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1、Key to Exercises Preview 第一大題 1. This article was written in praise of the heroes and the heroism demonstrated during an air crash which took place in Washington D.C. in the year 1982. 2. The terrible crash occurred in cold winter when a jet plane from Washington National Airport hit the bridg

2、e over the Potomac river. The plane dropped into the river and soon sank/ went under, bring many passengers down with it. Those who managed to get out of the plane found themselves in icy-cold water. 3. Disasters are always terrible because they mean great damage and loss of life. As disasters go,

3、this air crash was nothing very special. But because of the four heroes, it brought millions to tears or attention. Three of them formed a police helicopter team, and they risked their lives again and again as they tried to pick up survivors. But the greatest hero was a man known as “the man in the

4、water” because his name was never found. He was seen clinging to the tail of the plane with five other passengers. But every time a lifeline or flotation ring was dropped to him, he passed it on to another of the passengers. Those passengers survived. But the man did not. 4. The emotional impact of

5、 this display of courage and noble character was tremendous, because it showed human nature at its best. This man in the water must have been an ordinary person. Before the air crash, he would never have guessed what a heroic deed he was going to perform that day, but when the great test came, he ro

6、se to the occasion. 5. The author believes that this disaster filled people with a sense of pride rather than sadness, because in the contest between indifferent natural forces and the moral power of human beings, human beings have won. The man went down in the river, but he actually rose to immort

7、ality. 第二大題 1. The unusual element is the bridge, because normally, air crashes do not involve a bridge. Note: The word “element” means a factor or a basic part of something complicated. 2. “A city of form and rules” means a city that is shapely or beautiful and orderly, but it suddenly turned

8、into its opposite and became chaotic, turning into a state of complete disorder and confusion. The two metals here refers to the bridge and the plane, both of which are made of metal, or more specifically, iron and steel鋼鐵. 3. From the point of view of artistic beauty, there was also a clash or co

9、nflict, because the plane was painted into blue and green, the river and black, and the chunks of ice were grey. Mixture of different types of color would make the viewers uncomfortable, so they would regard this scene as “aesthetic clash”. 4. Perhaps people did not regard this air clash as a failu

10、re at all. They all saw the triumph of human nature over the elements. 5. Here human nature and natural powers are in conflict/clash. “Groping and struggling” refers to the fact that normally it is human instinct本能；天性 to grope for something to hang on to (=to hold on; to survive) and to struggle f

11、or life. 6. Rise to the occasion: to deal successfully with a problem or situation that is especially difficult. 7. The sentence means “Three out of the four acknowledged heroes...are able to account for their behavior”. Account for: to give a satisfactory explanation. 8. In the line of duty: wh

12、ile working; while on duty 9. Skutnic added that somebody had to go in the water saying what every hero would say under the circumstances, but although the remark has been repeated by many heroes, it is still admirable. 10. It means the main reason for the emotional impact, or the person who cause

13、d the great emotional impact. 11. Mass casualty: a great number of people injured and killed in an accident or battle. The word “mass” here is an adjective, meaning affecting a lot of people. Cf: mass murder; mass killing; mass destruction; mass hysteria; mass protest; mass movement; mass unemploym

14、ent; the mass media; the mass market; mass-produce v; mass-produced adj.; mass production. Derivation: massacre; massive Commitment: a sense of duty and responsibility and a determination to work hard at it. 12. As his name remained unknown, it made him a sort of symbol, a symbol of what human bei

15、ngs can do when they are at their best. 13. “l(fā)istening to...” is a participle phrase used as an adverbial of manner, modifying the predicate of the main clause “sitting”; “tell...” and “saying...” are both part of the complex object of “l(fā)istening to”; and “to fasten...” is part of the complex objec

16、t of “tell”. 14. In the essential, classic circumstance: in the most significant/crucial/decisive and typical circumstance 15. The age-old battle between human beings and nature 16. Go at each other: to fight each other violently Act on principles: to act according to the distinction between goo

17、d and evil; to act according to moral principles 17. It means that when the man in the water gave a lifeline to the people gasping for survival, in the same way he seemed to be also saving the lives of those who watched him, making them understand life’s true meaning. 18. Hold it to a standoff: ma

18、ke nature unable to win the battle immediately (迫使自然接受在和人的斗爭(zhēng)中的僵持局面，使它不能馬上得逞) Vocabulary 第一大題 第一小題 1. Incompetence 2. Immoral 3. Impossible 4. Incomplete 5. Impersonal 6. Incredible 7. Indirect 8. Immovable 9. Immortal 10. Impolite 11. Informal 12. Improper 13. Impartial 14. Impati

