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1、Nobel Prize Winners Passage A Read the text:?Einstein’s Compass Einstein’s?Compass 　?Young Albert was a quiet boy. “Perhaps too quiet”, thought Hermann and Pauline Einstein. He spoke hardly at all until age 3. They might have thought him slow, but there was something else?evident. When he did sp

2、eak, he’d say the most unusual things. At age 2, Pauline promised him a surprise. Albert was excited, thinking she was bringing him some new fascinating toy. But when his mother presented him with his new baby sister Maja, all Albert could do was stare with questioning eyes. Finally he?responded, “w

3、here are the wheels?”? 　　?When Albert was 5 years old and sick in bed, Hermann Einstein brought him a?device?that did?stir?his?intellect?. It was the first time he had seen a compass. He lay there shaking and?twisting the odd thing, certain he could fool it into pointing off in a new direction. But

4、 try as he might, the compass needle would always find its way back to pointing in the direction of north. “A wonder,” he thought. The invisible force that guided the compass needle wasevidence?to Albert that there was more to our world than meets the eye. There was “something behind things, somethi

5、ng deeply hidden.”? 　　?So began?Albert Einstein’s journey down a road of exploration that he would follow the rest of his life. “I have no special gift,” he would say, “I am only passionately curious.”? 　　?Albert Einstein was more than just curious though. He had the?patience?and determination

6、 that kept him at things longer than most others. Other children would build houses of cards up to 4 stories tall before the cards would lose balance and the whole?structure?would come falling down. Maja watched in wonder as her brother Albert methodically built his card buildings to 14 stories. Lat

7、er he would say, “It’s not that I’m so smart, it’s just that I stay with problems longer.”? 　　?One advantage Albert Einstein’s developing mind enjoyed was the opportunity to communicate with adults in an intellectual way. His uncle, an engineer, would come to the house, and Albert would join in t

8、he discussions. His thinking was also stimulated by a medical student who came over once a week for dinner and lively chats.? 　　?At age 12, Albert Einstein came upon a set of ideas that impressed him as “holy.” It was a little book on Euclidean plane1?geometry. The concept that one could prove?th

9、eorems?of?angles?and lines that were in no way obvious made an “indescribable impression” on the young student. He adopted mathematics as the tool he would use to pursue his?curiosity?and prove what he would discover about the behavior of the?universe.?? 　　?He was?convinced that beauty lies in th

10、e?simplistic. Perhaps this?insight?was the real power of his?genius. Albert Einstein looked for the beauty of?simplicity?in the?apparently?complex nature and saw truths that escaped others. While the expression of his mathematics might be accessible to only a few sharp minds in the science, Albert c

11、ould?condense?the?essence?of his thoughts so anyone could understand.? 　　?For instance, his theories of?relativity?revolutionized science and unseated the laws of Newton that were believed to be a complete description of nature for hundreds of years. Yet when pressed for an example that people co

12、uld relate to, he came up with this: “Put your hand on a hot?stove?for a minute and it seems like an hour. Sit with a pretty girl for an hour and it seems like a minute. THAT’s relativity.”? 　　?Albert Einstein’s wealth of new ideas?peaked?while he was still a young man of 26. In 1905 he wrote 3?f

13、undamental?papers on the nature of light (a proof ofatoms), the special?theory?of relativity and the famous?equation?of atomic power: E=mc . For the next 20 years, the curiosity that was sparked by wanting to know what controlled the compass needle and his persistence to keep pushing for the simple

14、answers led him to connect space and time and find a new state of matter.? 　　What was his?ultimate?quest?? 　　“I want to know how God?created this world ... I want to know His thoughts; the rest are?details.” Note 　1 Euclidean plane geometry (歐幾里得平面幾何):?A branch of geometry dealing with the p

15、roperties of flat surfaces and of planar figures, such as the triangle or the Note circle. The Greek mathematician Euclid first studied the subject in the 4th century BC. Think About It:? 窗體頂端 　　?1. What do you think makes a successful scientist? 　　?? 　　　　Answer:1. Curiosity, patience, determin

16、ation, genius, persistence ... 　　?2. What kind of boy was Einstein in his parents’ eyes? 　　?? 　　　　Answer:2. They might have thought him slow because he hardly spoke until he was almost three years old. 　 ?。? Einstein once said: “Curiosity has its own reason for existence.” How do you understand

17、this statement? 　　?? 　　　　Answer:2. Einstein was right because he himself was passionately curious when he was young. His curiosity was sparked by wanting to know what controlled the compass needle and this led to his later success. Summary In this passage we learn something about the young Alber

18、t Einstein. It seems he was never exactly an ordinary child but the writer pinpoints a case when he was given a compass at the age of five, which ignited his inspiration. Not only was the young Albert passionately curious, he was also remarkably persistent and would not easily give up on a problem.

