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1、Unit 5 First aid,知識歸納,1. ___________ n. 衣柜,temporary,bleed,choke,cupboard,知識清單,aid,ankle,(一) 基本單詞,7. ____________ n. 皮；皮膚 8. ____________ n. 器官 9. ____________ n. 屏障；障礙(物) 10. ____________ n. 毒藥; 毒害 vt. 毒害; 使中毒 11. ____________ adj. 復(fù)雜的 12. ____________ n. 液體 13. ____________ n. 輻射；射線 14. ___

2、_________ n. 平底鍋；盤子,skin,organ,barrier,poison,plex,liquid,radiation,pan,15. ____________ n. 爐子；火爐 16. ____________ n. (生物)組織；薄的織 物；手巾紙 17. ____________ n. (pl.) 剪刀 18. ____________ n. 盆; 盆地 19. ____________ vt. 生死攸關(guān)的,stove,tissue,scissors,basin,squeeze,vital,bandage,22. ___________

3、_ n. 癥狀; 征兆 23. ____________ n. (水)壺；罐 24. ____________ vt. 禮節(jié) 30. ____________ n. 咽喉；喉嚨 31. ____________ n. 救護(hù)車,symptom,pour,ceremony,throat,kettle,wrist,damp,sleeve,blouse,ambulance,32. ____________ n. 損傷;傷害 →__________ v. 損害;傷害 33. ___________ n. 變化; 多樣(化); 多變(性) →__________adj. 各種各樣的 34. _____

4、_____ adj. 輕微的; 溫和的; 溫柔的 →________ adv. 輕微地; 溫和地 35. __________ vi. 隆起 →__________adj. 腫脹的,injury,injure,variety,various,mild,mildly,swell,swollen,(二) 派生單詞,36. ____________ adj. 難以忍受的; 不能容忍的 →__________v. 忍受; 容忍 37. ___________ adj. 牢的; 緊的; 緊密的 →____________ adv. 緊地; 牢牢地 38. __________

5、__ adj. (動作)穩(wěn)定有力的; 堅定的 → ____________adv. 堅固地; 穩(wěn)定地,unbearable,bear,tight,tightly,firm,firmly,39. __________ vt. 待遇 40. __________ n. 勇敢；勇氣 →_________ adj. 勇敢的 v. 勇敢面對,treat,treatment,bravery,brave,41. __________ vt. 涂; 敷; 搽; 應(yīng)用; 運(yùn)用 vi. 申請; 請求; 使用; 有效 →____________ n.申請人 →

6、____________ n.申請(書) 42. ____________ n. 壓力; 擠壓; 壓迫(感) →____________ v. 擠壓; 壓迫,pressure,press,apply,applicant,application,1. 病倒 _________ 2. 急救__________ 3. 榨出; 擠出 _____________ 4. 觸電;電休克 ______________ 5. 品種繁多的; 種種的 ___________ 6. 反復(fù); 多次 ___________________ 7. 在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢? 適當(dāng) ______________,fall ill,fi

7、rst aid,squeeze out,electric shock,a variety of,over and over again,in place,(三) 短語,8. 許多……; 若干____________ 9. 找到 ___________________ 10. 區(qū)別對待; 有影響; 起作用 ___________________,a number of,put ones hands on,make a difference,1. Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.

8、 除非衣服粘貼在燒傷面上, 否則都要把它脫掉(必要時可用剪刀幫助)。 unless為從屬連詞, 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句, 意為“除非……否則的話”, 相當(dāng)于if ... not ...。,(四) 句式,2. John was studying in his room when he heard screaming. 約翰正在房間里學(xué)習(xí), 突然聽到一聲尖叫。 be doing...when... 正在做……這時……, when在此句中意為“這時, 突然”, 相當(dāng)于at this/that time。,3. There’s no doubt that John’s quick thinking a

9、nd the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade’s life. 毫無疑問, 是約翰敏捷的思維和在校學(xué)到的急救技術(shù)挽救了斯萊德女士的生命。 There is no doubt that...是固定句型, 表示“毫無疑問…”, 其中that引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句。,1. aid n. 資助 課文原句： First aid 急救 【歸納】 aid sb. to do sth. 幫助某人做某事 aid sb. in (doing) sth. 在某方面幫某人 aid sb. with sth. 以某物幫助某人,核心要點(diǎn),(一)