19、ent 15. Incorrect 16. Incapable 17. Insignificant 18. Impractical 19. Imperfect 20. Insensitive 21. Impermissible 22. Impenetrable 23. Indifferent 24. Immovable 25. Invisible 26. Immodest 27. Immature 28. Invaluable 29. Invariable 30. immeasurable 第二小題 (1) -ee: noun. One who receiv

20、es (2) -eer: noun. Doer; device for (3) -ess: noun. female 第三小題 1. 經(jīng)濟(jì)起飛 2. 歡送會(huì) 3. 夢(mèng)想復(fù)辟 4. 可恥的出賣 5. 后續(xù)討論 6. 產(chǎn)品用后就扔的現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì) 7. 使用過(guò)多的化妝品 8. 嚴(yán)重的精神崩潰 9. 給了個(gè)表示許可的信號(hào) 10. 懷疑這是有意掩蓋真相 11. 我們叫個(gè)外賣吧 12. 在軍事接管之后 13. 給學(xué)生一些講義 14. 改革的好處、紅利 15. 聯(lián)盟最后的破裂 16. 中途退學(xué)的人 17. 第二天清晨仍能感覺到的酒后頭昏 18. 出來(lái)參加投票的人不多

21、vote 第二大題 1. Employer 2. Unfasten 3. Bad/evil 4. Unidentified 5. Concerned/caring/considerate/interested/sympathetic 6. Immovable 7. Impersonal 8. Irresponsible 9. Selfishness 10. Individual/personal/specific/private/unique One and only 11. Shallow 12. Undress 13. Slightly/somewhat/in

22、 part/partially impartial 14. Deny denial 15. (bride)Groom 第三大題 1. Air crashes/air collision and other natural disasters 2. Human nature and character 3. The tail section of a jet plane 4. Huge chunks of ice; a huge chunk of ice 5. A flotation ring 6. Fasten the seat belt 7. Culture/Cultur

23、al conflict/clash/collision/shock 8. Flight 911 9. Mechanical failure 10. Human tragedy 11. Harsh remarks 12. Make a distinction between good and evil 13. Presidential monuments 14. Typical/classic/representative circumstance 15. Universal character/characteristic/feature 16. A public hero

24、 17. Emotional impact 18. A moment of high/heavy traffic; rush hour; traffic peak 19. Enduring/lasting wonder 20. Air Florida 21. Congressional Budget Office/Bureau/ 22. Mass casualties 第四大題 1. Refer to; known as 2. In reality; as ever; responsible for Note: A small, isolated group or are

25、a: there were pockets of disaffection 不滿；背叛in parts of the country MORE EXAMPLE SENTENCES It is calling for a new approach to nature conservation, focusing on whole landscapes rather than isolated pockets.偏遠(yuǎn)區(qū)域 Famine is biting deep in isolated pockets all over the country. There are coalitions,

26、 but they're in separate pockets around the country, it is not a national coalition. ADJECTIVE [ATTRIBUTIVE] Of a suitable size for carrying in a pocket: a pocket German dictionary Pick sb’s pocket Pickpocket n. thief/theft/thieve 3. Brought; to tears; sticks If you do something single-hand

27、ed(ly), you do it on your own, without help from anyone else. 單獨(dú)地 I brought up my seven children single-handed. 我獨(dú)自帶大了7個(gè)孩子。 You can probably blame Nicolas Sarkozy for that, he has single-handedly changed the perception/view of how the world sees French men. 你可以怪尼古拉?薩科奇。 僅因?yàn)樗粋€(gè)人的不足，就改變了全世界對(duì)法國(guó)男人

28、的看法。 4. Worth; refer to; On the other hand; make a careful distinction 5. Came to the conclusion; for Settlement: Our objective must be to secure a peace(ful) settlement. 我們的目標(biāo)必須是確保達(dá)成一個(gè)和平協(xié)議。 She accepted an out-of-court settlement of $40,000. 她接受了4萬(wàn)美元庭外和解。 ...ways to delay the settlement o

29、f debts. …拖延債務(wù)清償?shù)霓k法。Pay off The village is a settlement of just fifty houses. 這個(gè)村子是個(gè)僅有50家住戶的定居地。 reputation 6. Takes off; on behalf of 7. To be sure; care about; rise to the occasion 8. Responsible for; account for 第五大題 1. To; as 2. On; to 3. To; of 4. On; in; under 5. According to; ove

