100% CAD.
On the domestic machine tool design portfolio using CAD understanding earlier. The beginning of the 1970s, Dalian Machine Tool Institute portfolio started on the research in this area of work. 1978 state as a combination of mechanical CAD machine industrial projects, and instructed the Shanghai Jiaotong University. Dalian Machine Tool Institute portfolio, a ministry official in charge of the Institute of Automation, Dalian Polytechnic University, Qinghua University, Beijing University of Technology, Shanghai Institute of mechanical and electrical products and other units to participate in the drilling machine CAD combination of research, This raised our portfolio Machine CAD technology in the district. After 10 years of efforts and achieved initial results.
However, the combination of machine CAD system is 12-27 in VAX II and Micro VAX II on the development, hardware investment, which is difficult to use. By the time the hardware and software environment for the restrictions, narrow scope of application software, users inconvenient.
3 Development portfolio dedicated machine CAD system software CAD technology is the contemporary electronic information technology an important component of , CAD technology to be commercialized as the most important high-tech industries. The supporting software and hardware, on the basis of different industries, different professions secondary development software, developed for the industry, The dedicated professional commercial software can not only make good economic returns, but will make significant social benefits.
"Ninth Five-Year Plan" period state auto industry as a pillar industry of the national economy, for the industry to provide a combination of technologies and equipment to machine tool industry to develop rapidly. Along with the development of the auto industry, machine designed to enhance portfolio quality, shorten the design cycle has become an extremely urgent task. Combined Machine CAD technology and can shorten the design cycle and improve design quality, enterprises in the sector improve its competitive edge, enterprises will bring about significant economic benefits.
Dalian is China's important industrial base, as a combination of Machine Tool Industry Technology and Development Center in Dalian Machine Tool Institute portfolio, industry should play the leading role for the realization of design automation, enhance technological innovation and product competitiveness. promoting our portfolio machine design standards, as soon as possible combination of machine tool industry to provide factory-functional, flexible operation, with a friendly interface, high technological content portfolio Machine CAD software.
4 software with the technical basis for the development of microelectronics
Technology, computer performance has been greatly improved. P II has now dominated the market, P III began listing its CPU performance has been close to the years before the target workstation. Foreign CAD software to the PC Window95/98, Windows NT transplant, such as Pro / Engineer, I-Sui, such as CADDS5. Computer Graphics Accelerator in improving performance, the entity can basically the movement and rotation. PC CAD is a development direction, the corresponding hardware to lower than many workstations. After years of efforts, we use Windows SDK software development technology, Windows environment more dynamic process of technical data exchange (DDE). Database technique (ODBC), Graphics software technology and the development of secondary targets OLE technology (OLE), Development of a generic combination of mechanical CAD and CAD machine integrated CAD system. 5 Combination Machine CAD system software
Portfolio Machine CAD system software using C + + language, in the Windows environment for the development of the combination of machine design parameters of the graphic information management system. Database systems with C + + language independent preparation of the financial database software and operating system parameters graphic systems into one. formed powerful parametric graphic information management system. Modular Machine CAD system including removable fixture CAD system, Modular Machine Automatic Line program 3D CAD graphics system, the total portfolio Machine CAD system, Portfolio Map Machine CAD systems and machine tool's multi-axle box CAD system.
5.1 Combination fixture mechanical CAD system using parametric CAD graphics information management technology and interactive design methods, developed portfolio fixture CAD system, its widespread applicability, practical and promote the use of broad prospects. Combination fixture CAD system, in accordance with its main functions can be divided into four modules : Location Support System CAD system, Clamping CAD system, CAD-oriented systems and devices typical fixture clamping force of the computer-aided analysis and calculation.
