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1、題型五閱讀理解,選擇型閱讀理解題主要考查學(xué)生的語篇閱讀能力、分析能力和判斷能力。要求學(xué)生能較快地通過閱讀短文,獲取其中的主要信息,然后根據(jù)試題的要求從A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳答案。常見的考查方式有以下四種:1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題這類題目的答案一般都能在文章中直接找到,做題前,可以先瀏覽一下題目,然后帶著問題快速閱讀,找出能解決問題的有關(guān)信息。但是一定要注意捕捉準(zhǔn)確的信息,進(jìn)行理解分析,去偽存真,否則會陷入題目設(shè)下的“陷阱”,受其迷惑而誤選干擾項(xiàng)。2.主旨大意題主旨大意題主要涉及文章的中心思想、主要內(nèi)容、標(biāo)題、作者的態(tài)度、目的、文章的語氣等。我們在做題時一定要注意首句和尾句,因?yàn)樗鼈兺俏恼碌?/p>

2、主題句。,3.推理判斷題在做推理判斷題時,必須從原文中找到推斷的依據(jù)。這類題要求考生擺脫字面理解的局限,透過文章的字里行間,對作者的話進(jìn)行推理判斷,領(lǐng)悟隱含在字里行間的內(nèi)涵或哲理,體會作者的言外之意、弦外之音,從而獲得對文章的深層理解。4.詞義猜測題解答這類題目時,必須認(rèn)真閱讀文章,通過上下文的聯(lián)系,結(jié)合已有的知識猜測其在具體語境中的含義,下面介紹一些猜詞的技巧:(1)通過因果關(guān)系猜詞;(2)通過同義詞和反義詞關(guān)系猜詞;(3)通過構(gòu)詞法猜詞;(4)通過定義或釋義來推測詞義;(5)通過句法功能來推測詞義;(6)通過描述猜詞。,典例(2018安徽)Wouldyouliketoliveinacity

3、wherebuildingsturnthelightsoffforyou,andself-drivingcarswillfindthenearestparkingspacethemselves?Althoughitmightsoundalittlefarfromyou,livingina“smart”citylikethiscouldhappensoonerthanyouthink.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceintownsthatwehavelivedinforcenturies,whilecompletelynewcitiesarebeingbuilt.Onesuc

4、hplaceisthecityofSongdo.Everyhometherewillhavea“telepresence”system(遠(yuǎn)程遙控系統(tǒng))—allowinguserstocontroltheheatingandlocks,takepartinvideomeetings,andreceiveeducation,healthcareandgovernmentservices.Aroundthecity,escalators(自動扶梯)willonlymovewhensomeoneisonthem,andofficesandschoolswillallbeconnectedtothesy

5、stem.,ThegreatmindbehindSongdoisfromthecompanyCisco.Infact,technologycompaniesaroundtheworldsuchasIBM,SiemensandMicrosoftarealreadyinthebusiness.About75%oftheworld’spopulationwillliveincitiesby2050,socitieswillneedtobemoremoderntodealwiththecomingproblems.“Makingcitiessmarterisonewayout,andIthinkthi

6、swillinturnmakecitiesgreener,”saidDanHill,headofaresearchcompany.,1.Accordingtothetext,livingina“smart”city.A.isnotagreenwayB.willbefarfromyouC.willsoonbecometrueD.iscompletelyimpossible2.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Acityofthefuture.B.AmeetinginSongdo.C.Aplantobuildahouse.D.Areportonpublichealth.,

7、3.WhichcompanyoffersthegreatmindtobuildSongdo?A.Cisco.B.IBM.C.Siemens.D.Microsoft.4.DanHillthinksthatmakingcitiessmarterisonewayto.A.drivepeopleoutofcitiesB.controltheworld’spopulationC.develophisowncompanyD.solvethecities’comingproblems5.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.FutureEduc

8、ationB.SmartCitiesC.GovernmentServicesD.FamousCompanies,答案與解析【主旨大意】本文是一篇說明文。一切都具有“智能化”的新型城市在不久的未來就會變成現(xiàn)實(shí)。人們使用遠(yuǎn)程遙控系統(tǒng)控制各種各樣的機(jī)器為自己服務(wù),其結(jié)果是人們生活更方便,城市更環(huán)保。1.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第一段中的“l(fā)ivingina‘smart’citylikethiscouldhappensoonerthanyouthink”可知,生活在“智能化”的城市遠(yuǎn)比你想象的要來得快。也就是說,這種“智能化”的城市不久就會變成現(xiàn)實(shí)。故選C項(xiàng)。2.A段落大意題。閱讀第二段可知,本段談?wù)摿嗽谖磥?/p>