30、r 6. With; at; at 7. Against; for; to 8. On; to 9. On; to 10. Out of/In/Owing to/Because of/Due to; of 第六大題 1. The fact that he was able to avoid the seemingly inevitable/unavoidable crash made him a national hero. 2. Of the four students who risked their lives to try to drag the drowning ch

31、ildren to shore, two never returned. 3. The Japanese are known for their long life span. They believe they owe this to their eating habits/the composition of their diet, which contains a lot of fish products. HIV virus has a undetermined lifespan outside the human body, ranging from several minute

32、s to several hours. So do not turn pale when HIV is mentioned. I studied with him in the same school for a span of four years. Zhao Yazhi’s performing career spanned more than four decades. 4. I know Harris. I couldn’t imagine a man like him making such stupid remarks. 5. After testing her loya

33、lty many times, he was now going to give her the most dangerous task. 6. I heard that Lincoln had delivered an extremely powerful speech on that occasion. Whatever did he actually say? 7. That this time they must be ready to challenge/defy death was clear to everybody. But no one regretted this mo

34、ve/action/measure. 8. As accidents go/As far as accidents are concerned, there was nothing unusual/out of the ordinary: a crazy young man drives a car on a university campus and kills a young woman student. What is unusual is the fact that the man dares to challenge the people who want to take him

35、to court, because his father is a local police officer. 9. Every time/Whenever we decide on a financial/economical policy, we have to make a clear distinction between short-term interests and long-term interests. 10. Although it was early October, people could already be seen driving across the fr

36、ozen river. Swim across the Atlantic Ocean/Arctic Grammar 第一大題 第一小題 Explanatory notes: A. The appositive clause is one that explains the meaning of the previous noun. B. The “noun+appositive clause” functions as a noun (phrase), and like a noun (phrase), it is used as subject, objects, and

37、predicative. C. The “noun+appositive clause” is used as the object of prepositions and of verbs that cannot be followed by a simple that-clause. D. Only a small number of nouns can be followed by an appositive clause. Among such verbs are fact, feeling, idea, news, opinion, order, suggestion. 1

38、. Appositive clause in apposition to (與...同位) “the fact” 2. Relative clause modifying “the jets...” 3. Relative clause modifying “every hero’s line” 4. Appositive clause in apposition to “the fact” 5. Appositive clause in apposition to “proof” 6. Relative clause modifying “something” 7. Apposi

39、tive clause in apposition to “the conclusion” 8. Appositive clause in apposition to “the fact” 阿福羅頭（Afro-hair、簡(jiǎn)稱Afro），又稱“爆炸頭”或意譯“非洲頭”，是1970年代流行的發(fā)型，特征是又大又卷又膨的球型毛發(fā)。 爆炸頭最當(dāng)紅是樂隊(duì)Boney M.帶起，當(dāng)時(shí)在迪斯科爆炸頭成為舞歌、快歌的經(jīng)典造型。 Afro, sometimes shortened to 'fro and also known as a "natural", is a hairstyle worn nat

40、urally by people with lengthy kinky頭發(fā)彎曲卷曲的 hair texture 發(fā)質(zhì)；頭發(fā)的質(zhì)感or specifically styled in such a fashion by individuals with naturally curly or straight hair. The hairstyle is created by combing the hair away from the scalp, allowing the hair to extend out from the head in a large, rounded shape, mu

41、ch like a halo光環(huán), cloud or ball. 近日，廣電總局發(fā)布了針對(duì)強(qiáng)化網(wǎng)絡(luò)劇、微電影等視聽節(jié)目的內(nèi)容審核以及節(jié)目播出機(jī)構(gòu)的新規(guī)章，此舉或?qū)?huì)給近來(lái)在中國(guó)十分熱門的美劇帶來(lái)重大打擊。 我們來(lái)看一段相關(guān)的英文報(bào)道 China’s State Administration of Radio, Film, and Television (SARFT) is threatening to revoke 撤銷；廢除the licenses of China’s top online video portals 門戶網(wǎng)站if they don’t crack dow

42、n on 嚴(yán)加管制；嚴(yán)加治理；竭力取締；嚴(yán)厲打擊；鎮(zhèn)壓unsuitable content, specifically on American TV shows and British TV shows, according to Hollywood Reporter. New rules will require censorship審查 approval of all streaming video 流媒體；流式媒體before it reaches the public. China has 450 million online video viewers, and that numb

