《《語法復習虛擬語氣》.ppt》由會員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《《語法復習虛擬語氣》.ppt（60頁珍藏版）》請在裝配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

虛擬語氣,Definition,陳述語氣（theIndicativeMood）用來陳述一個事實，或提出一個想法，有肯定、否定、疑問或感嘆等形式。,Thefishisnotalivewithoutwater.,虛語語氣（theSubjunctiveMood）表示說話人的一種愿望、建議、命令、要求、有時是一種非真實的假設(shè)、料想，或是不可能實現(xiàn)的與事實相反的愿望。,1.虛擬語氣的考點1、條件句中的虛擬語氣的用法；2、條件句中虛擬語氣的倒裝；3、名詞性從句中虛擬語氣的用法；4、幾種特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中虛擬語氣的用法；5、虛擬語氣與陳述語氣的判定。,,if引導的虛擬條件句,區(qū)別:,Ifitrainstomorrow,thecropswillbesaved.陳述語氣,Ifitrainedtomorrow,thecropswouldbesaved.虛擬語氣,If+主+did(were),主+would/should/could/might+動詞原形,IfIwereyou,Iwouldtryitagain.,1.如果我是你，我會再試一次。,2.如果我有一百萬美元，我會買下這架飛機。,IfIhadonemilliondollars,Iwouldbuytheplane.,與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬條件句,If+主+haddonesth,主+would/should/could/might+動詞完成式（havedone）,Ifhehadworkedhard,hewouldhavepassedtheexamination.,1.如果他努力學的話，他就通過這次考試。,IfIhadfollowedhisadvice,Iwouldn’thavemadesuchmistake.,2.要是當時我接受他的建議，那我就不會犯那樣的錯誤。,與過去事實相反的虛擬條件句,與將來事實相反的虛擬條件句(通常有時間狀語),Ifhecameheretomorrow,Iwouldtellhimaboutit.,Ifheweretocomeheretomorrow,Iwouldtellhim.,1.如果他明天來的話,我會告訴他這件事.,2.如果他明天來的話,我會告訴他.,If+主+did(wereto/shoulddo),主+would/should/could/might+動詞原形,Ifyou__________tomorrow,you_________findthenewmanagerworkingintheoffice.,A.shouldcome;wouldB.wouldcome;wouldC.willcome;shouldD.comes;might,Iftheparents______atthehospitalearlieraftertheaccident,thechildwouldhavebeensaved.,A.arrivesB.arriveC.hadarrivedD.hasarrived,,,Ifhe_________he___________thatfood.,,Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.,A.waswarned;wouldnothavetakenB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken,Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe__________,shewouldhavemetmybrother.,A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome,Ifmylawyer_______herelastSunday,he_______mefromgoing.,A.hadbeen;wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen;wouldpreventC.were;wouldpreventD.were;wouldhaveprevented,,,倒裝的If虛擬句,,條件狀語的倒裝：,如果條件狀語中有were,had,shouldcould時,可以倒裝成：Were/Should/Had/could+主+其他,WereIyou,Iwouldtryitagain.,Hadhebeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm.,Shoulditsnowtomorrow,wewouldn’tgoout.,IfIwereyou,Iwouldtryitagain.,Ifhehadbeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm.,Ifitshouldsnowtomorrow,wewouldn’tgoout.,,,,,_________theexam,hewouldhaveattendacollege.,A.IfhepassedB.HadhepassedC.WerehepassedD.Ifheshouldpass,_______fiveminutesearlier,youcouldhaveseenthemoff.,A.IfyoushouldarriveB.IfyouarriveC.HadyouarrivedD.Shouldyouarrive,________itraintomorrow,weshouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheScienceMuseum.,A.WereB.shouldC.wouldD.will,,wish引導的虛擬句,,IwishIrememberedtheaddress.,我要是記得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）,HowIwishhehadnotleft.,要是他沒有離開這里就好了。（他已離開）,Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.,要是明天下雨就好了。