10、 單 詞,give/offer/carry out first aid 進(jìn)行急救 go/e to one’s aid 援助某人 with the aid of sb.＝ with one’s aid 在某人的幫助下 in aid of 為幫助……,aid 正式用詞, 指幫助他人脫離危險或戰(zhàn)勝困難, 著重強(qiáng)調(diào)對急需幫助的弱者的幫助。 assist 強(qiáng)調(diào)在提供幫助時, 以受助者為主, 所給的幫助起第二位或從屬的作用。,aid / help / assist,help 最普通用詞, 含義廣泛。指一般性的或迫切需要的幫助, 側(cè)重積極地為他人提供物質(zhì)、精神或其他方面的幫助。如:,She came to

11、the gentlemans aid. 她來援助那位先生。 She assisted the hostess with preparing snacks. 她協(xié)助女主人準(zhǔn)備點(diǎn)心。 She helps with housework at home. 她在家時會幫忙做家務(wù)。,2. poison n. 毒藥; 毒害 v. 毒害; 使中毒,課文原句： You have three layers of skin which act as a barrier against disease, poisons and the sun’s harmful rays. 皮膚有三層, 它們是防病、防毒、抵

12、御太陽有害光線侵害的一道屏障。,【歸納】 take poison 服毒 poison sb./sth. 毒害某人/某物 【拓展】 poisonous adj. 有毒的; 有害的 be poisonous to 對……有害/毒,3. squeeze vt. 擠,課文原句：For second degree burns, keep cloths cool by putting them back in a basin of cold water, squeezing them out and placing them on the burned area over and over again f

13、or about an hour until the pain is not so bad. 對于二度燒傷, 要保持濕布清涼, 需把濕布放回冷水盆中, 擰出水后再放在燒傷面上, 這樣要反反復(fù)復(fù)地做一個小時左右, 直到不太痛時為止。,【歸納】 squeeze out 榨出; 擠出 squeeze...out of/from 把……從……中榨出來 squeeze in/into 擠進(jìn)…… squeeze one’s way 勉強(qiáng)通過; 擠過,4. vital adj. 至關(guān)重要的; 生死攸關(guān)的,課文原句： If the injuries are second or third deg

14、ree burns, it is vital to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once. 如果屬于二度或三度燒傷, 就必須立即把患者送往醫(yī)院或送去看醫(yī)生。,【歸納】 be vital to/for 對……極為重要 It’s vital to do sth. 做某事極其重要,5. pour v. 倒; 灌; 注; 涌,課文原句： Sam broke the blisters and poured icy water from the fridge onto the skin. Sam把水泡弄破, 把從冰箱拿出的冰水倒在皮膚上。,【

15、歸納】 pour into 涌入 pour out 傾訴; 傾吐 pour cold water over/on 對……潑冷水 pour sth. out to sb. 向……傾訴……,【運(yùn)用】用pour的適當(dāng)形式填空 I was_______________ of the train together with other passengers, but it was ________ cats and dogs outside. Seeing so many people _______________ the waiting hall, I felt this really

16、________ cold water on my plan to attend my teacher’s birthday party on time.,pouring out,pouring,pouring into,poured,6. treat v. 處理,課文原句： John used these to treat the most severe injuries to Ms Slade’s hands. 約翰就用這些東西把斯萊德手上最嚴(yán)重的傷口包扎起來。,【歸納】 treat sb. like/as sth. 把...…當(dāng)......看待 treat sth. se

17、riously/carefully 嚴(yán)肅/認(rèn)真對待... treat sb. to sth. 招待某人... treat sb. for... 治療某人(某處傷) treat oneself to... 吃...…; 享受 It’s my treat. 我請客。,【拓展】 treatment n. 治療; 療法; 療程; 對待; 處理,【運(yùn)用】 用treat的適當(dāng)形式填空 1) He’s receiving a _________ for cancer. 2) The doctor successfully _______ the wounded.,treatment,trea

18、ted,7. apply vt. 應(yīng)用; 運(yùn)用; 涂; 搽 vi. 申請; 請求; 使用,課文原句：He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived. 他使勁地按住傷口, 使血流得慢些, 一直等到警察和救護(hù)車的到來。,【歸納】 apply oneself to... 致力于……; 集中精力做…… apply (to sb.) for sth. (向…)申請……; 請求…… apply to (to為介詞)適用于; 對……有效 appl

19、y...to... 把……應(yīng)用于……; 將……涂/貼在……上 apply one’s mind to 致力于……; 專心于……,1. fall ill 病倒; 生病,(二) 短語,課文原句：First aid is a temporary form of help given to someone who suddenly falls ill or gets injured before a doctor can be found. 急救是在醫(yī)生來之前, 給生病或受傷的人一種臨時的幫助。,【拓展】 fall asleep 睡著; 入睡 fall behind