43、er is rising fast. Youku leads the pack with over 300 million unique monthly visitors. 據(jù)《好萊塢報(bào)道者》消息，中國(guó)國(guó)家新聞出版廣電總局對(duì)中國(guó)主要在線視頻門戶網(wǎng)站發(fā)布新規(guī)，如果它們對(duì)不合適的內(nèi)容，特別是不合適的美劇和英劇進(jìn)行制裁，就將被吊銷執(zhí)照。這一新規(guī)將要求所有流媒體在公開之前，進(jìn)行審查批準(zhǔn)。 中國(guó)有4.5億在線視頻觀眾，這一數(shù)字的增長(zhǎng)速度很快。優(yōu)酷以3億月用戶的驚人數(shù)量領(lǐng)跑第一。 【講解】 文中的American TV show就是“美劇”的意思，也可以說(shuō)成是American TV s

44、eries。一些熱門的美劇有如：The Big Bang Theory（《生活大爆炸》）、Modern Family（《摩登家庭》）、Arrow（《綠箭俠》）和2 Broke Girls（《破產(chǎn)姐妹》）等。 此外，文章末尾處的lead the pack是一個(gè)常見詞組，也可以寫成lead the field或lead the world，解釋為“成為第一、最為出眾”。這里的pack是一個(gè)名詞，解釋為“一群人、團(tuán)伙”，如a pack of journalists（一群記者）。今天的作業(yè)是翻譯下面一句話 Some American TV shows have already gained mas

45、sive popularity in China. 一些美劇已經(jīng)在中國(guó)吸引了大量人氣 Li communicates with porters, workers in Chongqing Updated: 2014-04-28 15:00() Comments Chinese Premier Li Keqiang talks with He Shaoqiang, a porter, during an inspection tour巡視 in Wanzhou, Chongqing, April 27, 2014. In local dialect, porters with r

46、opes and bamboo poles are called the Army of Bang Bang, a traditional group that helps residents carry bags in the mountain city. Li held the bamboo pole, saying, "the pole is smooth. You must have done the job for many years." Li urged the porter to take care of his health. [Photo/China News Servic

47、e 第二小題 1. The boy’s fear that he would fail the examination is totally groundless. 2. I have a feeling that the farmer’s wife doesn’t like the way some young people behave. 3. A year after the plane crash, the couple still clung to the hope that their son would one day return home. 4. I think

48、 the police’s opinion that the victim was partly responsible for theft is ridiculous. 5. The international community welcomes the news that the two countries have decided to return to the negotiating table. 6. A lot of scientists don’t think the result of their research is absolute proof that glob

49、al warming isn’t really happening. 7. Ted decided to join the team, for he came to the conclusion that he had more to gain than lose. 8. Our department head seems to have accepted the fact that women generally have better communication skills. 第二大題 第一小題 1. Anybody (usually in questions)/somebod

50、y (when you expect a “yes” answer) 2. Anybody else’s 3. Everybody 4. Everyone, Nobody 5. No one else 6. No one 7. Anyone (in questions) 8. Someone else 9. Everyone, no one 10. nobody 第二小題 1. Everything 2. Something (when “yes” is expected)/ anything 3. Nothing 4. Something, anything 5

51、. Something 6. Nothing 7. Anything 8. Something, anything 9. Something 10. nothing 第三大題 1. Made 2. While 3. Scheduled 4. Took 5. Takeoff 6. By 7. But 8. Dangerous 9. Turn 10. something 第四大題 1. The fact that he is somebody’s relative won’t change our opinion of him. 2. The family m

52、embers/wives of the miners (who had been) trapped in the pit for three days were overjoyed by the news that their men had all been rescued. 3. We must accept the possibility that we might be wrong. 4. There’s little hope that the patient will survive. 5. The faculty shares the opinion that the ma

53、jority of this year’s freshmen are promising. 6. In spite of/Despite our economic growth, we should bear/keep in mind the fact that ours is still a developing country. 7. We should hear his own explanation before we jump to the conclusion that he’s to blame. 8. There aren’t many people who still

54、cling to the idea that man should conquer nature rather than live in harmony/harmoniously with it. 第五大題 1. Everyone in our class went to the International Book Fair.(proper noun) 2. Every one of their new products became popular soon after it was launched. 3. The Chinese Delegation expressed the

55、 hope that the two sides would soon stop fighting in the area. 4. I don’t like the way (in which) he speaks to his patients. 5. Is there anyone in the office? 6. I think it was the director’s fault, and nobody else is responsible for the disaster. 7. Has anyone got anything important to say? 8.

56、 Lee Ying can’t be in the library. I saw her going to the sports ground just a moment ago. 9. If the firefighter hadn’t been caught in a traffic jam, they would have arrived an hour earlier. (subjunctive mood) 10. Not only did the medical team save many earthquake victims, but they also helped them to recover from the shock.