（說話人以預料明天不會下雨）,wish+thatHowIwishIfonly,,did/were現(xiàn)在,haddone過去,would/might/woulddo將來,5.Ifonly(1)…要是就好了=IwishIfonlyIknewhisnamenow!Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvicelasttime!IfonlyIcouldseehimagainnextyear!,要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。,Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus!,IfonlyIhadn’tmissedthetrain!,要是我沒錯過火車就好了.,Exercises:,“HaveyouvisitedtheScienceMuseum?”“No,butIreallywishI_______.”,A.hadB.didC.haveD.will,Ididn’tgototheparty,butIdowishI_____there.,A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.went,IwishI_________youyesterday.,A.seeB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretosee,,-----Heisabraveman.-----Yes,IwishI_________hiscourage.,A.HaveB.hadC.willhaveD.wouldhave,Tomcantakehiscarapartandputitbacktogetheragain.Icertainlywishhe_____mehow.,A.teachesB.willteachC.hastaughtD.wouldteach,Thepictureexhibitionboredmetodeath.IwishI___________toit.,A.hadn’tgoneB.haven’tgoneC.didn’tgoD.couldnothavegone,HowIwishI__________that!Everybodypresentwasangrywithme.,A.didn’tgoB.hadn’tdoneC.wouldn’tdoD.wasn’tdoing,,asif/though,區(qū)別：,,{,HespeaksEnglishasif/thoughheisfromtheUSA.陳述語氣,HespeaksEnglishasif/thoughhewerefromtheUSA.虛擬語氣,,2.asif/though+Clause,,現(xiàn)在：過去：將來:,did/were(現(xiàn)在),haddone(過去),Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.HespeaksasifhehadbeentotheUnitedStates.,would+動詞原形(將來),虛擬語氣SubjunctiveMood,,evenif/though,wish,,ifonly等從句的虛擬與它相同。,如果我是你，我就聽從他的建議。,IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavetakenhisadvice.,從句表示現(xiàn)在，主句表示過去,如果你聽我的話，現(xiàn)在就不會這么糟糕了。,從句表示過去，主句表示現(xiàn)在,如果這些天一直沒下雨，我們現(xiàn)在可以進行工作了。,從句表過去進行，主句表現(xiàn)在進行,Ifyouhadlistenedtome,youmightnotbeinsuchtroublenow.,Ifithadn’tbeenrainingthosedays,weshouldbegoingonwiththeworks.,注意:主從句時間不一致情況下的虛擬語氣(混合條件句):有時條件從句中的動作和結(jié)果與主句中的動作，發(fā)生的時間不一致，這時動作的形式應根據(jù)它所表示的時間加以調(diào)整。,Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbeabletofinishtheworknow.如果你當時聽了我的話，現(xiàn)在就能完成這份工作了。（從句說明過去，主句說明現(xiàn)在。）IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty.如果我是你，我就去參加她的生日晚會了。（從句說明現(xiàn)在，主句說明過去。）,Ifyouhadn’tlentmesomemoney,Icouldn’thaveboughtthenewhouseandmostlikelyIwouldbestilllivinginthedangeroushousenow.假若你不借錢給我，我不可能買下這幢新房，很可能現(xiàn)在還住在危房里。（從句說明過去，主句說明過去和現(xiàn)在。）,,名詞性從句中要求用虛擬語氣的動詞,suggest,order,demand,propose,command,request,desire,insist,require,adviceetc.引導的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣，以(should)+v原的形式出現(xiàn)。,Weallsuggestthathe(should)finishhishomeworkfirst.,Thecaptaincommandedthatallthesailors(should)getdowntoworkatonce.,It’ssuggested(ordered,demanded,proposed,commanded,requested,desired,insisted,required)that…后面的主語從句中要使用虛擬語氣，也以(should)+v原.的形式出現(xiàn)。,It’sorderedthatonlyGerman(should)betaughtatschoolsinAlsasandLorin.,,,It’srequestedthatallthestudents(should)wearschooluniformsatschool.,,,5.表示要求，命令，建議的虛擬語氣。,賓語從句。常見動詞：一個堅持，兩個命令，三個建議，四個要求。即1.insist2.order,command3.advise,suggest,propose4.demand,require,request,desire這些動詞后面的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣用法。