5.1.1 Location Support System CAD systems for supporting the system by positioning support, Auxiliary support and spacing element composition. Location Support refers to the processing maintain a certain position workpiece components; Auxiliary support is only for the processing of the rigidity and stability of an activity-supporting components. Building support plate, supporting block, ancillary support, fixed-pin, telescopic pin parametric graphics library and database performance through inquiries Location Support System database, Positioning support amending parameters graphic parameters, the use of interactive design method, positioning support CAD system.
5.1.2 clamping CAD system clamping usually by clamping force, Transmission among agencies and clamping element is composed of three parts. Part of clamping force for the purpose of generating power source, and will pass on the middle forces drive; Middle drive as a Force that is, to change the direction of force and size, which can produce self-locking, to ensure that the processing power source or disappeared, the role of the workpiece in the cutting force despite reliable clamping; Clamping elements to bear by the middle of the drive transmission clamping force, and direct contact with the workpiece clamping action and implementation. Clamping established tank, clamping components, direct clamping bodies, self-locking clamping mechanism parameters of the graphics and performance database, Clamping inquiries by the Performance database changes clamping mechanism parameters graphic parameters, the use of interactive design, Clamping achieve CAD.
5.1.3 device-oriented CAD system installation guide role is to ensure that the tool and workpiece and the tool of inter - The exact location, raising tool system supports rigid. Correct selection, design-oriented devices, assurance of the accuracy and processing of reliable machine plays an important role in the work. Establish a fixed-oriented packages, "roll-forward" - oriented devices, , "roll-forward" device parameters oriented graphics library and database performance through inquiry-oriented device performance database, revised guidance device parameters graphic parameters, the use of interactive design method, CAD-oriented devices.
5.1.4 typical fixture clamping force computer-aided analysis and calculation of the machine to ensure normal reliable working conditions, the clamping force the smaller the better. If blindly increasing the clamping force, which will result in the following consequences : increased fixture drive size; To improve clamping force and linked to the fixture so rigid fixture is too big; increase the clamping of the workpiece in the deformation and effects processing accuracy. Therefore, the right to determine clamping force is important. Typical fixture clamping force computer-aided analysis and calculation : the clamping screw clamping force analysis and calculation Wedge Clamp the clamping force analysis and calculation, the eccentric clamping clamping force analysis and calculation Clamping other agencies clamping force analysis and calculation.
Combination fixture interactive CAD system design methods, the use of flexible, widespread applicability, meet all the technical requirements. Fixture system through the establishment of various components of the graphics library, parts of the parameters of graphics library, Parameter graphics information management system, interactive mapping portfolio fixture.
5.2 Combination Machine automatic alignment options CAD 3D graphics system, the total portfolio Machine CAD system, Portfolio Map Machine CAD System 5.2.1 portfolio automatic alignment machine 3D graphics CAD System The CAD system can automatically determine portfolio machine line, drawing portfolio machine automatically 3D graphics, Universal Machine portfolio management structure and performance parts database. This three part by the three independent process to achieve, Using Windows environment more dynamic process of technical data exchange (DDE). achieving three independent process dynamic data exchange, completed the following types of machine configuration combinations Machine Design : more horizontal axle box processing, multi-axle box vertical machining, multi-axle box tilt-processing, the first Horizontal Boring processing, Boring first vertical machining, boring head tilted machining, drilling the first horizontal machining, drilling the first vertical machining, Drilling of the first tilt-processing, tapping the first horizontal machining, the first vertical machining tapping, tapping the first tilt-processing, Milling of the first horizontal machining, milling head vertical machining, milling machining head tilt.