20、落后;輸給別人 fall apart 崩潰; 土崩瓦解 fall back 后退; 退卻 fall over 跌倒 fall down 倒下; 跌倒; (建筑物)倒塌; (計劃)失敗 fall in love with sb. 愛上某人 fall to pieces 崩潰; 倒塌,【溫馨提示】 fall ill 強(qiáng)調(diào)突然病倒, 短暫性動詞短語, 不與一段時間狀語連用; be ill 表示生病的狀態(tài), 延續(xù)性動詞短語, 可與一段時間狀語連用。,2. over and over again 反復(fù); 多次,課文原句：For second degree burns, keep

21、 cloths cool by putting them back in a basin of cold water, squeezing them out and placing them on the burned area over and over again for about an hour until the pain is not so bad. 對于二度燒傷, 要保持濕布清涼, 需把濕布放回冷水盆中, 擰出水后再放在燒傷面上, 這樣要反反復(fù)復(fù)地做一個小時左右, 直到不太痛時為止。,【拓展】 (all) over again 再次; 重新 over and over 一再

22、地; 反復(fù)地 again and again 反復(fù)地; 再三 once again 再次 time and (time) again 多次; 一再地 time after time 多次; 不斷地 time and again 一次次地 now and again 時而, 有時,【溫馨提示】 now and again＝(every)now and then 時而；有時；不時,3. in place 在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢? 適當(dāng),課文原句： Hold the bandage in place with tape. 用膠布把繃帶固定。,【拓展】 in one’s place 處在某人的位

23、置上 take the place of sb.＝take sb.’s place 代替某人 out of place 不合適的; 不恰當(dāng)?shù)? make place for 為……讓出地方,4. put/get/lay one’s hands on 找到; 得到,課文原句：He immediately asked a number of nearby people for bandages, but when nobody could put their hands on any, his father got some tea towels and tape from their ho

24、use. 他立即向附近的一些人要繃帶, 當(dāng)他們都找不到繃帶的時候, 他的父親卻從屋里拿出一些擦杯盤的布和膠帶來。,【拓展】 at hand 在手邊; 在附近; 即將到來 by hand 手工 in hand 在手里; 在掌握中; 在控制下 from hand to hand 從一人手中傳到另一人手中 hand in hand 手拉手; 共同地 on the one hand, on the other hand 一方面; 另一方面,5. make a difference 對某人/物有作用或 影響; 對某人/物重要/要緊,課文原句： It shows that a

25、 knowledge of first aid can make a real difference. 這表明懂得急救知識的確能發(fā)揮重要的作用。,【拓展】 make no difference (to sb./sth.) 對某人/物沒有作用或影響; 對某人/物不重要/不要緊 make some difference (to sb./sth.) 對某人/物有些作用或影響 make all the difference 關(guān)系重大; 大不相同 tell the difference 分辨; 區(qū)分; 區(qū)別,1. Remove clothing using scissors if necessary

26、 unless it is stuck to the burn. 除非衣服粘貼在燒傷面上, 否則把衣服都要脫掉。如果需要的話, 可以使用剪刀。 unless為從屬連詞, 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句, 意為“除非……否則的話”, 相當(dāng)于if...not...,(三) 句式,① unless＝if...not... 但并不是所有的if...not... 都能替換成unless, 特別是當(dāng)從句的動作或情況不發(fā)生, 主句的情況才能發(fā)生時, 只能用if...not..., 不能用unless。 ② unless與if, when等一樣, 可使用省略結(jié)構(gòu)。,2. John was studying in his

27、room when he heard screaming. 約翰正在房間里學(xué)習(xí), 突然聽到一聲尖叫。 be doing...when...正在做……這時……, when在此句中意為“這時, 突然”, 相當(dāng)于at this/that time。,【拓展】 be about to do...when... 正打算……這時…… be just going to do...when... 正要……這時…… be on the point of doing... when... 正要……這時…… had just done...when... 剛做了……這時……,3. There’s no doub

28、t that John’s quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade’s life. 毫無疑問, 是約翰敏捷的思維和在校學(xué)到的急救技術(shù)挽救了斯萊德女士的生命。 There is no doubt that...是固定句型, 表示“毫無疑問…”, 其中that引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句。,【拓展】 There is some doubt whether... 不太確定 I have no doubt about sth./that... 我確定/相信…… I doubt whether/if