9、的Songdo城市,每家每戶都有遠(yuǎn)程遙控系統(tǒng)控制著機(jī)器進(jìn)行運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn),教育、衛(wèi)生健康、政府服務(wù)都會納入該系統(tǒng)。由此可知,本段主要談?wù)摰氖俏磥淼某鞘?。故選A項(xiàng)。,3.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第三段中的“ThegreatmindbehindSongdoisfromthecompanyCisco.”可知,建立未來城市Songdo的構(gòu)想是由Cisco公司提出的。故選A項(xiàng)。4.D推理判斷題。從最后一段DanHill的話可知,DanHill認(rèn)為,使得城市變得更加智能化是一種出路,這樣可以漸漸使得城市變得更環(huán)保。也就是說,智能化的城市肯定能解決當(dāng)今的各種問題(如污染)從而使得城市更環(huán)保。故選D項(xiàng)。5.B主旨大意題。閱讀本

10、文可知,文章談?wù)摰木褪俏磥淼摹爸悄芑钡某鞘?。故選B項(xiàng)。,素養(yǎng)訓(xùn)練提高【1】(2018安徽)It’sacold,greySundayafternooninMarch.TheBritishareallworkingintheirgardens.They’redigging,cuttingleavesandplantingnewseeds(種子).Bysummer,theirgardenswillbefullofbrightcolours.TheBritishlovetheirgardens.ABritishnewspaperrecentlyaskedpeoplefortheiropinionsa

11、boutthem.Around70%ofthepeoplefeltitwasimportanttospendtimeinthegarden,andover50%ofthesedescribedgardeningasthemostenjoyablethingtheyeverdid.OnlyoneintenhousesinBritaindonothaveagarden.Peoplewholiveinhouseswithoutgardensoftenrent(租用)landfromthegovernment.,Atfirst,onlyveryrichpeoplehadgardens.Youcanst

12、illseethegardensaroundhouseswithalonghistory,suchasChatsworthHouseorCastleHoward.Intheearlytwentiethcentury,however,gardeningbecameahobby.Peopleboughtdifferentkindsofseedsandplantsfortheirgardens.Althoughroses,sunflowersandtomatoesareoftengrowninBritishgardens,theyoriginally(起初)grewwildinothercountr

13、ies.Everyyear,therearecompetitionsforthelargestvegetables,butdon’texpecttowin:Britain’sbiggestcarrotisalmostsixmetreslong.,1.Insummer,BritishgardensareoftenB.A.fullofpeoplediggingthereB.colorfulwithdifferentplantsC.toohotforpeopletoworkthereD.coveredwithgreyleavesandplants2.ArecentsurveyshowedthatAo

14、ftheBritishfeltitimportanttodosomegardening.A.around70%B.over50%C.only20%D.about10%,,,3.WecaninferfromParagraph4thatD.A.seedswereprovidedforfreeB.roseswerefirstgrowninBritainC.gardeningisahobbyintheworldD.theownerofChatsworthHousewasrich4.Whatdoesthewritermeanbytheunderlinedsentence?BA.Itiseasytogro

15、wbigvegetables.B.Itishardtowinthecompetition.C.Thecarrotismucheasiertogrow.D.Thecarrotishisfavoritevegetable.,,,【主旨大意】本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了在英國人們都喜歡在自己家設(shè)置一塊地用作花園種植各種各樣的植物與蔬菜的歷史和文化。1.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的“Bysummer,theirgardenswillbefullofbrightcolours.”可知,夏天英國人的花園被不同的植物點(diǎn)綴得五顏六色。故選B項(xiàng)。2.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第二段中的“Around70%ofthepeop

16、lefeltitwasimportanttospendtimeinthegarden”可知,大約70%的人認(rèn)為在花園里花些時間很重要。故選A項(xiàng)。3.D推理判斷題。從第四段中的“Atfirst,onlyveryrichpeoplehadgardens.Youcanstillseethegardensaroundhouseswithalonghistory,suchasChatsworthHouseorCastleHoward.”可知,當(dāng)初,僅僅只有非常富有的人才擁有花園。你能看見年歲久遠(yuǎn)的房子周圍都有花園,比如查茨沃斯莊園或者霍華德城堡。由此推知查茨沃斯莊園的主人肯定很富有。故選D項(xiàng)。,4.B推

