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1、Unit1LearningaForeignLanguage,reward,vt.givesomethinginreturnforgoodandvaluabledoingsa)Thefatherrewardedthelittleboyforcleaningtheroom.小男孩因為打掃了房間而受到父親的獎勵。b)最終，他的努力得到了回報。Finally,hishardworkwasrewarded.,n.C,Usomethingasareturnforgoodandvaluabledoingsa)Asarewardforpassingtheexams,shegotanewbikefromherp

2、arents.她因為通過了考試，父母給她買了一輛新自行車作為獎勵。b)我聽說為捉拿那小偷設(shè)立了重獎。Ihearthereisabigrewardfortheseizingofthethief.,rewarding,adj.satisfyingandworthwhile(givingyousatisfaction,pleasure,orprofit)a)Shefoundtheexperienceveryrewarding.她發(fā)現(xiàn)這個經(jīng)歷使她受益匪淺。b)教學是一項很有意義的職業(yè)。Teachingisarewardingcareer.,frustrate,vt.1)causesomeonetoha

3、vefeelingsofdisappointmentShewasfrustratedbyherfailureinthecollegeentranceexam.她因高考失利而灰心喪氣。2)causethefailureofsomething他的態(tài)度破壞了我們的計劃。Hisattitudefrustratedourplan.,frustrating,adj.makingsomeonefeelannoyed,upset,orimpatienta)Itsfrustratingwhenyoureinahurryandthetrafficisntmoving.當你趕時間而交通擁堵、寸步難行時，你會感到十分

4、沮喪。b)Manyofthethingsmyfatherfindsfrustratingareexactlywhatmymotherfindsmostrewarding.許多父親覺得令人沮喪的事，恰恰是母親認為值得做的。,frustration,n.C,Uthefeelingofbeingdisappointed,annoyed,orupseta)Studentshavespokenoftheirgrowingfrustrationwithschooladministrators.學生們談到了他們對學校管理層的失望與日俱增。b)Thishelpspatientsdealwithsomeofth

5、efrustrationstheymaybefeeling.這有助于幫助病人應(yīng)對他們可能感受到的挫折和失敗。,junior,adj.havingalowposition,level,orranka)Shestartedasajuniorreporteronalocalnewspaper.她是從一家地方報社的初級記者開始干起的。b)他的職責是指導職位在他之下的人。Hisjobistogiveinstructionstopeoplejuniortohim.,senior,adj.havingahigherposition,level,orranka)Theyhavegoteffectivesupp

6、ortfromtheseniormanagementofthecollege.他們得到了大學高層管理者的有效支持。b)他的職位比我高。Hispositionisseniortomine.,CulturalnotesInChina,ajuniormiddleschoolreferstoastageofeducationafterprimaryorelementaryschool,andaseniormiddleschoolreferstoastageofeducationafterjuniormiddleschoolandbeforecollegeoruniversity.不同年級大學生的名稱：

7、freshman大一新生sophomore大二學生junior大三年級學生senior大學四年級學生,positive,adj.1)helpfulandencouraginginachievingsth.a)Ifyouwanttoimproveyoursituationyoumustadoptapositiveattitude.如果你想改善你的境況，就必須采取積極的態(tài)度。b)Theteacherssupportmademefeelbetter,morepositive.老師的支持讓我的心情有所好轉(zhuǎn)，也更有信心了。,2)definite;allowingnoroomfordoubta)Weare

8、stillnotpositiveastohowhedied,butwhenweknowmorewewilltellyou.他究竟如何死的，我們還沒有得出明確答案，但一旦了解到更多情況，我們就會告訴你的。b)Hemustbepositivebeforemakingadecisionaboutwhethertheseworkersshouldbefired.是否解雇這些工人，做決定前他應(yīng)該有個確切的想法。,former,adj.ofanearlierperiodTheformerpresidentmadeaspeechattheconference.前總統(tǒng)在會上作了演講。n.(theformer)

9、thefirstofthetwopeopleorthingsjustmentioneda)Ofthetwopossibilities,theformerseemsmorelikely.兩種可能性中，前者更有可能。b)面對一塊巧克力和一本書，大多數(shù)人會選前者。Giventhechoicebetweenapieceofchocolateandabook,mostwillchoosetheformer.,unlike,prep.notlike;differentfroma)Unlikeme,mybrotherlikestogetupearly.與我不同，我弟弟喜歡早起。b)Hewasfirmands

