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1、Unit 4 Body language,知識歸納,知識清單,(一) 基本單詞 1. ____________ vt. 代表; 象征 2. ____________ vt. 成熟的,represent,approach,major,adult,單詞,5. ___________ adj. 可能的 6. ___________ n. 作用; 功能; 職能 vi. 起作用; 運轉(zhuǎn) 7. ___________ n. 安逸; 舒適 vt. 減輕(痛苦, 憂慮) 8. ___________ adj. 主觀的,likely,function,ease,subjective,(二

2、) 派生單詞 9. ___________ n. 陳述; 說明 →_________ vt. 陳述;說明 10. ___________ n. 社團; 聯(lián)系; 聯(lián)想 →_________ vt. 把……聯(lián)系起來 11. __________ adj. 好奇的 →__________ adv. 好奇地 →__________ n. 好奇心,statement,state,association,associate,curious,curiously,curiosity,12. _______________ vt. 保護; 保衛(wèi) →______________ n. 防御; 保衛(wèi)

3、13. _______________ vt. 誤解; 誤會→_________________ n. 誤解; 誤會 14. ___________ adj. 口語的 →_________ adj. 未說出口的; 非口語的,defend,defence,misunderstand,misunderstanding,spoken,unspoken,1. 保衛(wèi)……以免受 ___________________ 2. 很可能……; 有希望…… ____________ 3. 總的來說; 通常 _______________ 4. 舒適; 快活; 自由自在 ___________

4、5. 丟臉 ___________ 6. 背對 __________________ 7. 以……基礎(chǔ) _________________ 8. 小心 __________________,defend against/from,be likely to,in general,at ease,lose face,turn one’s back to,be based on,watch out,短語,However, people from places like Spain, Italy or South American countries approach

5、 others closely and are more likely to touch them. (be likely to do sth. 有可能做某事) 在大家庭成長的孩子很可能與其他人相處的更好。 →Children, who grow up in a large family, ____________ get along well with others.,are likely to,句式,核心要點,一、單詞 1. represent vt. 代表; 描繪; 體現(xiàn); 象征; 宣稱; 說明; 使明白,[課本原句] Yesterday, another student and I,

6、representing our university’s student association, went to the Capital International Airport to meet this year’s international students. 昨天，我和另一個同學(xué)代表我們大學(xué)的學(xué)生會，去首都國際機場迎接今年的國際學(xué)生。,【歸納】 represent sb. as/to be... 宣布某人為…… represent sth. to sb. 向某人說明某事; 向某人傳達某事 represent oneself as/to be... 自稱是……,represent/

7、 on behalf of/ stand for ① represent常用于代表某人、某集團、某政府等; 也可用于表示某種標(biāo)志代表什么。 ② on behalf of 為介詞短語, 常作狀語, 表示“代表/ 代替……”。 ③ stand for其主語往往是符號、數(shù)字、字母等, 表示“象征”。,用represent/on behalf of/stand for的適當(dāng) 形式填空。 (1) He was chosen to ___________ our school at the meeting. (2) What does “MVP” ___________? (3) The lawyer s

8、poke ____________ his client.,represent,stand for,on behalf of,2. curiously adv. 好奇地,【拓展】 curious adj. 好奇的 curiosity n. 好奇心,[課文原句]After half an hour of waiting for their flight to arrive, I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously. 在等了半個小時之后，我看見幾個年輕人走進了等候區(qū)，好奇地向四周張望。,【

9、歸納】 be curious about... 對……好奇 be curious to do 很想做; 急于做 It is curious that...(should)... ……是很奇怪的(從句中用should＋動詞原形) out of curiosity 出于好奇 in/with curiosity＝curiously 好奇地,完成句子。 (1) He ____________________ (感到很好奇) the people who lived upstairs. (2) The reporter _________________ (很想知道) whether the offi