17、理判斷題。從最后一段描述可知,每年在英國都有最大蔬菜的比賽,但人們并不期望能勝出,因?yàn)橛畲蟮奶}卜都幾乎有六米長。一個蘿卜都有那么長,由此可知還有其他更大的蔬菜,因此要想在比賽中獲勝是很難的,所以人們對是否勝出也不抱多大希望。故選B項(xiàng)。,【2】(2018安徽合肥廬陽二模)Ourschool’ssciencefestivaljustendedafewdaysago.Whatinterestedmemostwasthetimewespentmakingacar.Itwasmadeoutofcorrugatedcardboard(瓦楞紙板),butcouldstillholdaperson,asw

18、ellasmove.Wewereexcitedaboutthisidea,butwefoundithardtomakethecar.Itseemedimpossibleforacardboardcartocarrysomeone.Ourphysicsteachershowedusavideo.Therewassomecorrugatedcardboardshapedlikea“V”or“W”inthevideo.Itcouldholdmoreweight.Thisgaveustheideatomakethecaraftergettingthepropermaterials.,Becauseth

19、erewasnotmuchtimeleftforus,wehadtofinishitasquicklyaspossible.Wetalkedabouthowthecarshouldbemadeandhowtotestit.Iwasgladthatwewereabletoworkcloselywitheachother.Everyonesawtheworkasaninterestingwaytorelax.Whenthecarwasfinallyfinished,weallworeasmileonourfacesandfoundthatallourworkhadbeenworthit,evena

20、fterspendingwholeafternoonsworkingonit.Wejoinedthecompetitionafterwefinishedthecar.Thoughwedidn’twinanyprizes,wefoundsomethingmoremeaningfulthansuccess.Welearnednewthingsaboutphysicsandlearnedhowtogetalongwitheachother.,1.ThecarwasmadeoutofD.A.thickstoneB.specialglassC.strongwoodD.corrugatedcardboar

21、d2.Thewriter’sCteachershowedthemavideotohelpthemmakethecar.A.mathB.historyC.physicsD.English,,,3.ThewriterwasgladthattheywereabletoB.A.wintheprizessuccessfullyB.workcloselywitheachotherC.jointhecompetitiontogetherD.findaninterestingwaytorelax4.WhichofthefollowingsentencesisTRUE?AA.Thecartheymadecoul

22、dholdapersonandmove.B.Itwasnotveryhardforthemtomakethecar.C.Theyspentmuchmoneygettingpropermaterials.D.Therewasenoughtimeforthemtomakethecar.,,,【主旨大意】文章主要介紹了作者參加科技節(jié)和同學(xué)們一起創(chuàng)作的歷程,雖然沒有取得名次,但也學(xué)到了很多知識及如何進(jìn)行團(tuán)隊(duì)合作。1.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第1段中的“Itwasmadeoutofcorrugatedcardboard”可知它是由瓦楞紙板制成的,故答案是D項(xiàng)。2.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第2段中的“Ourphysi

23、csteachershowedusavideo”可知,我們的物理老師給我們看了一段錄像,故答案是C項(xiàng)。3.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第3段中的“Iwasgladthatwewereabletoworkcloselywitheachother”可知我很高興我們能夠彼此緊密合作,故答案是B項(xiàng)。4.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第1段中的“Itwasmadeoutofcorrugatedcardboard(瓦楞紙板),butcouldstillholdaperson,aswellasmove.”可知它是由瓦楞紙板制成的,但仍然可以容納一個人,也可以移動。A項(xiàng)是正確的。,【3】(2018安徽合肥蜀山二模)TheFoxan

24、dtheStork(鸛)AtonetimetheFoxandtheStorkalwaysvisitedeachotherandseemedverygoodfriends.SotheFoxinvitedtheStorktodinner,andforajokeheputnothingbeforeherbutsomesoupinaveryshallow(淺的)dish.TheFoxcouldeasilyfinishhisfood,buttheStorkcouldonlywettheendofherlongbillinit,andleftthemealashungryaswhenshebegan.“I

25、’msorry,”saidtheFox,“thesoupisnottoyourliking.”“Itdoesn’tmatter,”saidtheStork,“Ihopeyouwillreturnthisvisit,andcomeandhavedinnerwithmesoon.”,SoherecameadaywhentheFoxshouldvisittheStork,butwhentheywereseatedattableallthatwasfortheirdinnerwasputinaverylong-neckedbottlewithasmallmouth,inwhichtheFoxcould