10、teadyunlikeothermensheknew.與她認識的其他男人不同，他既剛毅又穩(wěn)重。,intimidate,vt.createafeelingoffearinsomebodya)Hesaidhewouldneverbeintimidatedbyhisopponentspower.他說他決不會被對手的權(quán)勢嚇倒。b)他一直被關(guān)在監(jiān)獄里直到審判為止，以確保他不能恫嚇任何證人。Hesbeingkeptinjailuntilthetrialsothathecantintimidateanyofthewitness.,medium,n.(pl.mediaormediums)amethodforg

11、ivinginformationa)TVhasbecomethemostimportantmedium.電視已成為最重要的媒體。b)他說詩歌是表達情感的最佳載體。Poetryisthebestmediumforcommunicatingemotion,hesays.,adj.ofmiddlesize,amout,orqualitya)Shewasofmediumheightandmediumbuild.她中等身材。b)Thisisgreatnewsforsmallandmedium-sizedbusiness,inparticularthoseseekingtogrow.對那些中小型企業(yè)來說這

12、是個好消息，對于那些尋求發(fā)展的公司尤其如此。,access,n.1)Utherighttohaveorusesomethinga)Accesstostudentsfilesisrestricted.查閱學生檔案的權(quán)利是受限制的。b)IfyoudonothaveaccesstotheInternet,wellsendsomeonetohelpyou.如果你還上不了網(wǎng)，我們會讓人去幫你。2)CthemeansofenteringaplaceThesoldiersguardedtheonlyaccesstothebuilding.士兵把守著通向那棟樓的唯一通道。,get/have/obtainacc

13、essto:havetherighttohaveorusesomethinga)Anyonewhohasgotaccesstosecretinformationknowsthattheyshouldnotpassitonbytelephone.任何接觸到機密信息的人員都知道絕不能通過電話傳遞這些信息。b)輸入用戶名及密碼，你就可以獲得你的數(shù)據(jù)。Youobtainaccesstoyourdatabytypinginausernameandpassword.,participate(in):vi.takepart(in),a)Thereareregularclassdiscussions,buts

14、omeofthestudentsneverparticipate.雖然有定期課堂討論，但是有些學生從不參加。b)會員可以參加俱樂部組織的任何活動。Memberscanparticipateinanyoftheactivitiesorganizedbytheclub.,virtual:adj.,1)createdbythecomputertobesimilartotheexperienceofreallifeManyvirtualcommunitiesaregrowingontheInternetasmoreandmorepeoplewanttofindnewwaystomakefriends.

15、許多虛擬社區(qū)出現(xiàn)在因特網(wǎng)上，因為越來越多的人想通過新的方式交朋友。2）almostwhatisstateda)Thekingwassomuchunderthecontrolofhiswifethatshewasthevirtualrulerofthecountry.國王完全被他的妻子控制，他的妻子才是這個國家的實際統(tǒng)治者。b)Findingacheapplacetorentisavirtualimpossibilityinthisarea.在這一片兒想租到一個便宜的地方根本不可能。,commitment：n.,1)Uthehardworkandloyaltythatsomeonegivesto

16、anorganization,activity,etc.a)Itsapart-timeprogram,buttotalcommitmentisstillnecessaryforcompletingit.雖然這是一個業(yè)余項目，但要完成仍需要全身心的投入。b)Yourcommitmenttotheprojectisverymuchappreciatedbymanagement.管理人員十分感激你在這個項目上的投入。,2)Capromisetofollowcertainbeliefsoractionsa)Theorganizationhasmadeacommitmenttoplant5,000tre

17、es.那個組織已經(jīng)許諾種植5,000棵樹。b)HemadeacommitmenttohelpallchildrenlearnEnglish,buthesoonfounditimpossiblewithoutanonlinecourse.他承諾要幫助所有孩子學英語，但他很快發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有網(wǎng)絡(luò)課程這幾乎不可能。,minimum,adj.theleast,orthesmallestpossiblea)Hecouldntjointhepolicebecausehewasbelowtheminimumheightallowedbytherule.他不能當警察，因為他的身高沒達到規(guī)定的最低要求。b)Theloc