5.2.2 total portfolio Machine CAD system map total portfolio machine with automatic computer-aided design and human-computer design interactive design methods. Automatic design of the structure from the program to map out the final completion of a one-time, interactive design is user participation, choice of interactive components, models and determine a method of positioning. Combination machine is used by the serialization, standardized generic components and by the shape of the workpiece and the processing requirements of the dedicated parts of dedicated machine, thus Machine features that determine its computer-aided design methods. Its versatility to be completed by the computer, and a dedicated help from computer users to achieve, that is, to avoid the automatic design of the applicability of poor, narrow face design limitations. Total portfolio machine parameters graphic information management system in Windows development environment of a human-machine interactive located Total system, which integrates the Windows SDK technology, Database technology and graphics software secondary development of the ADS technology, engineering design provides a very convenient, Efficient design of the machine tool map. The system is suitable for drilling, expansion joints, and tasty, boring, milling, etc. Tapping Machine processing, machine configuration form of single-position reclining, Li, tilt and composite portfolio machine, mobile work desktop machine combinations, combinations Rotary desktop machine.
5.2.3 Combination Machine CAD system portfolio Map Machine Tool schematic design and adjustment team Machine for the important work of one of the drawings, is to identify combinations machine linked size, composition Machine Drawing the basis for the total. To accomplish drilling and reaming, boring, Reaming, Tapping and milling processes. Portfolio machining complex matrix. According to the development of the last 10 years combined experience in the CAD machine, the automated design, only a few input parameters will be completed portfolio Machining Map software, but the application of the matrix of small, have limitations. Combination Machine Map parameters graphic information management system software, interactive design, the use of flexible, widespread applicability, meet all the technical requirements. Combination Machine Map parameters graphic information management system from the main spindle and then leverage, the guidance sets, Tool database operating systems, the operating system parameters graphics, Interactive mapping system to determine composition and cutting machine usage module four components. Axlebox over
5.3 CAD system more Axlebox CAD system
CAD system more Axlebox CAD system is a specialized application software can be used for drilling and expansion. hinges, milling, drilling and thread offensive attack composite portfolio Machine Tool box design. System for the raw data from the combination of machine design, a plan that is three cards (workpiece map, processing matrix, Machine size map and the associated productivity calculation card), such as spindle coordinates, speed, and on this basis, interactive system to automatically or engaging in various types of work.
5.3.1 Multi-axle box drive system design combination
Multi-axle box drive system design combination of multi-axle box machine drive system is a multi-axis, multi-gear, Multi-time complex transmission system. We have adopted a two-axis, three-axis drive, the basic methodology Transmission is the formation of the two basic methods of connecting continuously portfolio called. The complete transmission module coordinates, various geometric interference checking, transmission components strength check. To achieve optimum transmission purposes (minimum number of drive shaft, gear minimal number), using the following design, as illustrated in figure 1, as shown in Figure 2.
Figure 1 2 shaft gear design Figure 2 triaxial Gear Design Optimization Optimization
0 -- gear shaft has 0 -- have gear shaft
1 -- the new design Gear 1 -- Design new gear
6 Portfolio Machine CAD software operating environment
Software operating environment for the hardware : CPU 486 more, Memory 16 M over all software required disk space 350 M above. Software running the software environment : Windows 95/98, Windows NT 4.0, AutoCAD R14.0 7 Portfolio Machine CAD software has been approved by experts and has a market push 1998
The combination of machine CAD software approved by experts. The software technology advanced, reliable performance, strong function, convenient and practical. China machine tool industry portfolio provides a modern design tools, the technology level of a leading position at home. The software has been designed in modular machine tool manufacturing plant and the professional engaged in internal-combustion engines, Engine production of large and medium-sized enterprises in the design and manufacture of modular machine tool sector wider application. Constant portfolio such as Jiangsu Machine Co., the second machine factory in Baoding, Diesel Co., Shandong Huayuan Levin move Engine Company Limited. Enterprises in the transformation of traditional industries, through the use of CAD technology, the electronic play of the power of information technology, improve the design level, and enhance the company's ability to create and product competitiveness, achieved good economic and social benefits.