26、notinserthissnout(吻部),soallhecouldmanagetodowastolick(舔)theoutsideofthebottle.“Iwillnotsaysorryforthedinner,”saidtheStork.“Onebadturndeserves(值得)another.”,1.WhatwasservedtotheStorkattheFox’shome?BA.Nothing.B.Somesoup.C.Abigmeal.D.Alittlewine.2.Whatdoes“bill”meaninChinese?BA.賬單B.鳥嘴C.腿D.脖子,,,3.AttheSt

27、ork’shome,thefoodfortheFoxwasputinC.A.averyshallowbowlB.averyshallowdishC.averylong-neckedbottleD.averysmallspoon4.Whatdoesthestorytellus?DA.Oneshouldn’thavetoomanyfriends.B.Noteverythingyouseeiswhatitappearstobe.C.Onewillgetagreatsuccessafterachievinggoalslittlebylittle.D.Onewillbehurtbyhimselfifhe

28、hurtsothersonpurpose.,,,【主旨大意】文章主要通過狐貍請鸛吃飯惡作劇,后面又被鸛捉弄了,故事告訴我們?nèi)绻銦o法忍受別人對你惡作劇,請不要作弄你的鄰人。1.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中的第1段“SotheFoxinvitedtheStorktodinner,andforajokeheputnothingbeforeherbutsomesoupinaveryshallow(淺的)dish.”于是狐貍邀請鸛來吃晚飯,只是在很淺的盤子里放了一些湯。故答案是B項(xiàng)。2.B詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文中的“buttheStorkcouldonlywettheendofherlongbillinit”結(jié)

29、合喝湯,可知是把鳥嘴末端弄濕。故答案是B項(xiàng)。3.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中的第1段“butwhentheywereseatedattableallthatwasfortheirdinnerwasputinaverylong-neckedbottlewithasmallmouth”可知所有的晚餐都裝在一個長頸瓶里。故答案是C項(xiàng)。,4.D主旨大意題。根據(jù)文中的第2段的“Iwillnotsaysorryforthedinner,”saidtheStork.“Onebadturndeserves(值得)another.”可知,一個人如果故意傷害別人,就會受到傷害。答案是D項(xiàng)。,【4】(2019原創(chuàng))Tro

30、ubleandtheNewKidisaperfectbookforthekidswrittenbyCateWhittle.Itisfunandhumorous.Ninaisthenewkidatschool.Sheistidyandorganizedandsmartand,well,she’sdislikeGeorgiaatall.WhenGeorgiatellsNinaaboutherdragon,Trouble,Ninarollshereyesandsays“hmnph”.Ninadoesn’tbelieveindragons.Ninadoesn’tliketotalkaboutanyth

31、ingthatisnotreal.,AlthoughGeorgiaandalltheotherkidsatschoolbelieveindragons,Ninarefusestobelievethatdragonsexist(存在).WhenTroublefindsoutNinadoesn’tbelieveinhimhestartssulking.Hewon’teveneathisfavoritepotatochips.Then,somethingterriblehappens—Troublestartstofade(逐漸消失)!WhatcanGeorgiado?Shemustcomeupwi

32、thaplantogetNinatobelieveinTrouble,buthowwillshegetNinatoseehimwhenhe’snotallowedtogetintoschool?WillNinabelievebeforeTroubledisappears?,ThislittlestoryistoldbyGeorgia,withherfunnycommentoneverythinghappeningaroundher.ThethoughtinyoungGeorgia’smindwillcertainlyringtrueforanyonewhohaslivedwithanimagi

33、native(富于想象力的)six-to-eight-year-old!StephenMichaelKing’sfantasticpicturesbringoutthehumourandimaginationinthestoryandwillhelpreadersfallinlovewithGeorgiaandTrouble.ThisisthethirdbookintheTroubleseriesandlowerprimarykidswillloveit.,1.Inthebook,TroubleisD.A.astudentB.agirlC.aboyD.adragon2.Ninathinksit

34、isCwhenGeorgiatellsheraboutTrouble.A.interestingB.excitingC.impossibleD.amazing3.Theunderlinedword“sulking”hasthesamemeaningwiththeword“A”.A.angryB.fullC.hungryD.noisy,,,,4.Inthebook,GeorgiaB.A.hateseverythingthatisn’trealB.talksabouteverythinghappeningaroundherC.likeseatingpotatochipsverymuch.D.dra

35、wsmanypicturesofthedragons5.WhichisrightaboutTroubleandtheNewKid?BA.Thisbookisperfectforthemiddleschoolstudentstoread.B.Therearealotoffunnypicturesinthisbook.C.Youcanlearnalotaboutdifferentkindsoftroubleinthisbook.D.Therearefewcommentsinthisbook,soitisinteresting.,,,【主旨大意】文章主要介紹了《麻煩》系列之一《麻煩和新成員》的故事梗