即從句中的動詞使用should+動詞原形，或者將should省略。,以上這些動詞的名詞形式后面的表語從句和同位語從句中也要用虛擬語氣，也應以(should)+v原.的形式出現(xiàn)。,Mysuggestionisthatyou(should)gohomefirstbeforecominghere.,Hisrequestthathiscost(should)bepaidbythehouriscompletelyreasonable.,Theordercamethatthework(should)befinishedtwodaysaheadoftime,Myadviceisthatyou(should)practisespeakingEnglishasoftenaspossible,注意:當suggest表示“暗示”;insist表示“堅持說”時不用虛擬！,HisaccentsuggestshecomesfromHunan.,Iinsistthathewaswrong,Hissilencesuggestedthatheagreedwithmydecision,Heinsiststhatdoingmorningexercisesdoesgoodtopeople’shealth.,,虛擬語氣特殊句型：,1.wouldratherthat,現(xiàn)在：過去：未來：,,過去時,過去完成時,過去時,Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.,Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.,Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.,注意:在主語＋would(had)rather＋that賓語從句中，從句謂語一般用過去式表示虛擬形式。例如:,我真希望你告訴我真相。,I’dratheryoutoldmethetruth.,我寧愿不再見著你。,I’dratherIdidn’tseeyouagain.,我倒希望他們和我一起去。,Iwouldrathertheywentwithme.,(1)對現(xiàn)在的虛擬,謂語動詞用過去時(系動詞用were),意指主從句謂語表示的動詞同時發(fā)生.例如:,他看起來好象病了.,Helooksasifhewereill.,他感到他應該獨自對發(fā)生的事情承擔責任.,Hefeltasifhealonewereresponsibleforwhathadhappened.,(2)對過去的虛擬謂語動詞使用had+過去分詞,意指從句謂語動詞發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞之前.例如:,她英語說的很好就象是在英國學習的一樣.,ShespokeEnglishwellasifshehadstudiedEnglishinEngland.,我記得整件事情就象是昨天發(fā)生的一樣.,Irememberthewholethingasifithadhappenedyesterday.,(3)對未來的虛擬謂語動詞使用would+動詞原形,意指從句謂語動詞發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞之后.例如:,史密斯太太哭得心都快碎了.,Mrs.Smithsobbedasifherheartwouldbreak.,9.某些簡單句的固定句型：Heavenhelphim!Godblessyou!Mayyousucceed!LonglivethePeople’sRepublicofChina!,Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit__________.,A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken,Theactoris58yearsold.Butheactsasifhe_______ayoungman.,A.isB.willbeC.amD.were,Thecloudsaregettingdarkeranddarker.Itlooksasifit_______rain.,A.isgoingtoB.willC.wasgoingtoD.would,注意：如果表示的事情可能會發(fā)生，那么狀語從句中的謂語動詞可用陳述語氣。,Itlooksasifyouaretired.,3.It’s(about/high)time+that---,,過去時,should+V.,你該走了。,It’shightimethatyouwent.It’shightimethatyouweregoing.It’shightimethatyoushouldgo.,我們該去睡覺了。,It’stimethatwewenttobed.It’stimethatweshouldgotobed.,,,,,,4.without和butfor構(gòu)成虛擬。butfor要不是Withoutsunlight,people’slifewouldbedifferentfromtoday.Butforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavefinishedthework.Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldhavefailed.Butforwater,itwouldbeimpossibletoliveinthedesert.,,,,,5.Ifonly(1)…要是就好了=IwishIfonlyIknewhisname!Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice!IfonlyIcouldseehimagain!,要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。要是我沒錯過火車就好了！,Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus!,IfonlyIhadn’tmissedthetrain!,(2)=aslongas常用陳述語氣.