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1、Unit 2 English Around the World Part One: Teaching Design (第一部分：教學(xué)設(shè)計) Period 1: A sample lesson plan for reading (THE ROAD TO MODERN ENGLISH) Aims To talk about varieties of English To read about the history of English language Procedures I. Warming up 1. Warming up by answering a ques

2、tionnaire 1). Tell the students they are going to answer a questionnaire about why they are learning English. 2). Write the words: Reasons for learning a foreign language on the center of the board: 3). Ask the students to suggest as many reasons as they can think of, for example, for work, as a

3、 hobby, to learn about other people, to travel, to read literature in the original, to read research papers, to meet foreigners, to surf the Internet, to pass exams, etc. Write their suggestions on the board as they make them. 4). Divide the class into pairs. 5). Give out each student one question

4、naire paper. 6). Explain the task. The students must question each other about their language learning needs (or motivations). Tell them that you are going to take in the questionnaires at the end, and that you’d like them to make clear notes. It works better if the two partners swap tasks (questi

5、ons and answers) after each section of the questionnaire. If they wait till the end to swap, one student may use up all the time available. 7). When the task is finished, ask a couple of students to summarize their partners’ answers. (This may develop into a class discussion about language needs).

6、 8). The students write five sentences on their feeling about learning English. 9). Collect the questionnaires. Needs Analysis Questionnaire Interviewer_______________ Interviewee_______________ Present use: situations and skills Reading (faxes, letters & reports) Listening & speaking (tel

7、ephoning, meetings, negotiations, public speaking, socializing) Writing (faxes, letters & reports) Future use: expectations & ambitions 2. Further applying To get the students thinking about the topic of the reading passage. 1). Have a student list on the board all the English-speaking countrie

8、s in the world that they can think of. 2). Give the students hints about the places they haven’t mentioned. 3). Provide the students with an opportunity to think about the reasons for the spread of English around the world. ★ English is one of the official languages of the Olympic Games and the U

9、nited Nations. ★ English dominates international websites and provides nearly all of the new computer terminology. ★ Tourism and trade from Western Europe and North America has contributed to the spread of English. ★ Satellite TV, radio programs like Joy FM, CDs and, of course, Hollywood films al

10、l broadcast English into China. Also, a number of Chinese films include English subtitles. II. Reading 1. Skimming Read quickly to get the main idea of the text. Let the students find out key sentence of each paragraph or ask them to summarize the main point for each paragraph in their own words

11、. Paragraph 1: The spread of the English language in the world Paragraph 2: Native speaker can understand each other but they may not be able to understand everything. Paragraph 3: All languages change when cultures communicate with one another. Paragraph 4: English is spoken as a foreign langua

12、ge or second language in Africa and Asia. 2. Scanning Read to locate particular information and complete the comprehending Exercise One. 3. Following up Work in groups. Discuss the two questions and then ask two groups to report their answers to the class. 1). Do you think it matters what

13、kind of English you learn? Why? Possible answer: I don’t think so. Here are the reasons: ★ Native speakers from different parts of the world have no difficulty in understanding each other despite the fact that they speak a bit differently. ★ It is necessary for us to learn the narrow difference

14、between different kinds of English if we hope to communicate fluently with native speakers of English from all over the world. ★ Different kinds of English have the same language core. If you have got a good command of one kind, you will almost have no difficulty understanding another kind of Engli

15、sh. (Any persuasive and supporting reason the students give can be accepted.) 1) Why do you think people all over the world want to learn English? Possible answer: The reasons why people all over the world want to learn English: ★ With economy globalization, English has become the best bridge t

16、o serve the purpose of people all over the world communicating with one another. ★ However, like all major languages in the world, English is always changing. In order to adjust to native speakers from different parts of the world, it is a must for people all over the world to learn English, whethe

17、r in English speaking countries or in non-English speaking countries. ★ Also, people from different parts of the world speak English with various accent and dialects, and people have to learn about the difference between different kinds of English in order to avoid misunderstanding while communicat