中文譯文
組合機(jī)床CAD系統(tǒng)開發(fā)與研究
1 采用組合機(jī)床CAD技術(shù)勢在必行
組合機(jī)床是用按系列化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化設(shè)計(jì)的通用部件和按工件的形狀及加工工藝要求設(shè)計(jì)的專用部件組成的專用機(jī)床，屬于一次性設(shè)計(jì)、一次性制造的單件生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品。因此，設(shè)計(jì)量大，設(shè)計(jì)工作復(fù)雜。在當(dāng)前競爭激烈的市場經(jīng)濟(jì)中，用戶對(duì)機(jī)床的技術(shù)先進(jìn)性、質(zhì)量可靠性以及供貨周期都要求很高，而保證這諸多因素的關(guān)鍵是設(shè)計(jì)。過去那種落后的手工設(shè)計(jì)方法已不能滿足產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)的要求，采用CAD技術(shù)，甩掉圖板，已成為當(dāng)前技術(shù)革命的潮流，勢在必行。
2 組合機(jī)床CAD應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀
國外組合機(jī)床CAD技術(shù)的研究開始得比較早。70年代初，一些工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國家首先在多軸箱CAD方面開始研究。尤其是進(jìn)入90年代以來，隨著計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，交互式繪圖和數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)等的發(fā)展和應(yīng)用，使組合機(jī)床CAD技術(shù)日益實(shí)用且使用范圍不斷擴(kuò)大，發(fā)達(dá)國家在組合機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)中已普遍采用了CAD技術(shù)。目前，正在向CAD/CAM集成系統(tǒng)發(fā)展。
近年來，據(jù)我們對(duì)美國幾個(gè)主要機(jī)床廠家(BURGMAST、KINGSBURY、INGERSOLL LAMB、CINCINNATI、MILACRON、CROSS等公司)的了解，其CAD技術(shù)已得到普遍應(yīng)用。其中最引人注目的是INGERSOLL公司具有50個(gè)交互式CAD工作站組成的軟、硬件環(huán)境，使其實(shí)現(xiàn)了幾乎百分之百的CAD化。
國內(nèi)對(duì)組合機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)采用CAD的認(rèn)識(shí)也比較早。70年代初，大連組合機(jī)床研究所就開始了這方面的研究工作。1978年國家把組合機(jī)床CAD列為機(jī)械工業(yè)重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目，并責(zé)成上海交通大學(xué)、大連組合機(jī)床研究所、機(jī)械部自動(dòng)化研究所負(fù)責(zé)，大連理工大學(xué)、清華大學(xué)、北京工業(yè)大學(xué)、上海機(jī)電產(chǎn)品研究院等單位參加，對(duì)鉆孔組合機(jī)床CAD進(jìn)行了研究，從此揭開了我國組合機(jī)床CAD技術(shù)的序幕。經(jīng)過十多年的努力，取得了初步成果。
但是，組合機(jī)床CAD系統(tǒng)是在VAXⅡ-750和Micro VAXⅡ上開發(fā)的，硬件投資大，不易于推廣應(yīng)用。受當(dāng)時(shí)硬件條件及軟件環(huán)境的限制，軟件適用范圍窄，用戶使用不方便。
3 開發(fā)組合機(jī)床CAD系統(tǒng)專用軟件
CAD技術(shù)是當(dāng)代電子信息技術(shù)的重要組成部分，CAD技術(shù)商品化應(yīng)作為高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)中重中之重。在支撐軟件和硬件的基礎(chǔ)上，針對(duì)不同行業(yè)、不同專業(yè)進(jìn)行軟件二次開發(fā)，開發(fā)出適合本行業(yè)、本專業(yè)的專用商品化軟件，不僅可以取得良好的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，而且會(huì)取得重大的社會(huì)效益。