如果我們緊密團結(jié)就一定能戰(zhàn)勝一切困難.Wecansurelyovercomethesedifficultiesifonlywearecloselyunited.,6.It’snecessary/strange/natural/important+that---Clause從句中的動詞要用虛擬，即（should）+動詞原形,Itisimportantthatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty.It’snecessarythatweshouldstudyhard.,7.otherwise和supposing也可以引導虛擬語氣。例如：,Thestormstopped,otherwisethesailorswouldhavefallenintothesea.,I’mgettingcold,otherwiseIwouldkeepher.,Suppose(supposing)yourfriendsknewhowyouarebehavinghere,whatwouldtheythink?,8.sothat與inorderthat二者引導的目的狀語從句謂語部分應該用may/might/can/could/etc.+動詞原形Shestayedathomeforafewdayssothatshemighthavemoretimetostudyit.Shelistenedcarefullyinorderthatsheminghtdiscoverexactlywhathewanted.Hewenttothestationinataxisothatheshouldnotmissthetrain.,9.用“may+動詞原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此時may須置于句首,Maygoodluckbeyours!祝你好運！Mayyoubehappy!祝你快樂！Mayyoudoevenbetter!祝你取得更大成就Longlivethepeople!人民萬歲！“Godblessyou,”saidthepriest.牧師說：“愿上帝保佑你！”,1Hesuggestedthatthemeetingputoff.A.notbeB.shouldnotC.wouldn’tD.benot2Itisstrangethatheso.A.thinksB.thinkC.thoughtD.willthink3IwishImyuncleyesterday.A.metB.havemetC.wouldmeetD.hadmet4Theoldprofessorgaveordersthattheexperimentbefore6.A.wasfinishedB.willfinishC.befinishedD.shallbefinished,,,5.Shesaysshe’dratherhe____tomorrowinsteadoftoday.A.hadB.shouldleaveC.leavesD.left6.It’salready5o’clocknow.Don’tyouthinkit’sabouttime____?A.wearegoinghomeB.ifsheleavesC.wewenthomeD.ifshehadleft,7It’shightimehehome.A.goesB.wentC.willgoD.isgoingtogo8yousucceedandyoubehealthy.A.May…mayB.Wish…wishC.Hope…h(huán)opeD.Should…may9Galileoinsistedthattheearthroundthesun.A.shouldmoveB.moveC.movesD.AorB,10IfonlyI____tomyparents’advice!A.listeningB.listenC.amlisteningD.hadlistened11---Whydidn’tyoucometothepartyyesterday?---I____,butanunexpectedvisitorcametoseeme.A.didB.wouldC.hadD.wasgoingto12I’dratheryou____methenews.A.nottellB.nottotellC.didn’ttellD.hadn’ttold,1.TheboywhowentswimmingintheNo-swimmingZonedrownedintheriver.,,,,Iftheboyhadn’tgoneswimmingintheNo-swimmingZone,hewouldn’thavedrownedintheriver.,,HadtheboynotgoneswimmingintheNo-swimmingZone,hewouldn’thavedrownedintheriver.,2.Billywasbadlybittenbymosquitoesbecauseheforgottousethemosquitonetlastnight.,,,IfBillyhadrememberedtousethemosquitonetlastnight,hewouldnothavebeenbittenby…,,,HadBillyrememberedtousethemosquitonetlastnight,hewouldnothavebeenbittenby…,3.Themothercarelesslyputtheknifewithinthebaby’sreach,andthebabycutherselfwhileplayingit.,,,,Ifthemotherhadcarefullyputtheknifeoutofthebaby’sreach,thebabywouldn’thavecutherself.,,Hadthemothercarefullyputtheknifeoutofthebaby’sreach,thebabywouldn’thavecutherself.,4.Thestudentsgotfood-poisoningaftereatingthepotatoesinthedining-room.,Ifthestudentshadnoteatenthepotatoesinthedinning-room,theywouldn’thavegotfood-poisoning.,,,Hadthestudentsnoteatenthepotatoesinthedinning-room,theywouldn’thavegotfood-poisoning.,,5.Theparentsputthethermosontheground.Theirsonkickeditandgotburnt.,,,,Iftheparentshadputthethermosinasafeplace,theirsonwouldn’thavekickeditandgotburnt.,,Hadtheparentsputthethermosinasafeplace,theirsonwouldn’thavekickeditandgotburnt.,