10、cial is involved in the case.,was very curious about,is curious to know,3. approach v. 接近; 靠近; 走近 n. 接近; 方法; 途徑,[課文原句] Tony approached Julia, touched her shoulder and kissed her on the cheek！ 托尼走近朱莉婭，摸了摸她的肩，并親了親她的臉！,【歸納】 approach sb. on sth. 就某事與某人洽談(商量, 交涉) be approaching 快到了 at the approach o

11、f 在快到……的時候 make an approach to 向……提出建議或要求 approach to 接近; 近似; 約等于; (做某事的)方法/方式/態(tài)度,approach way means method 四者都有“方式”“方法”“途徑”之意, 但 approach側(cè)重指待人, 做事或思考問題的方式; way為一般用語; means指為達到某種目的或目標(biāo)而采用的方法、手段或途徑; method指有規(guī)律的, 有條理的做法。,① 表達“做……的方法”時各自的搭配分別是： the approach to (doing) sth. the way to do/of (doing) sth.

12、the means of (doing) sth. the method of (doing) sth. ② 分別與不同的介詞搭配： with this method, in this way, by this means,用approach/way/means/method的適當(dāng)形式 填空。 (1) He told me a new ___________ to the study of English. (2) You must solve this problem with different ___________. (3) The blocks are raised by ___

13、_____ of pulleys (滑輪). (4) There are several possible ________ of payment.,approach,methods,means,ways,【歸納】 defend sb./ sth. from/ against sb. /sth. 保護某人(某物)免受傷害; 保衛(wèi)某人 (某物) defend oneself against sth 為自己辯護 in defence (of...) 保衛(wèi)…… in sb.’s/ sth.’s defence 為……辯護; 在……的防備下,4. defend vt. 保護; 保衛(wèi),用適當(dāng)詞填空或

14、完成句子。 (1) She had to defend herself _________ the guard dog. (2) The duty of a soldier is to ____________________ (保衛(wèi)國家)．,against,defend his country,【歸納】 major in 主修 a major subject 主修科目 major industries 主要工業(yè) a major problem 重大問題,5. major adj. 較大的; 較重要的; 主要的 n. (主修)科目; 專業(yè) vi. 主修,[課文原句] I

15、 guess that there was probably a major misunderstanding！ 我猜這里可能有個大的誤會！,一句多譯。 在大學(xué)里她的專業(yè)是法語。 (1) _________________________________ (2) _________________________________,Her major is French at college.,She majors in French at college.,6. function n. 功能; 作用; 機能 vi. 運行; 起作用,[課文原句] The most universal

16、facial expression is, of course, the smile—its function is to show happiness and put people at ease！ 最普遍使用的面部表情當(dāng)然是微笑—其作用是表示快樂和安人心靜！,【拓展】 functional adj. 實用的 表示“起作用, 運行”的詞還有work，operate等。 function as 起……作用; 具有……的功能,完成句子。 (1) My chair can also ________________ (當(dāng)床用)． (2) In your new job, you will be e

17、xpected to ______________________________ (履行許多不同的職責(zé))．,function as a bed,perform many different functions,1. in general 總的說來; 通常,短語,[課文原句] In general, though, studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in today’s world of cultural crossroads! 總的來說，在當(dāng)今文化交融的世界，學(xué)習(xí)不同國家的習(xí)俗肯定能幫助我

18、們避免交往中的困難。,【拓展】 generally speaking 總的來說; 一般來說 in short 簡言之; 總之 on the whole 總的來說 in a word 總之；簡言之,完成句子。 (1) ________________________________ (一般來說), about 10% of the candidates are eventually offered positions. (2) ______________________________ (一般而言), there is a thriving black market in veh

19、icle parts. (general),Generally speaking/ In general,Generally speaking/ In general,2. at ease 舒適; 快活; 自由自在,[課文原句] The most universal facial expression is, of course, the smile—its function is to show happiness and put people at ease.,【拓展】 with ease 輕易地; 毫不費力地 feel/look at ease 感到/看上去心情放松 put/set sb

