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狀語從句導(dǎo)學(xué),一、狀語從句概說,1、在句中作狀語用的從句叫狀語從句。 2、狀語從句可修飾謂語，非謂語動(dòng)詞、定語、狀語或整個(gè)句子。 3、引導(dǎo)狀語從句的一般為連詞，也可有詞組。 4、狀語從句可以在句首，也可在句中或句末。 5、狀語從句按其用途可有時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、 結(jié)果、讓步、方式、比較等九種。 6、狀語從句中的將來時(shí)，一般不用將來時(shí)。（一般將來時(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、將來完成時(shí)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)用一般過去時(shí)、過去將來完成時(shí)用過去完成時(shí)表示。),二、重點(diǎn),1、時(shí)間狀語從句 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的連詞有：when, before, after, as soon as, as, while, hardly had…when, scarcely had …when, no sooner had … than, till / until, since, the moment, by the time 等，例如：,Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us. I got in touch with him immediately I received his letter. My sister came directly she got my message. Every time I catch a cold, I have pain in my back.,△ 如果把no sooner, hardly, scarcely, barely置于句首，它所連帶的這部分就要倒裝，如： No sooner had she heard the news than she fainted. (She had no sooner heard the news than she fainted.),2、地點(diǎn)狀語從句 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句的連詞有where, wherever (no matter where) 等，例如： Where I live there are plenty of trees. 我住的地方樹很多。 Wherever I am I will be thinking of you. 不管我在哪里我都會(huì)想到你。 Bamboo grows well where it is warm and wet. You may go wherever you like. 有時(shí)，- where構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞也可以引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句，如： Everywhere they went, they were kindly received / warmly welcomed. We’ll go anywhere the Party directs us.,3、原因狀語從句 (1)引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的連詞有 because, since, as , now that (2) because, since, as, for 用法比較： ㈠、because: 語氣最強(qiáng)，回答why時(shí)用because，所表示的是直接理由，因果關(guān)系不能同so連用。 Why are you late? Because there is a traffic jam. ㈡、 since: “既然…” 表對(duì)方已知的事實(shí)或理由，常放在句首。 Since you have got enough money with you now, you can come and buy it next time. ㈢、as: “由于….” 語氣較弱，較口語化，表明顯的原因或已知的事實(shí)，常放在句首。 As he had been ready for the worst, he was not disappointed at the result. ㈣、for是一個(gè)等立連詞，連接的是兩個(gè)并列的分句，其他三個(gè)引導(dǎo)的是狀語從句；for不能放在句首。 It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.,,4、條件狀語從句 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的連詞有：if, unless, (if not) , on condition that , as long as。 注意：有時(shí)可以把祈使句作為條件從句，祈使句后面要搭配and，如： Come tomorrow, and I will tell you. Persevere and you will succeed. Give him an inch and he’ll take a mile. (= If you give him an inch, he’ll take a mile. ) 但：當(dāng)表示否定的條件時(shí)，可用連詞or 或otherwise， 如： Make up your mind, or you’ll miss the chance. Start at once, or / otherwise you’ll miss the train. (= If you don’t start at once, …) (= Unless you start at once, you’ll miss the train.),,,,5、目的、結(jié)果狀語從句 （1）引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的連詞有so that, in order that; 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的連詞有so….that, such….that （2）….so that…., in order that…引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句時(shí)，從句中常有can, could, may, might, would （3）so + 形容詞/副詞/分詞 + that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句 such + (形容詞) + 名詞 + that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句 He worked so hard that he made great progress. The book is so interesting that I have read it twice. （4）such + a/an +形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+ that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句 so +形容詞+ a/ an +單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+ that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句 注意：只有單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞才有這兩種表達(dá)方式。 It’s such a fine day that we all want to go outing. = It’s so fine a day that we all want to go outing.,（5）如果修飾名詞的形容詞為many, few, much, little時(shí)，前面則用so，例如： so many +名詞+ that ； so few +名詞+ that so much +名詞+ that ； so little +名詞+ that 比較： so many / few flowers → such nice flowers so much / little money → such rapid progress so many people → such a lot of people There were so many people in the bus that I could hardly move. She put so much butter and sugar in the cake that I didn’t dare to eat too much.,6、讓步狀語從句 （1）引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的連詞有：though/although, even if/ even though, no matter who/ what/ when / where/ which / how ( whoever, whatever, whenever, wherever, whichever, however) （2）whoever, whatever, whichever還可引導(dǎo)名詞從句。