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. Chapter 1 Ancient Greek Culture 1. How did Zeus punish Prometheus for stealing fire from him? 【宙斯如何懲罰盜火的普羅米修斯？】P 6 Prometheus was chained to a mountain ,an eagle would devour his liver ,and his liver would grow out the next day before the eagle came to devour it again. (普羅米修斯被鎖鏈鎖在一座山上，他的肝臟被一只鷹吞噬，而他的肝臟又會(huì)在第二天，那只鷹來吃之前長出來） 2. What does the phrase “Achilles’ heel” refer to? 【“阿基里斯之踵”指的是什么呢？】P 12 Achilles is the bravest and strongest of the Greek warriors in the Trojan War,and his heel is his only weakness,now use the word Achilles’ heel to describe ones only weakness. (阿基里是特洛伊戰(zhàn)爭中一個(gè)最勇敢最強(qiáng)壯的戰(zhàn)士，后腳跟是他唯一的缺點(diǎn)，現(xiàn)在用這個(gè)詞來形容一個(gè)人唯一的缺點(diǎn)） 3. What is the name of the mountain where the ancient Greeks believed their gods lived? 【古希臘人認(rèn)為他們的神住在哪座山上？】P 6 Mount Olympia (奧林匹亞山） 4. Who is the god of the underworld? 【陰間的神是誰？】P 8 Hades(哈迪斯——冥王） 5. Which battle in ancient Greece started from the apple of discord? 【古希臘開戰(zhàn)的禍根？】P13 The Trojan War(特洛伊戰(zhàn)爭） 6. What are the primary symbols of the sea god Poseidon? 【海神波塞冬的主要標(biāo)志？】P 8 His weapon，trident（他的武器，三叉戟） 7. What is the psychological term coined by Sigmund Freud based on the Greek mythological character Oedipus? 【什么心理學(xué)詞匯是西格蒙德弗洛伊德根據(jù)希臘神話人物俄狄浦斯所創(chuàng)造的? 】 P 14 Oedipus complex（戀母情結(jié)） 8. Who was considered by Aristotle to be the first philosopher in Greek tradition? 【誰是亞里士多德認(rèn)為的希臘傳統(tǒng)上第一位哲♂學(xué)家】P 15 Thales（泰利斯） 9. In Greek mythology, Prometheus普羅米修斯 made human beings out of clay（粘上）, taught man how to survive in the harsh（嚴(yán)酷的） environment and stole fire from heaven for the benefit of man. 10.Apollo 阿波羅 is the sun-god and the god of music and poetry. 11. Artemis（阿耳特彌斯）, also known as Diana戴安娜, is the goddess of moon, wild animals, the hunt, vegetation, chastity and childbirth. 12. Athena雅典娜 is the goddess of war, handicraft and wisdom. 13. Aphrodite阿佛洛狄忒is the goddess of beauty and love, better known by her Roman name Venus維納斯. 14. Eros is the son of Venus, better known by his Roman name Cupid丘比特_. 15. Hermes赫爾墨斯is the god of thieves（蒂費(fèi)斯小偷）, travelers and merchants. He is often depicted with a pair of winged sandals有翅膀的涼鞋哈哈哈 and a winged cap（有翅膀的帽子看上去好傻啊哈哈哈），which enable him to travel swifter than sight. 16. Identify who each of the following descriptions is referring to. P 14-22 1) The greatest of ancient Greek epic poets, he is the author of the Iliad and Odyssey. （這個(gè)人是古希臘的偉大詩人，寫過《伊利亞特》和《奧德賽》） B.荷馬不是河馬 2) This philosopher was the teacher of Alexander the Great and set up his own school---named---Lyceum.（這個(gè)人擔(dān)任過亞歷山大大帝的老師，還建立了“學(xué)會(huì)”） A.亞里士多德 3) For this philosopher everything was related to mathematics and numbers were the ultimate reality. He influenced Plato and discovered a theorem that was named after him. D.畢達(dá)哥拉斯_ 4) This philosopher was the teacher of Plato and the protagonist of Plato’s dialogues. _E.蘇格拉底 5) This philosopher and student of Socrates founded the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world. C.柏拉圖 A. Aristotle B. Homer C. Plato D. Pythagoras E. Socrates Chapter 3 Food 1. What can the word “salad” mean? And the phrase “salad days”? 【“沙拉”是什么？“沙拉時(shí)光”又是什么？】 P77 Salad，a mixture of foods,consisting of chopped vegetables,meat,seafood and so on. Salad days, means a youthful time. (沙拉是一種混合食物，包含了切碎的菜，肉，海鮮之類的；沙拉時(shí)光指的是年輕的歲月） 2. When can salad be served during a meal? 【沙拉可以在那一餐上吃呢？】P78 Salads may be served at any point during a meal(沙拉在什么時(shí)候都可以吃） 3. Can you name some kinds of salad and explain them? What is the difference between green salads and vegetable salads? 【你能舉一些沙拉品種的例子并且解釋它們嗎？綠色沙拉和蔬菜沙拉有什么區(qū)別嗎？】 P78 Side salads,a kind of side dish;Entree salads,as the main dishes.We can add some meat, fish in green salads, but not in vegetables salads.