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gkxx精品課件,Unit 1 Getting along with others,Grammar and usage,gkxx精品課件,Grammar and usage,,Unit 1,gkxx精品課件,★To-infinitive ★bare infinitive ★verb-ing form as a noun.,gkxx精品課件,,,I. To-infinitive,gkxx精品課件,Review the basic sentences elements. I was watching an English programmer at 8 o'clock yesterday. I-----subject; was watching-----predicate; an English programmer----object; at 8 o'clock yesterday----adverbial 2. The games of 2006 World Cup are exciting. exciting----predicative 3. I lost my history book. history----attribute 4. He made the room clean and tidy. clean and tidy----object complement,gkxx精品課件,The to-infinitive can be used alone or as part of an infinitive phrase and the to-infinitive can serve as the subject, object, object complement, attribute, predicative or adverbial of a sentence.,gkxx精品課件,1. the to-infinitive used as the subject 不定式作主語 eg. To obey law is everyone's duty 遵紀守法是每個人的職責(zé)。 To know oneself is difficult. 了解自己是困難的。 To talk with your mouth full is rude. 滿嘴食物地講話是不禮貌的。,gkxx精品課件,,It is impossible to finish the work in such a short time. 在如此短的時間內(nèi)完成這項工作是不 可能的。 It is useful for you to learn some spoken English. 學(xué)習(xí)一些口語對你來說是有用的。,gkxx精品課件,The following words are usually followed by the to-infinitive as the object: want, hope, wish, like, begin, start, agree, learn, promise, teach, refuse, help, arrange, dare, decide, determine, fail, manage, offer, prepare, pretend,, continue, ask, mean, expect, choose, prefer.,gkxx精品課件,2. the to-infinitive used as the object 不定式作賓語 eg. He managed to solve the problem by himself. 他自己設(shè)法解決了問題。 I like to read newspaper articles about sports. 我喜歡讀一些體育方面的新聞報道。 Amy wants to know more about the film. 安米想知道更多的關(guān)于這部電影的情況。,gkxx精品課件,3.the to-infinitive used as the object complement 不定式作賓語補足語 eg. I'd like you to keep everything tidy. 我希望你能使每樣?xùn)|西都保持整潔。 The teacher asked us to finish the work today. 老師要我們今天完成工作。 Tell Jack to close the window, please. 請讓杰克關(guān)上窗戶。,gkxx精品課件,動詞make, let, have, hear, see, feel, watch, notice 和observe后的賓語補足語，可省去“to“。 eg. They saw the boy fall suddenly from the tree. 他們看見那小男孩突然從樹上跌下來。 The boss made the workers work 14 hours a day. 老板讓工人們每天工作14小時。,gkxx精品課件,4.the to-infinitive used as the predicative 不定式作表語 eg. My wish is to be a doctor. 我的愿望是成為一名醫(yī)生。 Our plan is to finish the work in two weeks. 我們的計劃是兩周內(nèi)完這項工作。 What I need most now is to have a good rest. 我現(xiàn)在最需要的是好好休息。,gkxx精品課件,5.the to-infinitive used as the attribute 不定式作定語 eg. I have a lot of work to do. 我有許多工作要做。 I have no one to talk to. 我沒有一個可以交談的人。 He is looking for a house to live in. 他正在找房子住。,gkxx精品課件,6.the to-infinitive used as adverbial of a sentence to show reason, purpose or result 不定式作句子的原因、目的和結(jié)果狀語 eg. He came here to attend an important meeting. (purpose) 他來這兒參加一個重要的會議。（目的） Sam was very surprised to hear the news. (reason) 薩姆聽得這個消息很吃驚。（原因） He went home to find his old friend George waiting for him. (result) 他到家發(fā)現(xiàn)他的老朋友喬治在等他。(結(jié)果）,gkxx精品課件,When we use to-infinitive as the result adverbial, it means the result is unexpected or surprising. eg. He hurried to the rail station, only to find the train had left.,gkxx精品課件,7.the continuous and perfect forms of the to-infinitive 不定式的進行式和完成式 eg. She seemed to have heard of it already. 她似乎已經(jīng)聽說過這件事了。 When the teacher came in, the students pretended to be reading loudly. 當(dāng)老師進來時，同學(xué)們假裝正在大聲 讀書。