而no matter who/ what/ which 只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句 He didn’t want to be disturbed, no matter who wanted to see him. = He didn’t want to be disturbed, whoever wanted to see him. I’ll give the books to whoever needs them.,由as, that, though引導(dǎo)的特殊讓步狀語從句結(jié)構(gòu)： 在正式文體或文學(xué)作品中，為了強(qiáng)調(diào)讓步的含義，可用as引導(dǎo)讓步從句。但as一般不置于句首，而將從句中的表語或狀語置于句首。（though, that與as一樣，也可以用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)），如下面幾種情況： ① 表語的倒裝： Tired as he was, he still went on with his work. Tall as / though he was, he couldn’t reach the top shelf. ② 狀語的倒裝：（這時(shí)不可在狀語之前加very, much等修飾語） Much as I admire him as a writer, I do not like him as a man. Much as he likes the bike, he doesn’t want to buy it. ③ 謂語動(dòng)詞的倒裝： Try as he might, he didn’t pass the exam. Hate him as we may, we must admit his greatness.,7、方式狀語從句 1、方式狀語從句通常由 as, as if, as though 來引導(dǎo)，如： You must do the exercises as I show you. Please do exactly as your doctor says. He acted as / though nothing had happened. He walked as if he was / were drunk. Mary was behaving as though she hadn’t grown up. 2、在非正式文體或口語中，也可用 the way (that) (= as = in the way in which), how, like等來引導(dǎo)，如： Jean doesn’t do it the way I do. She is doing her work the way I like it done. You can do the job how you like. The landlord was watching him like (= just as) a cat watches a mouse. Do you make bread like you make cakes?,,,8、比較狀語從句 （1）比較狀語從句主要用在形容詞、副詞的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的句子中。 原級(jí)： as …as … not so / as …as 比較級(jí): 比較級(jí)+ than … 最高級(jí)： 最高級(jí)+in / of / among … （2） no more than 和 not more than no more than --- only 只不過，僅僅(嫌少的含義) not more than ---less than 不多于，不到（說明客觀事實(shí)） His education added up to no more than one year. (only one year,太短了，有感情色彩) They finished the project in not more than one year. (less than one year, 不到一年，只說明客觀事實(shí)，沒有感情色彩) （3）兩者中 “較….的一個(gè)用the + 比較級(jí) The younger of the twin sisters is more consideration,,,三、難點(diǎn)與易錯(cuò)點(diǎn),1、as, when, while 的用法與區(qū)別： when: ①引導(dǎo)狀語從句，表示主句、從句的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)同時(shí)、之前、之后發(fā)生。 When they arrived, it was already midnight ②從句和主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，可用as，但不可用while，因?yàn)閍rrived是非延續(xù)的動(dòng)詞 When the clock struck eleven, all the lights went out. 從句的動(dòng)作在主句之前發(fā)生。只能用when。 When he ran to the stop, the bus had gone. 從句動(dòng)作在主句動(dòng)作之后發(fā)生，只可用when。,,,③、when = and then,作并列連詞，連接兩個(gè)分句,when前通常有逗號(hào)。意為“這時(shí)…. 就在這時(shí)….“ I was wandering in the street, when suddenly I caught sight of one of my old friends.,while,①、while意思是during the whole of the time that,指在一段時(shí)間里，所引導(dǎo)的從句中的動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性的，可譯為“在….期間， 在….之時(shí)” She visited a lot of places while she stayed in U.S. He felt asleep while he was watching TV. ②、while可用作并列連詞，連接兩個(gè)分句，表“對(duì)比，不同”。中文常備翻譯為“而….” My son likes to watch boxing games while I would rather listen to music.,,as ①多用于動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)間較短時(shí)，常有“正當(dāng)….之時(shí)”之意 She fell of the bus as she got down. ②表“邊…邊…”或“隨著….”之意時(shí)常用as He whistled as he rode on. As time went on, he became less active. ③as表 “由于….” 引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句 I’m not going out as I have a lot to do. ④、as用于表“雖然”的倒裝句中。 Young as she is, she is already a professor. Child as he is, he knows a lot.,,2、since的用法： since表從過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作、事情起到目前為止，“自….以 來”,①、引導(dǎo)狀語從句時(shí)，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)）時(shí)，從句中用一般過去時(shí)。 I’ve been living here since I came to Beijing.,②、常用句型： it is (has been)…+ since +一般過去時(shí) It is five years since I began to learn English.,,.,3、until與till的用法與區(qū)別： ①、until/ till 修飾的謂語動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。在句首時(shí)多用until. Let’s wait till / until the rain stops Until then, I knew nothing at all about it. ②、主句謂語動(dòng)詞為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，應(yīng)用 not….until….句型 She didn’t come back until this morning. ③、not….until…的倒裝句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句。 He didn’t stop until he had finished all his work→ 倒裝句: Not until he had finished all his work did he stop. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句: It was not until he had finished all his work that he stopped.,Good-bye!,同學(xué)們,來學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,同學(xué)們,來學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,