20、 at (one’s) ease 使某人放松、松弛 take one’s ease 休息; 輕松一下 ease sb of sth 減輕(消除)某人(痛苦),完成句子。 (1) He ___________________ (感到不自在) in the strange surroundings. (2) You’d better listen to some light music to ____________________ (讓自己放松 一下)。,didn’t feel at ease,put yourself at ease,3. lose face 丟臉,[課文原句] Ther

21、e are unhappy smiles, such as when someone “l(fā)ose face” and smiles to hide it. 還有不愉快的微笑，比如當(dāng)某人“丟了面子” 就會用微笑來掩飾。,【拓展】 in (the) face of 面對; 在……情況下 face to face 面對面地 make a face/faces 做鬼臉 save one’s face 保住面子 read one’s face 觀察某人的臉色 be faced with... 面臨; 面對,用face的相關(guān)短語填空。 (1) He doesn’t want to back

22、down and risk ____________. (2) I’ve never met her ____________. We’ve only talked on the phone. (3) Mike ______________ the biggest challenge of his career.,losing face,face to face,is faced with,4. turn one’s back to 背對; 背棄,[課文原句] In most places around the world, frowning and turning one’s back to

23、 someone shows anger. 在世界上大多數(shù)地方，皺眉或背對著某人都表示發(fā)怒。,【拓展】 turn back 往回走; 折回 get back 恢復(fù); 取回 fight back 還擊; 還手 bring back 歸還 take back 帶回; 收回 look back on/upon 回憶; 回顧 turn against (使)轉(zhuǎn)為反對; (使)變成和……敵對; 背叛,選用上述詞匯完成下列情景。 The other day I went to school to __________ (取回) my school bag. On the way back, I saw

24、two tall boys ahead of me. They _____________ (回頭看) now and then. Suddenly they _____________ (轉(zhuǎn)身) and began to seize my bag. As a brave boy I decided to ____________ (還擊). They were so frightened that they ran away as fast as possible.,get back,looked back,turned back,fight back,However, people fro

25、m places like Spain, Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them. 句中be likely to do...表示“很可能/有希望做…”, 其主語是sb./sth.即構(gòu)成“sb./sth. is likely to do sth”這一句型, 也可以使用“It is likely that...”句型, 但不能說“It is likely for sb. to do sth.”。如：,句式,It is likely that they wi

26、ll go to Italy for their honeymoon. ＝They will be likely to go to Italy for their honeymoon. 他們有可能去意大利度蜜月。 He is likely to arrive a bit late. 他可能會晚到一會兒。,likely possible probable ① likely是指從外表、跡象上進行判斷, 有可能發(fā)生; possible指客觀上有可能, 但往往含有希望很小的意味; probable的可能性比possible大, 表示“很可能, 十有八九”。 可能性由小到大依次為possible

27、, likely, probable。,② likely既可以用人也可以用物作主語, 常用句型是: It is likely that...或sb./ sth. is likely to...; possible和probable都不能用人作主語, 常用句型有: It is possible (for sb.) to do sth.或It is possible that...; probable只能用It is probable that...句型。,完成句子。 1. If you can find suitable learning methods, your learning effi

28、ciency ______________________ (可能會得到提高)． 2. ______________________________ (有可能) the important meeting will be put off till next week.,is likely to be improved,It is likely/probable/possible that,語法,動詞-ing形式作狀語 ★動詞-ing形式作狀語可表示時間、條件、原因、結(jié)果、方式、讓步或伴隨情況等，其邏輯主語通常與句子的主語一致，動詞-ing形式所表示的動作與主語之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。如： H

29、earing the news, students all jumped with joy.,Working hard, you’ll certainly make your dream e true. Seeing nobody in the office, I decided to leave them a note. The child fell, striking his head against the door. Please fill in the blanks using the proper words below. Knowing all this, they still