,gkxx精品課件,,Test yourself,THINK IT OVER,She pretended _________ me when I passed by. A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen ---- I usually go there by train. ---- Why not _______ by boat for a change? A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going,gkxx精品課件,,,THINK IT OVER,,高考鏈接,Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _______ whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. see,gkxx精品課件,,Test yourself,THINK IT OVER,I went to see him, ________ him out. A. finding B. find C. only to find D. found,gkxx精品課件,,Test yourself,THINK IT OVER,Are you going to attend the meeting ________ next Saturday? A. holding B. hold C. will be held D. to be held Charles Babbage is generally considered _________ the first computer. A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented,gkxx精品課件,,,II. Bare infinitive,gkxx精品課件,bare infinitive after let, make and have eg. I'll let you use my computer. 我會讓你用我的電腦的。 Don't make the boy stand all the time. 別讓那個小男孩一直站著。 The teacher had her students finish the work within 5 minutes. 老師讓她的學(xué)生們5分鐘之內(nèi)完成作業(yè)。,gkxx精品課件,當(dāng)“make/ let/ have + bare infinitive“ 變成被動語態(tài)時，應(yīng)加上“to“。 eg. The workers were made to work 14 hours a day by the boss. 工人們被迫每天工作14個小時。,gkxx精品課件,bare infinitive after verbs of perception like feel, hear, see, watch, observe and notice eg. I often hear him sing in the next room. 我經(jīng)常聽到他在隔壁房間唱歌。 He stood there and watched the passengers go by. 他站在那兒看著行人來來往往。 Did you notice anyone enter the house？ 你注意到有人進那間屋子嗎？,gkxx精品課件,Notes: Verbs of perception can also be used with verb-ing but with different meanings. I saw her talk to her new friends. (I witnessed the whole conversation.) 我看到她和她的新朋友談話。（我目睹了整 個談話過程） I saw her talking to her new friends. (When I saw her, she was talking to her new friends. I might not have witnessed the whole conversation.) 我看到她正在和她的新朋友談話。（當(dāng)我 看到的時候，她正在談話。但我可能沒看 到整個過程。）,gkxx精品課件,bare infinitive after some phrases or patterns like would rather, had better and why not eg. I'd rather stay at home. 我寧愿呆在家里。 You'd better not be late. 你最好別遲到。 Why not go to the beach? 為什么不到海邊走走？,gkxx精品課件,,We use the bare infinitive for the second infinitive when two infinitives are joined by and, or, except, but, than, rather than, as or like. eg. I forgot to turn off the lights and close the door when I left. 我離開的時候忘記關(guān)燈、關(guān)門了。 We decided to stay at home rather than go to the cinema. 我們決定呆在家里，不去電影院了。,gkxx精品課件,,高考鏈接,THINK IT OVER,,The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ________ the next year. A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out,gkxx精品課件,,Test yourself,THINK IT OVER,We were told to have our reading room _________ after school. A. clean B. to clean C. cleaning D. cleaned Paul doesn't have to be made _______ . He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning,gkxx精品課件,,Test yourself,THINK IT OVER,Jane was made ________ the truck for a week as a punishment. A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing,gkxx精品課件,,,Answers to Sally’s letter: 1.to thank 2. to talk 3. to have 4. e-mail 5. to receive 6. to go 7. watch 8. borrow 9. visit 10. Spend 11. write 12. tell 13. to see 14. make 15. come,gkxx精品課件,,,,III. Verb-ing form as a noun,gkxx精品課件,Verb-ing form used as the subject of a sentence eg. Laying eggs is the ant queen's full-time job. 產(chǎn)卵是蟻后的專職工作。 It is no use arguing with him. 與他爭辯沒用。 Her swimming has improved since she started training every day. 自從她開始訓(xùn)練以后，她的游泳進步的很快,gkxx精品課件,Verb-ing form used as the object of a sentence eg. I like swimming. 我喜歡游泳。 He has finished writing the composition. 