29、... 我懷疑是否…… I don’t doubt that... 我不懷疑…… be in doubt 不肯定; 不確定 no doubt 無疑; 確實(shí) without/beyond doubt 毫無疑問; 的確,省略 在英語中, 為了使語言簡潔或避免重復(fù), 省略句中的一個或幾個句子成分, 這種語法現(xiàn)象稱為省略。 簡單句中的省略 在簡單句中, 可省略主語、謂語或謂語的一部分、賓語等, 有時甚至同時省略若干成分。如：,語法,(You) Hand me the book over there. (Is) Anybody against the suggestion? —What do you t

30、hink made David so happy? —Passing his driving test (made him happy).,并列句中的省略 在并列句中, 如果后面的分句與前面的分句中有相同的成分, 常被省略, 以避免重復(fù)。如： To some students learning math is very easy, and to others (learning math is) so hard. This machine functions well, but that one doesn’t (function well).,復(fù)合句中的省略 1. 定語從句中的省略 在限制性

31、定語從句中, 可省略在從句中作賓語的關(guān)系代詞that, which, whom, who。如： That is the film (which / that) we watched last week. Tom isn’t a man (whom / that / who) you can believe in.,注意： ①當(dāng)先行詞為the way時, 從句用that或in which引導(dǎo), that或in which也常被省略。如： We admired him for the way (in which / that) he faces his difficulties. ②關(guān)系代詞作介詞

32、的賓語, 且介詞置于關(guān)系代詞之前時, 則不可省略關(guān)系代詞。如：,The athlete to whom you talked is a famous runner. （whom 不可省略） 2. 狀語從句中的省略 在狀語從句中, 如從句的主語與主句的主語一致, 謂語中又包含動詞be時, 可以省略主語和動詞be。狀語從句中作主語的代詞it以及動詞be也可以省略。如：,While (I was) in Hangzhou, I paid a visit to the West Lake. The puter is of no use unless (it is) repaired. Although

33、 (he is) still young, he knows a lot. Hand in the work tomorrow if (it is) possible.,3. 賓語從句中的省略 在賓語從句中, 連詞that 一般可以省略；但賓語從句中包含that引導(dǎo)的兩個或兩個以上的并列的賓語從句時, 通常只有第一個that可以省略。如： I don’t believe (that) Mike has joined the army. Lisa told me (that) she was ill and that she couldn’t go to school the next day.

34、,注意：有時可用so或not代替上文的內(nèi)容。如： Work hard. If not (If you don’t work hard), you will fail in the exam. —Do you think Mr. Green will give us help? —I hope so. (I hope he will give us help.),【拓展】 動詞不定式中為了避免重復(fù), 常省去前面出現(xiàn)的相同部分, 而只保留不定式符號to；如果在省略的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中含有be, have, have been時, 這些詞要保留。如： I asked my friend to ha

35、ve a drink, but he didn’t want to (have a drink). —Are you a teacher now? —No, but I used to be (a teacher).,將下列句子改寫為省略句。 1) I’m not listening to music now, but I was listening to music in the morning. _________________________________ _________________________________ 2) Mrs. Smith won’t attend th

36、e party unless she is invited. _________________________________ _________________________________,I’m not listening to music now, but I was in the morning.,Mrs. Smith won’t attend the party unless invited.,3) The boy didn’t want to take these tablets, but he had to take them. _____________________

37、____________ _________________________________,The boy didn’t want to take these tablets, but he had to.,如何寫指導(dǎo)性說明文 【寫作任務(wù)】 你校英文報計劃出版一期急救常識專刊，現(xiàn)面向全校學(xué)生公開征集稿件，你有意參加。請你根據(jù)所給圖畫及漢語提示，用英語寫一篇短文，介紹如何用海姆利克氏急救法(the Heimlich maneuver)從窒息者咽部除去異物。,寫作,注意： 1. 詞數(shù)100左右； 2. 可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫； 3. 標(biāo)題已給出，但不計入總詞數(shù)。 How to help

38、a choking victim ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________,【寫作指導(dǎo)】 審題定調(diào) 本習(xí)作屬于指導(dǎo)性說明文，旨在為讀者提供解決問題的方法及具體的操作步驟。這類寫作的特點(diǎn)是：目的明確、簡潔明了、步驟清晰、操作性強(qiáng)。此類說明文的句子以祈使