30、made me pay for the damage. She went out of the room, taking the flowers with her.,★動詞-ing形式的完成式所表示的動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之前。如： Having finished his homework, David went to bed. Having lived there for ten years, I knew the place very well.,★動詞-ing形式的否定形式常在其前面加not。如： Not seeing Susan, I asked where she was. Not

31、having done it right, he tried again. ★動詞-ing形式作狀語，其前往往可以加when, while, if, unless, once, though, as if等連詞，構(gòu)成“連詞+動詞-ing形式”結(jié)構(gòu)。 John hurt his leg while playing football. The woman stopped for a while as if waiting for a reply.,用括號內(nèi)動詞的正確形式完成下面短文。 My ideal (理想的) reading room is really fantastic. It will

32、be near the school library. 1. _________________ (study) the whole day, the students can e here 2. ________ (read) books. Inside the reading room against the walls will stand two bookshelves full of 3. __________ (interest) books or magazines.,Having studied,to read,interesting,There will be a vendi

33、ng machine (自動售貨機) placed in the corner, 4. ________ (serve) different kinds of drinks. 5. ________ (sit) in the fortable chairs, we can enjoy the stories or news while 6. ________ (drink) some coffee or chocolate. In my design, an area intended for discussions will be needed.,serving,Sitting,drinki

34、ng,7. _______ (make) up of sound-proof materials, this section will cause no trouble to other students 8. ______________ (concentrate) on reading. When 9. ________ (feel) tired from reading, students can relax in the sofa area equipped with two fortable sofas and a TV with headsets (耳機).,Made,concen

35、trating,feeling,1. Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, ______ the old town into a dreamland. (2016北京卷) A. turn B. turning C. to turn D. turned 2. The cooling win swept through our bedroom windows, ____ air conditioning unnecessary. (2016天津卷) A. making B. to make C. made D. being ma

36、de,【高考鏈接】,B,A,3. When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground, ______ whether to stay or leave. (2015湖南卷) A. wondering B. wonder C. to wonder D. wondered,A,寫作,如何寫慰問信 【寫作指導(dǎo)】 慰問信是向收信人表示關(guān)懷和問候的信函。其格式與一般英文信件的格式相同。語言要親切、生動，感情要充沛、真摯。 慰問信的正文一般包括以下內(nèi)容：一、首

37、先說明寫慰問信的原因；二、向?qū)Ψ降脑庥霰硎就椴⒐膭顚Ψ剑蝗?、向?qū)Ψ教岢鼋鉀Q問題的建議及具體措施；四、最后可再次表示寫信者的同情之心或良好祝愿。,【常用表達】 I’m sorry to hear / know that ... It was a great shock to hear that ... I just can’t tell you how sad I was when I heard that ... I understand how you feel now. I know the way you feel very well. I’d like to give you som

38、e advice. Here are some useful tips. I’m looking forward to ... I hope you’ll soon feel better.,【寫作任務(wù)】 為了幫助中學(xué)生健康成長，某中學(xué)英文報開辟了“HEART-TO-HEART”專欄。假設(shè)你是該欄目的編輯Jamie，收到一封署名為Worried的求助信。信中該同學(xué)向你訴說了自己的困擾：近日容易發(fā)脾氣，使正常的學(xué)習(xí)和生活受到了影響。請用英文給該同學(xué)寫一封回信。內(nèi)容要點如下： 1. 表示理解并給予安慰； 2. 提出建議并說明理由。,注意：1. 詞數(shù)120左右（信的格式與開頭已為你寫好，但不計入總詞

39、數(shù)）；2. 參考詞匯：脾氣temper。(2014年安徽卷書面表達) Hi Worried, I’m sorry to know that you’re having such a bad time at the moment. ____________ Yours, Jamie,【參考范文】 Hi Worried, I’m sorry to know that you’re having such a bad time at the moment. The truth is everyone will have one of those pe

40、riods when things seem to be going wrong, so you don’t have to worry so much. The important thing is to learn to control your temper so that you may not do or say anything you’ll regret. Here are three useful tips:,First, talk to someone you trust about how you feel. This is a good way of letting yo