18、ing. (All persuasive reasons can be accepted.) 4. Language focus: 1) even if=even though: in spite of the fact; no matter whether: He likes to help us even if he is very busy. 2) communicate with: exchange information or conversation with other people: He learnt to use body language to communica

19、te with deaf customers. 3) actually=in fact: used when you are adding new information to what you have just said: We’ve known for years. Actually, since we were babies. 4) be based on…: 5) make use of: use sth. available 6) Only time will tell: to say that something can only be known in the fut

20、ure: Will China’s national football team enter for the next finals of the World Cup? Only time will tell. Language Chunks from Unit 2 English around the world be different from, pay a role(part) in, because of, either …or…, in/on a team, the number of/a number of, than ever before, even if, comp u

21、p to, over time, communicate with, be based on, make use of, have one’s own identity, such as, Only time can tell, native speaker, as well as, solve a problem, believe it or not, no such a…, all over the world, at the top(bottom) of, pen friends, to this day, sum up, Pardon?, beg your pardon, go abr

22、oad, be used for, more of a …, encourage sb. to do sth., work on, feel like sth., from time to time, English-speaking countries, from one…to another, do business, on the air, would like sb. to do, make notes, fight against, keep…a secret, even though, save time(money), a form of… Period 2: A sam

23、ple lesson plan for Learning about Language (Indirect Speech (II) requests & commands) Aims To discover useful words and expressions To discover useful structures Procedures I. Direct and Indirect Speech Direct Speech Indirect Speech simple present He said, “I go to school every d

24、ay.” simple past He said (that) he went to school every day. simple past He said, “I went to school every day.” past perfect He said (that) he had gone to school every day. present perfect He said, “I have gone to school every day.” past perfect He said (that) he had gone to school

25、 every day. present progressive He said, “I am going to school every day.” past progressive He said (that) he was going to school every day. past progressive He said, “I was going to school every day.” perfect progressive He said (that) he had been going to school every day, future (wi

26、ll) He said, “I will go to school every day.” would + verb name He said (that) he would go to school every day. future (going to) He said, “I am going to school every day.” present progressive He said (that) he is going to school every day. past progressive He said (that) he was going t

27、o school every day Direct Speech Indirect Speech auxiliary + verb name He said, “Do you go to school every day?” He said, “Where do you go to school?” simple past He asked me if I went to school every day.* He asked me where I went to school. imperative He said, “Go to school every da

28、y.” infinitive He said to go to school every day. ?? Direct Speech Indirect Speech simple present + simple present He says, “I go to school every day.” simple present + simple present He says (that) he goes to school every day. present perfect + simple present He has said, “I go to

29、school every day.” present perfect + simple present He has said (that) he goes to school every day. past progressive + simple past He was saying, “I went to school every day.” past progressive + simple past He was saying (that) he went to school every day. past progressive + past perfect

30、 He was saying (that) he had gone to school every day. Direct Speech Indirect Speech can He said, “I can go to school every day.” could He said (that) he could go to school every day. may He said, “I may go to school every day.” might He said (that) he might go to school every day.

31、 might He said, “I might go to school every day.” ? must He said, “I must go to school every day.” had to He said (that) he had to go to school every day. have to He said, “I have to go to school every day.” ? should He said, “I should go to school every day.” should He said (tha

32、t) he should go to school every day. ought to He said, “I ought to go to school every day.” ought to He said (that) he ought to go to school every day. II. Discovering useful words and expressions 1. Work in pairs. Do exercises 1, 2, 3 and 4. Then check the answer you’re your classmates. Th

33、e teacher helps the students discover the difference in prepositions. 2. Play the tape for the students to listen and ask them to mark the sentence stress and intonation. Then practice reading in pairs. (The teacher brings the students’ attention to the British and American words that are differe

34、nt but have the same meaning.) III. Discovering useful structures (Making commands and requests using indirect speech) 1. In groups of four, think of at least three commands your teachers and parents usually give. You may follow these steps. 1) Choose one who is to give the first command. 2)