18、alshoppaidhimthelegalminimumwage,butworkedhimtwicethelegalnumberofhours.當?shù)氐男〉旮督o他法定最低工資，讓他干活兒的時間卻是法定工作時間的兩倍。,n.singularthesmallestamouta)Thehospitalhasreducedstaffingtoanabsoluteminimum.醫(yī)院已將員工數(shù)量縮減至最低。b)Aminimumof60,000wouldbeneededtocoverfeesfortwochildrenattendingpublicschool.供兩個孩子上公立學校的費用至少是六萬英鎊。,a

19、ssignment,n.Capieceofworkgiventoaparticularpersona)Robinspentmanylunchhoursdoinghismathassignments.羅賓用了很多午飯時間做數(shù)學作業(yè)。b)Ihatetointerruputyourconversationbutwedohaveanassignmenttodiscuss.我不愿打擾你們的談話，但是我們確實有一項任務(wù)得和你們商量。,embarrass,vt.makesomeonefeelashamed,nervous,oruncomfortablea)Theothersembarrassedherwhe

20、ntheylaughedathermistake.人們嘲笑她的錯誤讓她感到尷尬。b)Thereleaseofthesesecretdocumentshasembarrassedtheadministration.這些機密材料的泄露使行政管理部門十分尷尬。,embarrassing,adj.makingsomeonefeelashamed,nervous,oruncomfortablea)ItwasembarrassingthatIcouldntrememberhisname.好尷尬我不記得他的名字了。b)Thechildaskedmealotofembarrassingquestions.這個

21、孩子問了我許多令人尷尬的問題。,post,vt.putupsomethingonascreen,wall,ornoticeboarda)TheInternetwillallowpeoplewhowanttooffertheirhelptoposttheirnamesonawebsite.因特網(wǎng)允許那些想提供幫助的人把他們的名字公布在網(wǎng)站上。b)Illpostanoticeonthebulletinboardtoletotherslearnaboutit.我會在公告板上貼一個通知讓其他人知道這件事。,reap:vt,1)getsomething,especiallysomethinggood,a

22、saresultofwhatonehasdonea)Afterseeingmyfriendreapthebenefitsofhardstudy,Inowbelievethathardworkpaysoff.看到我的朋友努力學習，收獲多多，我現(xiàn)在相信努力就會有收獲。b)Thecompanyisstartingtoreaptherewardsoflong-terminvestments.那家公司開始從長期投資中獲利。2)cutandgatheracropofgrainFarmersarereapingcorninthefield.農(nóng)民們正在地里收割玉米。,benefit,n.Canythingth

23、atbringshelporprofita)Theprogramisbringingbenefitstothefarmers.這一計劃正在使農(nóng)民受益。b)Ifyoubelievethebenefitswilloutweighthecosts,youshouldopenaflowershop.如果你認為收益大于成本，就應(yīng)該開個花店。v.beusefulorhelpfultoa)Criticsarguethatthetaxcutswillonlybenefitlargecompanies.批評人士稱減稅只能使大公司受益。b)Keepreading,youwillbenefit.堅持讀下去，你會從中

24、受益的。,insight,n.C,Uanaccurateordeepunderstandingofsomethinga)Studyingsciencegavemegreatinsightsintonaturallaw.學習科學知識使我對自然規(guī)律有了深刻的了解。b)Wehelptroubledteenagersgainsomeinsightintotheirownproblems.我們幫助問題少年認識他們的問題。,bridgethegap:reduceorgetridofthedifferencebetweentwothings,a)Learningaforeignlanguagehelpsus

25、bridgethegapbetweentwodifferentcultures.學習外語有助于縮小不同文化間的差距。b)Hebridgedthegapbetweenballetandmoderndance.他縮小了芭蕾與現(xiàn)代舞之間的區(qū)別。,beworthsth./doingsth.:berewardingenoughforthetime,effort,money,etc.,a)Thebeautifultownandlovelybeacheswerewellworththe45-minutedrivefromourcotage.從我們的小屋到美麗的小鎮(zhèn)和迷人的海灘，雖然需要45分鐘的車程，但絕對

