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. 新視野大學(xué)英語(yǔ) 讀寫教程 第 四 冊(cè) 教 案 B4U5 Unit 5 Why culture counts *Teaching Objectives： Students will learn to use English to 1. To talk about a stereotype of Chinese language and culture 2. To further understand the text 3. To apply the phrases and sentence patterns 4. To master the paragraph (essay) writing skill *Time Allotment: each unit 8 classes 1st---2nd classes: Part I Warming up 1. Lead-in : Background introduction and theme-related questions for warming up 2. Understanding of the text: Detailed understanding focus on Reading Strategy including Topic Sentence, Key Words, Logic Words, Reading Clues etc. in order to help students have a better understanding about the passage by asking some questions about it. 3rd--4th classes: Part II Text Study 3. Reading in Depth: Structure Analysis, Summary, Difficult sentences analysis 4. Language Focus: More practice in Language Points (language points explanation, Sentence Patterns, Useful Expressions) 5th—6th classes: Part III Reflection 5. Critical thinking: More speaking practice in discussion related to stereotypes of a foreign country and how to deal with cultural differences. 6. Writing Practice: Essay writing ? A frustrating experience ? An unforgettable experience ?A difficult decision 7th—8th classes: Part IV Assignment 7. Post-reading activities: review words and expressions, role-play, exercises, etc 8. Section B: Focus on fast reading and Practice in reading skill UNIT 5 Section A Speaking Chinese in America Part I Warming up 1. Lead-in: 1) Answer Questions Q1. Some Westerners think that Chinese people tend to avoid saying “no” directly. What are the common ways in which the Chinese express disagreement, rejection or refusal in daily communication? Tips: Chinese people generally use expressions like “possibly no” or “I’m afraid it won’t work” to say “no” to others. This makes them less direct in giving rejections. Q2. Are all Chinese so “discreet and modest” that there aren’t even words for “no”? Tips: No. When people with greater authority or power say “no” to those in a lower status (e.g. parents to children), they can be very direct and straightforward, e. g. “absolutely no”. 2) Listen and talk Listen to a radio program on compliments in American English. Complete the answers to the following questions. Q1. What are the common structures Americans use to compliment each other? (a) What a …! (e.g. “What a nice hat!”) (b) ___________________________________ (Give one structure and one example) Tips: I like your … (e.g. “I like your hat.”) I love your … (e.g. “I love your shoes.”) Q2. Are there any differences between Chinese and American cultures in how people compliment each other and how they respond to a compliment? Tips: Yes, the traditional way is to say something to show that we or the object we own is not that good. For example, we may say “哪里” (meaning “it is nothing”). But in modern days, many people have adopted the English way of responding to a compliment. They say “thank you” very often too. 3) Compound dictation China is casting such a huge __________ on the United States that many Americans are ______________ to learn the Chinese language _____________ retain their competitive edge. “Interest in learning Chinese among American youth and their parents has grown dramatically in the past five years.” said Vivien Stewart, vice president at the Asia Society, a US group trying to __________________ between Americans and the peoples of Asia and the Pacific. China’s dramatic rise to near superpower ________ and its telling effects politically, economically, and ___________ are driving the interest to learn the language, experts say. From _________________ to high schools, studies by the Asia Society show, there is a “rapid rise” in __________ among pupils to study the Chinese language. The Chinese rich cultural traditions and blossoming economy mean that is now ______________ all of our students to be better prepared to engage them and _______ opportunities together,” said Michael Levine, Asia Society’s executive director of education. Keys: shadow, scrambling, in a bid to, bridge the gap, status, culturally, kindergartens, interest, essential for, seize. 2. Cultural Background: Chinese Americans Discuss with your partner the following questions: 1) What does Chinese Americans refer to? Tips: The term “Chinese Americans” refers to Americans of Chinese descent. It also includes those with partial Chinese ancestry. 2) What stereotypes of Chinese Americans are depicted in the media? Tips: Chinese Americans are “foreign” and “unassimilated”. Chinese are alien predators. Chinese Americans are restricted to clichd occupations. Chinese Americans are polite. Chinese Americans as a whole are a model minority. 3) What are the popular columns in the history of the New York Times Magazine? Tips: Some of the popular columns in the history of the magazine are “On Language”, “The Ethicist”, “Consumed”, and “The Funny Pages”. Part II Text Study 1. Global Reading: Tips for Reading: A Good Reader should 1) Try to become an active reader. 