35、Ask another person in your group to tell somebody what you said. 3) The third person will change the request or command from direct into indirect speech. 4) Change role so that each person gets the chance to give commands and turn them into indirect speech. Example: T: Please don’t talk in cla

36、ss. S1: What did our teacher tell us? / What did our teacher say? S2: He told/asked us not to talk in class. / She said not to talk in class. 2. Get the students thinking about the difference between the request and command. Then read the replies and decide whether they are in answer to a requ

37、est or a command. Write the sentence down. ★ A: _______________________________________ B: I’ll go and collect some wood right now, master. ★ A: _______________________________________ B: Of course I’ll be happy to collect your shopping for you. ★ A:__________________________________________ B

38、: Yes. I’ll shut the door at once, Mr. Zhang. ★ A:_________________________________________ B: No, I won’t get your coat if you talk to me like that. ★ A:_________________________________________ B: Sorry. I’ll get that book for you right now. Period 3: A sample lesson plan for Using Language

39、(STANDARD ENGLISH AND DIALECTS) Aims To read out and talk about STANDARD ENGLISH AND DIALECTS To write about learning English by brainstorming Procedures I. Warming up 1. Introduction: In China there’re so many dialects that the government encourages the whole nation to speak Putonghua, wh

40、ich is regarded as standard Chinese. 2. Role-play: Get students to work in pairs. Let one student be a Chinese and the other a foreigner. Role-play a conversation about the Chinese language to have them discuss why Putonghua has to be used in China. II. Reading 1. Get the students thinking about

41、the topic of the text to predict what it says. 2. Skimming: Read quickly to find the topic sentence for each paragraph. Para. 1: There is no such a thing as Standard English. Para. 2: American English has many dialects whose words and expressions are different from “standard English”. Para. 3:

42、 Geography plays a part in making dialects. 3. Scanning: Work in pairs. Read the text to locate particular information. 1). Do you know what Standard English is from the text? 2). What is a dialect? Why does American English have so many dialects? 4. Language focus: 1) believe it or not: used

43、when you are going to say something that is true but surprising: Believe it or not, John cheated in the exam. 2). there is no such a …as: used to say that a particular person or thing does not exist: These days there is no such a thing as a job for life. 3). standard English: the form of English t

44、hat most people in Britain use, and that is not limited to one area or group of people 4). dialect: a variety of a language spoken only in one area, in which words, or grammar are slightly different from other forms of the same language 5). play a part/role in: be one of the causes that make some

45、thing happen: Besides dieting, exercising plays an important part in losing weight. III. Listening To introduce the students to a dialect and a form of standard “English”. You may follow these steps: 1). Set the context for the students by describing the situation; 2). Tell the class: you are g

46、oing to listen to a boy named Buford. He speaks a Southern dialect of AmE with an East, Texas accent. Remember: pronunciation is determined by accent. On the other hand, Buford’s teacher, Jane, speaks standard BrE. (i.e. what is heard on the BBC.) 3). Play the tape for the students to listen. 4).

47、Encourage the students to give the standard equivalents for the dialectic words from Buford’s story, using the context. Dialectic words from Buford’s story Standard English equivalents hey y’all ain’t yer ya pup swimmin’ jumpin’ feelin’ ‘bout ‘nough shoulda seen got outta hello

48、everyone aren’t your you child swimming jumping feeling about enough should have seen got out of 6). Play the tape again and let the students answer the questions in pairs after listening. 7). Check the answers. (Variant: you may also ask the students to retell Buford’s story in Standa

49、rd English in pairs.) IV. Speaking 1. Make sure the students know that the word used for directions often vary depending on what kind of English the speaker uses. Present the list to the students: Amy (American) Lady (British) subway underground left

50、 left-hand side keep going straight go straight on two blocks two streets right right-hand side 2. Prepare their role-play in pairs: Be sure that one plays a speaker of British English and the other a speaker of American English. Ask students to