26、不虛此行。b)Hesdecidedtohavealookatthehouseforitiswellworthbuying.他決定去看一看那棟房子，因為它值得買下來。,a)Henotonlyfinishedhishomework,buthealsocleanedtheroom.他不僅做了作業(yè)，而且還打掃了房間。b)TheAmericansandtheBritishnotonlyspeakthesamelanguagebutalsosharealargenumberofsocialcustoms.英國人和美國人不但語言相同，而且有很多相同的風俗習慣。,notonlybutalso,Whenyouu

27、se“notonlybutalso”tointroducetwoclauses,youcanput“notonly”atthebeginningofasentenceforemphasisandthesentenceordershouldbeinverted(倒裝)：a)Notonlydidhefinishhishomework,buthealsocleanedtheroom.他不僅做了作業(yè)，而且還打掃了房間。b)Notonlyarethehousewivesnotpaid,butalsomostoftheirboringworkisunnoticed.家庭主婦不僅得不到報酬，而且她們單調(diào)的工

28、作大多數(shù)不會被人注意。,farfrom:notatall,usuallyusedtoshowthataresultofactionwasnotexpectedorwanted,a)Farfrom(being)angry,hesveryhappy.他一點都不生氣，反而很高興。b)Farfromhelpingthesituation,youvejustmadeitworse.你非但對形勢沒什么幫助，反而使形勢更糟。,keepupwith:keepthesamespeedas;goorlearnasfastassomeoneelse,a)Imhavingtroublekeepingupwiththe

29、restoftheclass.跟上全班的學習我有點困難。b)Itsimportanttokeepupwiththechangesofthetime.跟上時代的變化十分重要。,feellikesth./doingsth.:wanttohaveordosomething,a)Afterlyinginbedforawholeday,Ifeellikeawalk.在床上躺了一天了，我想散散步。b)Letitgo,hethought.Hedidntfeellikearguing.順其自然吧，他想。他不想爭辯。,giveup:stopdoingorstoptryingtodosomething,a)Tho

30、ughfacedwithmanydifficulties,hewouldnotgiveuponlinelearning.雖然面臨諸多困難，他還是不會放棄網(wǎng)上學習。b)Shegladlygaveupherpart-timejobtodevoteherselfentirelytoart.她欣然放棄兼職工作，完全投身于藝術(shù)。,thinkout:consideralltheaspectsanddetailsofsomethingbeforedoingit,a)Hechewedattheendofhispencil,thinkingoutthenextproblem.他咬著鉛筆末端，思考著下一個問題。b

31、)Thebookiswellthoughtout.這本書構(gòu)思周密。,comeacross:meet,find,ordiscoversomeoneorsomethingbychance,a)Theyoungmanwouldgetnervouseverytimehecameacrossagirl.那個年輕人每次遇到女孩子就緊張。b)Ididnotcomeacrossabitofdifficultywhiletakingtheexam.參加這場考試，我沒有遇到什么困難。,tradefor:exchangefor,a)Hedecidedtotradehiscarforatruck.他決定用他的小汽車換

32、一輛卡車。b)Iwouldtrademydictionaryforyourbook.我愿意用詞典換你的書。,nowthat:becauseofsomethingorasaresultofsomething,a)NowthatJohnhasarrived,wecanbeginourclass.既然約翰來了，我們可以開始上課了。b)MyoldestsonandIaregettingalongbetternowthathesgettingreadytogotocollege.我的長子馬上就要上大學了，我們相處得也就好多了。,insteadof:ratherthan(somethingorsomeon

33、e),a)Theytoldhimtostayhomewithhiswifeinsteadofgoingoutshoppingwithfriends.他們讓他呆在家里陪妻子，而不要和朋友去逛街。b)Youshouldbeoutforfreshairinsteadofstayingindoorsallday.你不應(yīng)該整天呆在屋里，應(yīng)該到外面呼吸一下新鮮空氣。,reachoutto:communicatewith;contact,WiththeintroductionoftheInternet,wecanreachouttoourfriendsbyemail.由于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的使用，我們可以通過電子郵件與朋友聯(lián)系。,,THANKYOU!,