41、ur anger out without hurting others or yourself. Second, go outdoors and play team games with your friends as physical exercise is a good way to release anger. And third, take a positive attitude towards your life, as it can be helpful in lifting your spirits.,I hope you’ll soon feel calmer and carr

42、y on as normal. Yours, Jamie,鞏固練習(xí),I. 用括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空。 1. At this time of year the river is a(n) ________ (true) beautiful sight. 2. He threw paint over the fur coats because he wanted to make a(n) __________ (state) about cruelty to animals. 3. There has always

43、been a close ___________ (associate) between these two schools.,truly,statement,association,4. I make use of every chance I get to improve my ________ (speak) English. 5. There must be some __________________ (misunderstand). I never asked for these chairs to be delivered. 6. “What have you got in t

44、here?” Felix asked _________ (curious).,spoken,misunderstanding,curiously,II. 用合適的介詞填空。 1. The school dining room used to also function ________ a meeting place for teachers and students. 2. After the doctors visit, the patient felt more ________ ease. 3. The curtains were swinging from side _______

45、_ side in the light wind.,as,at,to,4. Im not sick; ________ the contrary, Im in the peak of health. 5. ______ general, the train was on time. But that day it was late,on,In,III. 選用方框內(nèi)合適的短語并用其正確形式填空（每個短語限用一次）。,lose face, turn one s back to, together with, look away from, turn away,1. The cost of food

46、 _____________ drinks and prizes made it an expensive party. 2. She _________________ him because she didnt wish her eyes to give away her true feelings.,together with,looked away from,3. The teacher asked all of the students to ___________________ each other and make their signs. 4. She ___________

47、______ every opportunity to improve her health in the last ten years. 5. If Tom doesnt keep his promise, he ll ________.,lose face, turn one s back to, together with, look away from, turn away,turn their back to,has turned away,lose face,IV. 用括號內(nèi)動詞的正確形式填空。 1. The girl ________ (sit) at the end of th

48、e first row now is Alice. 2. Not ________ (know) which road to take, we stopped to look at the map. 3. This beautifully carved ________ (walk) stick is still in daily use by the old man. 4. At weekends, the number of cars in the streets increases greatly, ________ (cause) long queues.,sitting,knowin

49、g,walking,causing,5. Francesca was a(n) ________ (rise) star in the cinema. 6. It was a(n) ________ (touch) story that moved many of us to tears. 7. If __________ (disturb), the bird may abandon the nest, leaving the chicks to die.,rising,touching,disturbed,閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容 （1 個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 Wit

50、h civilian interest in house robots 1. ________ (grow) experts are expecting the robotic industry to explode in the future with even more 2. __________ (advance) machines that will work even more closely with humans.,growing,advanced,To make them more wele in our homes engineers are therefore workin

51、g on making them appear more human with 3. ________ (real) skin, hair and eyes. But what if they could shiver ( 發(fā)抖) or even get the goose bumps 4. ________ cold weather? What if you could feel their breath when they spoke? What if they could produce fake sweat and fake emotional stress or yawn?,real

52、istic,in,Humans trust signals 5. ___________ are given involuntarily. Any statement spoken by a robot is therefore more likely 6. ___________ (take) seriously if acpanied by these kinds of unspoken signals. There are difficulties, though: non-verbal munication is a vast subject that includes tonalit

53、y ( 音調(diào)), facial 7. ___________ (express), posture, eye contact and more.,that / which,to be taken,expressions,Furthermore experts are not only interested in reproducing these aspects but also programming robots with the necessary information so they can read and react to humans body language 8. ____

54、____ (correct) as well. Yes, all this will be faked. But many humans in the service industry successfully fake emotions when 9. ________ (deal) with customers.,correctly,dealing,Research has shown that even a simple smiley face on 10. ________ robot can make people feel as if they have interacted with it positively.,a,