39、句為主，時態(tài)以一般現(xiàn)在時為主，人稱多用第一人稱或第二人稱。,謀篇布局 本文可分兩部分來寫： 第一部分：簡要說明海姆利克氏急救法的適用對象（異物卡喉的患者）； 第二部分：按照動作先后順序說明施救步驟。,組織語言 第一部分,第二部分,【范文展示】 ? 普通范文? How to help a choking victim If you find someone is choking, you can try the Heimlich maneuver. That can save a life in seconds. Please perform it by following these sim

40、ple steps. 1. Stand behind the victim and lean him / her slightly forward. 2. Put your arms around the victim, make a fist with one hand, hold your wrist with another hand and place it below his / her chest.,3. Pull both hands backwards into their stomach with a hard, upward movement. 4. Do the a

41、ction again and again until the food in the throat is gone. Attention: Use less force if the victim is a child or weak.,? 高級范文? How to help a choking victim The Heimlich maneuver is the most effective way to save a person who is chocking on food. The steps are as follows: 1. Reach around the vict

42、im from behind, make him / her lean slightly forward and circle your hands around his / her stomach. 2. Make a fist with one hand, hold your fist with another hand and put the fist against the bottom of his / her chest. 3. Quickly and with force press the stomach inward and upward.,4. Repeat this

43、series of movements until the object stuck in the throat is removed. Attention: Use less force if the victim is a child or weak.,鞏固練習(xí),I. 用括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空。,1. Frank was under ________ (press) from his parents to bee a doctor. 2. War has made life almost __________ (bear) for the people remaining in the

44、 capital. 3. Her legs have got ________ (swell) from standing up all day.,swollen,pressure,unbearable,4. This medicine is ____________ (poison) if taken in large quantities. 5. “Of course I don’t mind,” she answered ________ (mild). 6. The same subject matter gets a very different ___________ (treat

45、) by Chris Wilson in his latest novel.,treatment,poisonous,mildly,II. 根據(jù)括號內(nèi)的漢語提示補(bǔ)全下面句子。(每空一詞),1. Bruce went home in a hurry because his kid ________ ______ __________ (突然病了). 2. Julia decided to go abroad for _______ ________ _____ ________ (種種原因).,a variety of reasons,fell ill suddenly,3. I

46、 read the article ______ ______ ______ ________ (再三) till it made sense. 4. Please take a look and see if everything is ______ ________ (適當(dāng)). 5. This scheme will certainly ________ ______ __________ (有影響) to the way I do my job. 6. Neil cut open a lemon and _________ _____ (擠出) the juice.,squeezed,o

47、ver and over,in place,a / the difference,again,make,out,,III. 簡化下面句子, 并保持句意基本不變。,1. The office has been cleaned and it has been painted too. The office has been cleaned and painted. 2. Harry did his homework, even though he didn’t want to do his homework. Harry did his homework, even though he

48、didn’t want to.,3. Recently Fred has been listening to a lot of music, but he has not been reading much. Recently Fred has been listening to a lot of music, but not reading much. 4. Although I could have gone to university, I didn’t go to university. Although I could have gone to university, I did

49、n’t.,5. The ceremony honoured twelve brilliant athletes who were visiting the U.K. The ceremony honoured twelve brilliant athletes visiting the U.K. 6. We can’t repair your car today but we can repair it tomorrow. We can’t repair your car today but we can tomorrow.,IV. 閱讀下面材料, 在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號

50、內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。,Even as a young army doctor during the French Revolution, Jean Larrey (1766-1842) did not wait 1. ________ the wounded to be brought to him but treated them on the battlefield. For this he was criticized by his superiors. But his 2. ________ (brave) and devotion to the wounded were recogni

51、zed by,for,bravery,Napoleon, 3. ________, when he became Emperor of France in 1804, made Larrey Chief Surgeon of his Imperial Guard. Larrey was always looking for new ways to relieve the suffering of 4. ________ (injure) soldiers. After seeing how fast horse artillery (騎炮兵) could move on the battlef

52、ield, he 5. ________ (create) “flying ambulances.” Consisting of a doctor, two assistants and a nurse in a,created,who,injured,horse drawn carriage, first aid could 6. __________ (apply) on the battlefield and the carriage used 7. ________ (carry) the wounded. Larrey introduced field doctors and nur

53、ses, first aid stations and campaign hospitals, 8. ________ (allow) operations to be carried out within 24 hours. This saved many lives. He also recognized the importance of changing bandages and 9. ________ (careful),carefully,be applied,to carry,allowing,cleaning wounds as well as separating soldiers suffering from disease so it didn’t spread. Larrey insisted that both friend 10. ________ enemy be treated and his ideas were decades later adopted by the Red Cross.,and,