他已經(jīng)寫好了作文。 He is fond of playing football. 他喜歡踢足球。,gkxx精品課件,The following phrases are followed by the verb-ing form: would you mind, can't help, look forward to, feel like, can't stand, it's no use/ good., put off, keep on, give up, devote to, stick to, be busy, be worth, get down to …,gkxx精品課件,Some verbs can be followed by a verb-ing form or a to-infinitive, but with some differences in meaning or usage .,gkxx精品課件,regret to do: 抱歉要做某事 regret doing: 后悔做了某事 eg. I regret to tell you that you are fired. 我抱歉地告訴你你被解雇了。 I regret telling him the truth. 我后悔告訴他真相。,gkxx精品課件,forget to do: 忘記去做某事 forget doing: 忘記做了某事 eg. He forgot to close the door when he left. 他離開時忘了關(guān)門了。 I will never forget winning my first gold medal. 我永遠忘不了我第一次獲得金牌的情況。,gkxx精品課件,remember to do: 記得要做某事 remember doing: 記得曾經(jīng)做過的事 eg. Remember to post the letter for me on your way to work, OK? 在你上班的路上記得幫我把信寄了，好嗎？ I remember seeing this man somewhere. 我記得在哪兒見過這個人。,gkxx精品課件,mean to do: 打算做某事 mean doing: 意味著做某事 eg. I mean to come earlier today. 我今天打算早點來。 Missing the train means waiting for another hour. 錯過這列火車意味著又要等一個小時。,gkxx精品課件,try to do: 努力做某事 try doing：嘗試做某事 eg. She tried to finish the work as quickly as she can. 她努力地要盡快完成這項工作。 I tried doing the exercise in a different way.,gkxx精品課件,stop to do:停下來做某事 stop dong: 停止做某事 eg. The workers stopped to have a rest. 工人們停下來休息。 The workers stopped working and have a rest. 工人們停止了手中的活，休息一下。,gkxx精品課件,go on to do: 繼續(xù)做另一件事 go on doing: 繼續(xù)做同一件事 eg, After doing the cooking, mother went on to do some washing. 飯做好后，媽媽又繼續(xù)洗衣服了。 The workers went on working after a short rest. 短暫的休息后，工人們又開始干活了。,gkxx精品課件,Verb-ing form used as the predicate of a sentence eg. Her job is teaching. 她的工作是教學(xué)。 Seeing is believing. 眼見為實。,,gkxx精品課件,Verb-ing form used as the attribute of a sentence eg. There is a shoe in the swimming pool. 游泳池內(nèi)有一只鞋。 He is in the reading room. 他在閱覽室里。,,gkxx精品課件,Answers to the e-mail: 1.visiting/ to visit 2. chatting 3. Visiting 4. pretending 5. chatting/ to chat 6. Stop 7. chatting 8. to do 9. pass,,gkxx精品課件,,高考鏈接,THINK IT OVER,It remains________ whether Jim will be fit enough to play in the finals. A. seen B. to be seen C. seeing D. to see Mary, _______ here---everybody else , stay where you are. A. come B. comes C. to come D. coming,gkxx精品課件,,高考鏈接,THINK IT OVER,Is it time you got down to ___ the papers? A. mark B. be marked C. being marked D. marking,gkxx精品課件,,Test yourself,THINK IT OVER,Go on ______ the other exercise after you have finished this one. A. to do B. doing C. with D. to be doing She didn't remember________ him before. A. having met B. have met C. to meet D. to having met,gkxx精品課件,,Test yourself,THINK IT OVER,I can hardly imagine Peter____ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed ----- You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. ----- Well, now I regret _____ that. A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done,gkxx精品課件,,Test yourself,THINK IT OVER,翻譯下列句子。 （1） 要學(xué)好一門外語是不容易的。 It's not easy to learn a foreign language well. （2）我們拒絕他們的邀請會顯得無禮。 It would be rude of us to refuse their invitation （3）女士們，先生們，我有一些重要的事情要告訴你們。 Ladies and gentlemen, I have something important to tell you.,gkxx精品課件,,Test yourself,THINK IT OVER,（4母親輕輕地走了進來，以免驚醒兒子。 Mother came in quietly so as not to wake the sleeping boy （5）我叫小李給你修收音機。 I'll have Xiao Li repair the radio for you,gkxx精品課件,Bye - bye!,Bye - bye!,同學(xué)們,來學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,同學(xué)們,來學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,