(配菜沙拉，一種配菜；主菜沙拉，充當(dāng)主菜；我們可以在綠色沙拉里面加魚加肉 ，但不在蔬菜沙拉中加） 4. What are salad dressings? What are the three basic types of salad dressing applied in Western culture? Please give some examples of each type. 【沙拉醬是什么？西方文化中的三大主要沙拉醬是什么？請舉例】 P79 They are sauces for salads.The three basic types of salads dressing are vinaigrette,creamy dressing and cooked dressing.(他們是沙拉的醬汁。三大主要沙拉醬是指醋，奶油醬和烹飪調(diào)料） 5. What is a typical cheese making process composed of? 【典型乳酪的制作過程】P81 Preparing the milk,separating the curds from the whey,pressing the curds,aging the cheese,wrapping natural cheese,and making and wrapping the processed cheese.(準(zhǔn)備牛奶，從乳清中擴(kuò)散凝乳，壓凝乳，乳酪熟化，包裝自然乳酪和制作并包裝成品乳酪） 6. What are the eight cheese families? 【八大乳酪家族？】 P81 Fresh cheese,Bloomy rind cheese,Natural rind cheese,Blue-veined cheese,Uncooked pressed cheese,Cooked pressed cheese and Processed cheese.(白乳酪，花皮軟質(zhì)奶酪，水洗軟質(zhì)奶酪 ，壓縮未熟奶酪 ，藍(lán)（青）紋奶酪 ，壓縮成熟奶酪， 山羊奶酪和 融化奶酪（再制干酪））順序按百度的資料而定 7. When is the National Sandwich Day/Month in America? What is the main purpose of the celebration?【美國的國家三明治日在什么時(shí)候？慶祝的主要目的是？】 P82 November 3；The main purpose is to call people’s attention to the convenience,versatility and nutrition of sandwiches,(十一月3號；主要目的是讓人關(guān)注三明治的便捷，多功能和營養(yǎng)） 8. What can the word “spaghetti” mean? And where does the phrase “spaghetti genre（類型） of films” originate from? 【“意大利面”是什么東西？短語“意大利面類型的電影”來自何處？】P84 Spaghetti is one type of pasta that is loved throughout the world.And the phrase “spaghetti genre of films”can be used to describe something that is complicated or tangled. Most of these films were produced and directed by Italians.(意大利面s是意大利面p的一種類型，被全世界熱愛?！耙獯罄骖愋偷碾娪啊边@句短語是指錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的電影，這些電影通常由意大利人編導(dǎo)） 9. What can the word “turkey” evoke（喚起） and why? 【“火雞”這個(gè)詞是怎么叫開的？為什么？】P85 Images of family, friends celebration and giving thanks since turkey has been associated（相關(guān)的） with holidays such as Thanksgiving and Christmas for a long time.（很長一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，在家庭聚會(huì)，朋友們慶祝的時(shí)候，例如感恩節(jié)和圣誕節(jié)，都有火雞的身影） 10. When is the season to for enjoying turkey? 【享用火雞的季節(jié)？】 P85 November（十一月） 11. What is the turkey viewed as? 【火雞被視為什么？】P85 An icon of America and symbol of freedom（美國的圖標(biāo)與自由的象征哈哈哈！火雞居然是自由的象征哈哈哈！還是美國的圖標(biāo)哈哈哈~~~~~~） 12. What is a full course dinner made up of? 【一個(gè)完整的晚餐流程？】P88 Appetizer, main (meat) course and dessert.（開胃菜，主菜和小吃） 13. What is the simple rule to order the wine? 【點(diǎn)酒次序的簡單規(guī)則？】P88 White wine for white meat such as fish and chicken and red wine for red meat such as beef.（白酒配白肉，如魚啊，雞啊這類；紅酒配紅肉，如牛肉） Chapter 4 Customs I. Birthday（P102） 1. Traditionally, on the day when a baby is born, girls are dressed in pink and boys in blue.(按傳統(tǒng)，參加一個(gè)孩子的出生日時(shí)，女孩穿粉衣服，男孩穿藍(lán)衣服） 2. To celebrate the newly born, the father would use cigars雪茄 as gifts in the past, but nowadays, people will choose Tootsie Rolls蛋卷 or candy cigars糖果雪茄. 3. Naming ceremonies命名儀式, christenings洗禮, infant baptisms嬰兒洗禮 and dedications奉獻(xiàn)禮 are the main events for the member of the family. 4. On birthday, usually the birthday person cuts the initial（最初的） piece of the cake and gets ____ piece of it. A. the first √ B. the last C. the middle 5. As for present giving（禮品贈(zèng)送）, the present is _____. A. given to the birthday person face-to-face B. given to the birthday person from the behind C. held over（推遲） the birthday person’s head.√→p103，第三行 6. Some family celebrations are raucous（喧鬧的）. Please match the Column A with B according to their customs.（讓A與對應(yīng)的B匹配） A. country B. customs Canada The friends and family of the birthday person take him by the arms and legs, and bump him up into the air and down onto the floor. Argentina（阿根廷） The birthday person is punched （穿孔）according to his age, plus one for good luck. UK The birthday person has his earlobes pulled. 