2) Learn to ask more questions. ( what, why, how) 3) Do the efficient reading. (key points, topic sentence, key words, locating words, necessary and sufficient ) 4) Develop a habit of marking during reading. 1.1 Answer Questions 1) Why did the author’s mother describe her Sau-sau by using the expression “nominal courtesy” at the dinner? (Para.1) Tips: She just pretended to be polite. (ate up the dish in the end; although she didn’t want it at first.) 2) When the author’s mother offered the last scallop from the garlic seafood dish, Sau-sau’s response: (Para.2) Tips: 3) What did the author’s mother suggest as the right way for the Chinese to respond at the dinner table in America? (Para. 8) Tips: They say directly whether they want to have anything or not. They would rather than refuse for the sake of politeness even if they in fact want to eat it. 4) How did the article in The New York Times Magazine describe Chinese language and culture? (Para.10) Tips: It said that Chinese language and culture were very indirect and polite. 5) Why did the author’s parents scold her when she answered them with a question? (Paras.13-17) Tips: They thought that she was not respectful if she questioned them. 6) In Paragraph 21, the author mentions how an outside observer might view Chinese people by just listening to her mother speak. Why does she discuss this? Tips: To support her opinion that to understand the difference between languages and behavior just through literal translation may lead to wrong generalizations. 7) What did the author worry? (Para. 22) Tips: See Chinese people from a limited perspective; Lead to actual intolerance and few Chinese in top management positions; The power of language. 8) How does the author feel about the description of Chinese people as being “modest and polite”? (Para. 24) Tips: She feels that it is annoying because such a description does not express new ideas, honest emotions or considered thought. 9) According to the text, how do Chinese people say “yes” or “no” when answering questions? (Para. 28) Tips: Saying something specific to what is asked because there is no one word in Chinese for “yes” or “no”. Referring directly to the proposition being asserted or denied. 1.2 Structure Analysis: 1.3 Summary Once, at a dinner, my mother whispered to me confidentially: “Sau-sau pretends too hard to be a polite __________! Why bother with such nominal ___________? In the end, she always takes everything.” My mother no longer patient with old taboos and courtesies. I read an article in The New York Times Magazine, where the author mentioned that the interwoven _______________ of Chinese language and culture renders its speech indirect and polite. Chinese people are so “_________ and modest”, that there aren’t even words for “yes” and “no”. If I consider my upbringing carefully, I find there was nothing discreet about the Chinese language I grew up with, no ____________ for the sake of politeness. Having listened to both Chinese and English, I’m ______________ comparisons between the two languages, as I notice the reciprocal challenges they each present. Even more dangerous is the temptation to view the _____ between different languages and behavior in translation. There is no one word for “yes” or “no”, but not _________________ to be discreet. ____________, I would say the Chinese equivalent of answering “yes” or “no” is specific to what is asked. Keys: recipient, courtesy, configuration, discreet, censorship, suspicious of, gulf, out of necessity, If anything. 2. Language Focus: 2.1 Practical Phrases 1). be attached to: 與……有聯(lián)系 舉例: 不要擔(dān)心，因?yàn)檫@僅是意外，學(xué)生不應(yīng)該受到指責(zé)。 譯文：Don’t worry because it was an accident and no blame is attached to students. 2). on the side: 作為副業(yè)；作為兼職 舉例: 她的丈夫是個(gè)醫(yī)生，業(yè)余時(shí)間做些雕塑。 譯文: Her husband is a doctor who makes sculptures on the side. 3). get / come to the point: 切入主題 舉例: 我們時(shí)間不多，所以我就直入主題吧。 譯文: We don’t have much time, so I’ll come straight to the point. 4). hedge … in with / by …：以……限制某人（的自由、機(jī)會(huì)等）； 包圍；圍住 舉例: 很明顯，政客們通常受到本身利益的制約。 譯文: It is clear that politicians are often hedged in with their own interests. 5). be representative of: 有代表性的；代表……的 舉例: 這些短篇小說(shuō)代表了20世紀(jì)具有主導(dǎo)性的文學(xué)主題。 譯文: These short stories are representative of the dominant literary themes of the 20th century. 6). if anything: 如果有什么不同；甚至正相反；甚至還不如說(shuō) 舉例: 小明看上去對(duì)輸?shù)舯荣惒⒉皇翘Ｏ喾?，他好像因?yàn)楸荣惗家呀Y(jié)束而感到如釋重負(fù)。 譯文: Xiao Ming didn’t seem too disappointed at losing. If anything, he seemed relieved that it was all over. 2.2 Functional Patterns 1). 原文：Why bother with such nominal courtesy? 譯文：何必費(fèi)勁講究形式上的客套呢？ 功能：用于含蓄地表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)。 句型：why + v. / n. / prep. phrase 舉例：你可以在電腦上看電視節(jié)目，何必費(fèi)勁買個(gè)電視機(jī)呢？ 譯文：You can watch TV programs on the computer, so why a television? 