51、 select actual streets and location in their hometown for giving directions. 3. Performance: Ask two pairs to perform their dialogue in class. Sample version: S1: Excuse me, sir. But I can’t find the drugstore? S2: Pardon? S1: I said I couldn’t find the chemist’s shop. S2: Well, go round the c

52、orner on your right-hand side, straight on and cross the flyover. You will find it ahead. S1: Thank you very much. S3: What did he say? S1: He told us to go round the corner on the right, go straight on and then cross the overpass. The drugstore will be ahead. Self-assessment criteria: Did you

53、cooperate well with your partner(s) while practicing? Can you ask for directions and give directions clearly? Can you express your ideas fluently? If not, what’s your main problem? Did you go naturally between American English and British English while talking to each other. V. Writing 1. Makin

54、g a poster First ask the students to make educated guesses about how English can help some aspect of Chinese life, in particular its economy. Then, in pairs students work on their poster. Finally, ask several pairs to present their poster in class for assessment. A Sample poster CHINA’S FUTURE

55、 LIES WITH LEARNING ENGLISH Reasons for learning English: ※ World trade is done in English; ※ International organization (such as the UN) use English; ※ We need contact with the developed Western world to build our country; ※ The developed world uses English in its dealings. Why the Chinese la

56、nguage will not do? ※ Very few people in the West speak Chinese; ※ Chinese is a difficult language to learn; ※ Most businessmen do not have time to learn new languages every time they enter a new international market. SO CHINA’S FUTURE LIES WITH LEARNING ENGLISH 2.Writing Assessment 1) Can you

57、 give persuasive reasons for the topic on your poster? 2) Can you verbalize your ideas fluently? 3) Can you put your own English learning experiences into a broader perspective? 4) Can you organize your ideas in a logical way? 5) Have you made a brainstorming map before you set out to design you

58、r poster? Do you think it helps your writing? 6) What kind of mistakes have you made in your writing? What can you do to avoid such mistakes? Further Applying The teacher may also guide the students to do the writhing task in the Workbook on page 53. You may take the following steps: Step 1: Stu

59、dents divided into groups of four share their own learning experiences and ideas about English learning. Step 2: Students make a list as follows: My problems Ideas for improvement Why I like English My future with English Step 3: Make notes about the paragraph

60、s for the writing. Step 4: The teacher helps develop ideas in a positive and encouraging way. Step 5: Students write about the topic after class as homework. Sample version: My experience of learning English Many people all over the world speak English as their second language. It is not too m

61、uch to say that it has become an international language. Studying English can make life fun. It enables you to watch American movies, read English books and listen to English songs. Moreover, as English is an international language, you will be able to communicate with foreigners when you are on a

62、 trip abroad. Traveling will be more interesting that way. It is a good idea to make friends with foreigners. In my opinion, it is the best way to improve your English. In addition, it will be fun and it will expand your view of the world. If you make friends with a native speaker, you can practic

63、e your spoken English more often and then you can communicate with people around the world. You can also become familiar with the customs and habits of different cultures. There are some people who are afraid to make friends with foreigners because they are not confident of their English. However,

64、 many foreigners do not care about grammar. They will get your key words in the sentence and figure out the whole meanings. Therefore, it is unnecessary to be afraid to make friends with them; just go head! Learning English helps us meet different people and learn more about their culture, thus fac

65、ilitating mutual understanding and harmony. Briefly said, English is so useful to us that we should all learn it. Part Two: Teaching resources（第二部分：教學(xué)資源） Section 1: Approaches to process writing 程序?qū)懽鹘虒W(xué)法 I. Pre-writing 1. Brainstorming Getting started can be difficult, so students divided in

66、to groups quickly produce words and ideas about the writing. 2. Planning Students make a plan of the writing before they start. These plans can be compared and discussed in groups before writing takes place. 3. Generating ideas Discovery tasks such as cubing (Students write quickly about the subject in six different ways. 1. describe it 2. compare it 3. associate it 4. analyse it 5. apply it 6. argue for or against it.) 4. Questioning In groups, the idea is to generate lots of questio