7. Some birthdays mark certain milestone（里程碑） ages. For, a Jewish （猶太）boy, it is the 13th birthday; for a Jewish girl, it is 12th. For girls in the US may be allowed to _have their ears pierced in honor of their 13th birthday在13歲打耳洞. On their _16th_ birthday, children in America may get_a car of their own.(美國小孩在她們十六歲生日的時(shí)候還可能會(huì)得到一輛車） 8. What are usually used to decorate（裝修）the house at birthday party? 【什么在生日會(huì)上經(jīng)常用來裝扮房子？】 p102 Balloons,streamers and confetti.(氣球，飄帶和五彩紙屑） II. Baptism（洗禮/嚴(yán)峻考驗(yàn)）←p104 1. How to baptize, generally speaking【總的來說，如何洗禮？】? 2. As for infant baptism, which of the following statements are true, which are false? 1). Only the parents of the infant come to the rite（儀式/慣例）. 2). A golden baptism dress is prepared for the baby.√ 3). Photographs and videos（影像資料） are forbidden during the baptism. 4). At the moment of baptism, the priest（牧師） utters （說出）the words “ God bless you, Amen!”√ 5). The christening gown （洗禮儀式禮服）may also be handed down form generation to generation if it is well kept.√ 6). Catholics（天主教徒，不是巧克力） believe that babies are born in sin（罪）.√ 7). From the Protestant（新教） view, infant baptism is a promise made by the parents that the parents will raise it in a godly （神圣的）home and bring it to church services.√ III. Courtship and Marriage→p107 A). Courtship（求愛）and engagement（訂婚） 1. In the West, when a man and a woman date, _____. A. the man always pay the bill B. the woman usually pay her own way during the day.√ 2. When should a man pay the bill? 3. If the couple of lovers are going into marriage, the man should make a proposal （建議）by _____ to the woman. A. giving a house B. giving a bunch of flowers C. giving a car D. giving a ring√ 4. Generally speaking, who will declare（聲明） the engagement and wedding notice ? The bride’s parents.(新娘的父母將會(huì)在訂婚和婚禮儀式上進(jìn)行聲明） 5. Traditionally, the wedding fees should be paid by the bride’s family_. 6. Traditionally, the fees of the rehearsal(彩排） feast（盛宴） and other accessories（配件/輔助程序） should be paid by the groom’s family.（彩排，盛宴和輔助程序的費(fèi)用由新郎家出） 7. Traditionally wedding gifts should be _a favorite item to the couple_ and _it should be practial and not expensive_.(傳統(tǒng)的新婚禮品應(yīng)當(dāng)是新人喜歡的形式，并且要實(shí)用且不貴的） 8. At the night before the wedding, the groom-to-be often feted（盛情款待） with a stag（全是男人的）party while the bride-to-be have _hen_party.（在婚禮前一晚，準(zhǔn)新郎會(huì)被邀請去男人趴體，而準(zhǔn)新娘會(huì)被邀請去女人趴體）→p108 B). Wedding 1. Modern (現(xiàn)代的）wedding customs and traditions can be dated back to the Middle Ages.(現(xiàn)代婚禮習(xí)俗的傳統(tǒng)可以追隨到中世紀(jì)） 2. As for the reason of holding wedding ceremony, there are three explanations. What are they?（關(guān)于舉行婚禮儀式的三個(gè)說明） Bringing the couple good luck,bring many children,permanent love and lifelong devotion.(好運(yùn)，孩子，愛和永恒你mb！） 不確定 3. For the dressing during the wedding, the traditional custom is Sth old,sth new,sth borrowed,sth blue. 不確定 4. Would you please tell us the dressing code（代碼/密碼） of the bride and groom and their symbolic meaning?（新人禮服的密碼和秘密？什么鬼？？？？） 5. Would you please translate the following terms into Chinese? 1). bridesmaids 伴娘 2). the best man 最佳人選 3). Pages侍候 4). Ushers招待員 5). maid of honor伴娘 6). Groomsmen伴郎7). the flower girl 女花童8). the ringbearer男花童 9).juniorbridesmaid初級伴娘 6. Noisy celebrations are held to try to drive the evil spirits away from the community. How do people do usually? 7. Why do bride wear veils in wedding? p109 8. Give 3 examples of practice in a traditional wedding? p109 C). The wedding ceremony 1. Please draw a draft of how to seat correctly during the wedding ceremony. 2. The bride entourage is often composed of ______, ________, ______, and ______ and ______. 