2). 原文：If I consider my upbringing carefully, I find there was nothing discreet about the Chinese language I grew up with. 譯文：仔細(xì)想想自己的成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程，我發(fā)現(xiàn)，我從小到大所接觸到的中文并不是什么特別謹(jǐn)慎的語(yǔ)言。 功能：用于表達(dá)“通過(guò)個(gè)人經(jīng)歷而形成的對(duì)某人/事的正確認(rèn)識(shí)”。 句型：If I consider my upbringing carefully, I find there was nothing discreet / difficult about sth. / sb. I grew up with…. 舉例：仔細(xì)想想自己的成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程，我發(fā)現(xiàn)，我從小到大所接觸到的英文并不是什么特別難的語(yǔ)言。 譯文：If I consider my upbringing carefully, I find there was nothing difficult about the English language I grew up with. 3). 原文：At this junction, I do agree in part with The New York Times Magazine article. 譯文：在這一點(diǎn)上，我的確在某種程度上同意《紐約時(shí)報(bào)雜志》的那篇文章。 句型：At this junction, I do agree in part with sth. 功能：用于表達(dá)“部分認(rèn)同”。 舉例：在這一點(diǎn)上，我的確在某種程度上同意女孩要富養(yǎng)的理念。 譯文：At this junction, I do agree in part with the idea that daughters should be raised in richness and happiness. 3. Language Application: Essay Writing: Write a narrative with direct dialog A narrative essay tells a story. Important elements that make up a story include a setting (the location), a theme (the basic idea), a mood (the feeling or atmosphere), characters (people), and a plot (the sequence of events). One way to present these elements is to use dialog. A good narrative essay often employs vivid dialog, through which it can bring characters to life and effectively arouse readers’ emotional responses. When writing direct dialog, we should follow the standard conventions of punctuation and formatting. The basic principles are as follows: 1. Use quotation marks to indicate the exact words spoken by characters. 2. Begin a new paragraph whenever the speaker changes. 3. Make sure readers always know who is speaking. Dialog tags (e.g. “He said”) are sometimes used to identify the speaker. 4. Use correct punctuation marks and capitalization. Example: “Clean up your room,” Mother said, “or you’re not going to the movie!” Jim shouted, “That’s not fair! It’s Ben’s room too!” “Ben will be home later to take care of his half. Now, are you going to get started?” Mother scolded. “I guess so,” muttered Jim. “Why doesn’t Ben ever have to do anything around here?” “He does plenty,” Mother said. Jim said, “I never see him do much of anything but study.” “Well,” answered Mother, “you’re never around very much.” 寫作練習(xí) Directions: Write a narrative essay of no less than 200 words on one of the following topics. Your essay should include one or more direct dialogs. One topic has an outline that you can follow. Part III Reflection 1. Critical Thinking: 1.1 Questions 1) Do you know of any stereotype of a foreign country, its people, or its language? Have you ever met anyone who either fits or contradicts this image, and in what way? Tips: ?Yes. French people are romantic, and the French language is beautiful; Italians are fashionable, and Italy has the best cuisine in the world. I have watched many movies in which French people are indeed romantic, although I have never met any French in person. A common scene in the movies is that a French man gives flowers to his girlfriend or wife, or two persons meet by chance and fall in love quickly. ? No. I think people in different countries or cultures of the world have more similarities than differences. For instance, we all consider such values as honesty, diligence and patriotism important qualities of being a good man or a good citizen. Hence, I think there are no essential differences between peoples or cultures, and I don’t have any stereotype of any foreign country, its people, or its language. 2) If you are going to live in a foreign country for a number of years, what would you prefer to do: to adapt your behavior and manners to the culture of that country, or to stick to the norms of your own culture? Tips: ? I will try to adapt my habits to local norms. For example, I will follow their rules of dining, body language and gift giving. ? I would prefer to maintain Chinese traditions. Modern people value cultural diversity, so, I think people of the foreign country I live in will respect my choice. 2.2 Watch & discuss Watch a video clip and discuss the following question: What would you suggest as good ways for people to avoid misunderstandings of foreign cultures? Tips: ? Look for information about those cultures; ? Visit foreign countries, which will enable us to experience their cultures in person and understand them better; ? Make friends with foreigners who are traveling or are living in our country; Communicating with them in daily life will help us know their customs. 2. Review: Part IV Assignment 1. Words & Phrases: Review all the words and practice translation and make at least 2 sentences with useful expressions. 2. Writing Practice: More practice in paragraph writing ? A frustrating experience ? An unforgettable experience ?A difficult decision .