“九五”期間國家把汽車工業(yè)作為國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)，給汽車工業(yè)提供技術(shù)裝備的組合機(jī)床行業(yè)得以迅速發(fā)展。隨著汽車工業(yè)的發(fā)展，提高組合機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)質(zhì)量、縮短設(shè)計(jì)周期便成為極其迫切的任務(wù)。采用組合機(jī)床CAD技術(shù)，能縮短設(shè)計(jì)周期，提高產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)質(zhì)量，提高企業(yè)在行業(yè)中的競爭力，給企業(yè)帶來顯著的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。
大連是我國重要的工業(yè)基地，作為組合機(jī)床行業(yè)科技開發(fā)中心的大連組合機(jī)床研究所，應(yīng)當(dāng)發(fā)揮行業(yè)的主導(dǎo)作用，為實(shí)現(xiàn)設(shè)計(jì)自動(dòng)化、增強(qiáng)企業(yè)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新能力和產(chǎn)品競爭能力，推動(dòng)我國組合機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)水平，盡快向組合機(jī)床行業(yè)廠提供功能強(qiáng)、操作靈活、界面友好、技術(shù)含量高的組合機(jī)床CAD軟件。
4 開發(fā)軟件的技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)
隨著微電子技術(shù)的發(fā)展，微機(jī)的性能有了很大的提高。現(xiàn)在PⅡ已經(jīng)主導(dǎo)市場，PⅢ開始上市，其CPU性能指標(biāo)已接近幾年前的工作站指標(biāo)。國外CAD軟件向微機(jī)的Window95/98、Windows NT上移植，如Pro/Engineer、Ⅰ-DEAS、CADDS5等。微機(jī)的圖形加速卡性能在提高，基本上能進(jìn)行實(shí)體的移動(dòng)和旋轉(zhuǎn)。微機(jī)CAD是一個(gè)發(fā)展方向，相應(yīng)的硬件比工作站要降低很多。經(jīng)過幾年的努力，我們利用Windows的SDK軟件開發(fā)技術(shù)、Windows環(huán)境下多進(jìn)程間的動(dòng)態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)交換技術(shù)(DDE)、數(shù)據(jù)庫操作技術(shù)(ODBC)、圖形軟件二次開發(fā)技術(shù)及目標(biāo)鏈接與嵌入技術(shù)(OLE)，開發(fā)了集通用機(jī)械CAD和組合機(jī)床CAD于一體的CAD集成系統(tǒng)。
5 組合機(jī)床CAD系統(tǒng)軟件
組合機(jī)床CAD系統(tǒng)軟件采用C＋＋語言，在Windows環(huán)境下開發(fā)的面向組合機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)人員的參數(shù)化圖形信息管理系統(tǒng)。數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)用C＋＋語言獨(dú)立編寫，本軟件融數(shù)據(jù)庫操作系統(tǒng)和參數(shù)化圖形系統(tǒng)于一體，形成功能強(qiáng)大的參數(shù)化圖形信息管理系統(tǒng)。組合機(jī)床CAD系統(tǒng)包括組合機(jī)床夾具CAD系統(tǒng)、組合機(jī)床自動(dòng)線方案三維圖形CAD系統(tǒng)、組合機(jī)床總圖CAD系統(tǒng)、組合機(jī)床加工示意圖CAD系統(tǒng)和組合機(jī)床多軸箱CAD系統(tǒng)。
5.1 組合機(jī)床夾具CAD系統(tǒng)
利用機(jī)械CAD參數(shù)化圖形信息管理技術(shù)和交互設(shè)計(jì)方法，開發(fā)組合機(jī)床夾具CAD系統(tǒng)，其適用面廣、實(shí)用性強(qiáng)、推廣應(yīng)用前景廣闊。組合機(jī)床夾具CAD系統(tǒng)按照其主要功能可分為四大模塊：定位支撐系統(tǒng)CAD系統(tǒng)、夾緊機(jī)構(gòu)CAD系統(tǒng)、導(dǎo)向裝置CAD系統(tǒng)和典型夾具夾緊力的計(jì)算機(jī)輔助分析與計(jì)算。
5.1.1 定位支撐系統(tǒng)CAD系統(tǒng)
定位支撐系統(tǒng)主要由定位