3. Please rearrange the following statements and make a correct process of wedding. 1). the bride and groom face a cleric or judge who conducts the service. 2). the usher escorts the grandparents of the bride and groom and seat them, and the mothers of the bride and groom.. 3). the bride will enter and take her walk down the aisle wither her father who leads her. 4). the maid or matron of honor will come in. 5). the bridesmaid will enter escorted by the groomsmen. 6). the ring bearer enters, followed by or together with the flower girl. 7). the couple exchanges vows and promises. 8). the couple signs the wedding register. 9). the couple exchange rings. 10). guests throw flower petals, rice, or confetti over the couple. 4. When the couple exchange rings, _____. A. the bride places the ring on the left hand, the groom the right hand. B. the bride paces the ring on the right hand, the groom the left hand. C. bother of them place the rings on the left hand. 5. What’s the symbolic meaning of the ring? D). Funeral 1. Decide whether the following statements true or false. 1). The place of burial for the Jews could be anywhere they like. 2). Once, the ancient Greeks were buried somewhere in their own town. 3). For the Romans, they didn’t have the habit of building tombs for themselves during their lifetime. 4). In Australia, people would bury the deceased with a wooden plate resting on his chest with a little earth and salt in it. 5). The corpse of Jewish is displayed during the funerals. 6). Meals or gatherings are forbidden after the funerals. 2. What are the three parts of funeral rituals? 3. What’ the burial etiquette mentioned in the passage? E). Lost Teeth 1. What do children in the west do after they lose their teeth? p105 Chapter 5 Festivals 1. What is the oldest film festival in the world? P142 2. What are the Europe’s leading film festivals? P142 3. What are the awards of each festival? P142-144 When is Mother’s Day and Father’s Day mostly known in US? P135 5. For the festival of “Passover,” what did the Israelites do to let God pass over them to protect the firstborn boys at home? (p.134) 6. Why “Mother’s Day” is named in a singular possessive form, not plural? (p.135) 7. What festival in the western culture is synonymous with our Ghost Month of July in Chinese lunar calendar? A: Halloween. (136) 8. When is Halloween? p136 9. What is the popular story about the origin of Valentine’s Day? p133 10. What are the 3 best-known international film festivals in Europe? 11. What kinds of celebrations will be hold during the Easter day? (p.134) 12. What is the history background of Thanksgiving Day? (p.137) 13. How did people celebrate Christmas Day? (p.127-128) 填空題 Traditional western festivals can be vaguely categorized into ________ festival and secular festival. P132 Passover is one of the most significant Christian festivals in remember of the event lord led Israelites to escape from ________ where they were confined as ________. P133 Easter day is the annual festival commemorating the resurrection of ________. P134 Mother’s day originated from an ancient Greek ritual which was to respect the mother of gods, ________. As time goes by, red ________ become the symbol of a living mother while white ones for one’s mother passed away. P135 Father’s day is observed on ________ in the US to compliment fatherhood and male parenting. P 135 Bonfire night is a British festival that takes place on the 5th of November. It originated from a ________ the Gunpowder plot---a group of catholic conspirator aimed to blow up the ________in Westminster, London. P 136 Thanksgiving Day is an American holiday on the ________ of each November. P136 It is the ________ that first celebrated Christmas in 336AD. P137 .