36、概及對該書的評價。1.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的“WhenGeorgiatellsNinaaboutherdragon,Trouble”可知,Trouble是一條龍。2.C推理判斷題。由第二段的“Ninadoesn’tbelieveindragons.”可知,Nina不相信有龍,故判斷當(dāng)Georgia告訴她關(guān)于Trouble的事的時候她認(rèn)為是不可能的。3.A詞義猜測題。由下面兩句可知,Trouble不吃他最喜歡的薯?xiàng)l,然后開始逐漸消失。故判斷當(dāng)Trouble發(fā)現(xiàn)Nina不相信他的時候,他很生氣。因此sulking意為“生氣”。4.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第五段的“Georgia,withherfunn

37、ycommentoneverythinghappeningaroundher”可知,Georgia對她周圍發(fā)生的一切進(jìn)行評論。故選B項(xiàng)。5.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)第二段可知,這本書里有很多有趣的畫。故選B項(xiàng)。,【5】(2019預(yù)測)Zongziisnotjustafoodwithriceandotherdeliciousfoodinit,butoneofthesymbolsoftheDragonBoatFestivalinChina.Thefestivalisonthe5thdayofthefifthlunar(陰歷)month.ItistorememberthefamouspoetQuYuan

38、inChinesehistory.Zongzi,orricedumpling,alsospeakstothetraditionofhomecookingindifferentplaces.Therearedifferentkindsofzongzi.Herearejustseveralexamples.,Themostfamous—JiaxingzongziJiaxingzongzi,namedafterthecityJiaxinginZhejiang,isthemostfamousfoodduringtheDragonBoatFestivalthankstoWufangzhai,thelar

39、gestzongzihere.Morethan6,000,000Wufangzhaizongziareonsaleinstoresacrossthecountryduringthefestival.AlsoJiaxinghasthefirstandtheonlymuseumofzongzi.Theoldest—Xi’anzongziThe“coldhoney”zongzihasthelongesthistoryinXi’an.Madewithrice,coldhoneyzongziwithoutfillings(餡)isagreatfoodduringthehotsummer.,Thelarg

40、est—NanningzongziEachNanningzongzimostlyisaboutonekilogram.Itisalsocalled“pillowzong”becauseofitslargesizeandthemiddlepartwithfillingsalittletallerthanthetwosides.AlsoinGuangxi,peopleoncemadethelargestzongziwith50-kilogramriceandmeat.Ifathree-personfamilyeatsit,itwilltakethemtwomonths.Thesmallest—Sh

41、anghaizongziThesmallestzongziisinShanghaicity.Itiscomfortablejustrightforamouth.SomepeopleliketoenjoyitwithacupofChinesetea.,1.DifferentChinesezongzicanalsoshowthedifferencesofChineseB.A.historyB.cultureC.sportsD.shopping2.YoucanvisitazongzimuseuminA.A.JiaxingB.Xi’anC.ShanghaiD.Nanning3.Ofallthefour

42、kindsofzongzi,whichistheoldest?BA.Jiaxingzongzi.B.Xi’anzongzi.C.Nanningzongzi.D.Shanghaizongzi.,,,,4.WhichistheNanningzongzi?B,,5.ThepassagemainlytellsusC.A.thetraditionofDragonBoatFestivalB.themostfamousChinesefoodC.somedifferentkindsofzongziD.differentwaysofmakingzongzi,,【主旨大意】本文介紹了幾種中國最知名的粽子,即最著名

43、的粽子——嘉興粽子、最古老的粽子——西安粽子、最大的粽子——南寧粽子和最小的粽子——上海粽子。1.B推理判斷題。由文章第一段可知,粽子是端午節(jié)的象征。故判斷不同的粽子代表了不同的中國飲食文化。故選B項(xiàng)。2.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段的“theonlymuseumofzongzi”可知,唯一的粽子博物館在嘉興。故選A項(xiàng)。3.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第五段的“Theoldest—Xi’anzongzi”可知,西安粽子是最古老的粽子。4.B推理判斷題。由倒數(shù)第二段的“Itisalsocalled‘pillowzong’...themiddlepartwithfillingsalittletallerthanthetwosides.”可知,南寧粽子叫做枕頭粽子,中間餡料比兩邊的高。根據(jù)圖示判斷選B項(xiàng)。5.C主旨大意題。文章主要介紹了中國比較知名的粽子。故選C項(xiàng)。,