19、Albert’s development was also stimulated by the company of intelligent adults such as an uncle who was an engineer and a medical student who was a friend of the family. Einstein was inspired to take up mathematics by Euclidean geometry. According to the passage, his true genius lay in his ability to

20、 express complex ideas in simple language. By the age of 26 Einstein had already produced his most famous work, although he never stopped looking for answers. Sentence Explanation 1. ?They might have thought him slow, but there was something else evident. 　If there had been no other evidence, the

21、y might have thought him slow (not quick to learn). 2.?The invisible force that guided the compass needle was evidence to Albert that there was more to our world that meets the eye. 　The invisible force that guided the compass needle made Albert believe that there were things we couldn’t see / t

22、hat were hidden to us. 3.?It’s not that I’m so smart, it’s just that I stay with problems longer. 　I can do this not because I’m very smart, but because I am more persistent at thinking over the problems. 　* Here “that” is a conjunction introducing clauses of reason (that can be replaced by bec

23、ause) or a clause of subject complement. 4.?While the expression of his mathematics might be accessible to only a few sharp minds in the science, ... 　While the expression of his mathematics might be understood by only a few perceptive scientists, ... Translation 愛因斯坦的指南針 小愛因斯坦是個(gè)安靜的孩子。愛因斯坦夫婦赫

24、爾曼和波琳認(rèn)為他“或許太安靜了”。愛因斯坦直到三歲時(shí)還很少開口說(shuō)話。父母差點(diǎn)就誤認(rèn)為他是反應(yīng)遲鈍，但有一個(gè)明顯的事實(shí)打消了他們的疑慮，因?yàn)楫?dāng)他真的開口說(shuō)話時(shí)，說(shuō)出的話便異乎尋常。兩歲時(shí)，母親波琳許諾給他一個(gè)驚喜。小愛因斯坦非常高興，以為媽媽會(huì)帶給他一件有趣的新玩具。但當(dāng)媽媽把剛出生的妹妹瑪嘉抱到他面前時(shí)，小愛因斯坦只是以疑慮的眼光盯著她，最后說(shuō)道，“輪子在哪兒？”? 　　愛因斯坦五歲的時(shí)候有一次臥病在床，父親赫爾曼送給他一個(gè)新玩意兒。正是這個(gè)小玩意開啟了他的智力。那是小愛因斯坦第一次見到指南針。他躺在床上搖晃擺弄著這個(gè)稀奇的東西，認(rèn)為自己能將指針糊弄到指向另一個(gè)方向。但是無(wú)論他怎樣擺弄，

25、指針卻總是會(huì)回到原來(lái)指北的位置。“真奇妙”，他想。引導(dǎo)指南針的無(wú)形力量使愛因斯坦認(rèn)識(shí)到，我們?nèi)庋劭吹降闹皇鞘澜绲囊徊糠郑挛锉澈筮€有“某種東西，某種深藏著的東西”。? 　　阿爾伯特?愛因斯坦就這樣踏上了他窮其一生的探索之路?！拔覜]有特殊的天分”，他常常說(shuō)，“我只是有強(qiáng)烈的好奇心。” 　　愛因斯坦不僅僅只是有好奇心。他的耐心和毅力使他做起事情來(lái)能比大多數(shù)人都更持久。其他孩子用紙牌搭樓房，搭到四層高時(shí)房子就會(huì)失去平衡而坍塌下來(lái)。而瑪嘉卻驚奇地看著她哥哥阿爾伯特能有條不紊地搭起14層的紙牌高樓。后來(lái)愛因斯坦說(shuō)道，“這不是因?yàn)槲矣卸嗦斆?，而是因?yàn)槲夷軋?jiān)持得更久。” 　　愛因斯坦12歲

26、的時(shí)候發(fā)現(xiàn)了一系列他認(rèn)為是“神圣”的觀念。那是一本有關(guān)歐幾里得平面幾何的小冊(cè)子。原來(lái)人可以證明那些不易明顯看出的角度和線段的定理。這個(gè)想法給年輕學(xué)生愛因斯坦留下了“難以形容的印象”。他把數(shù)學(xué)當(dāng)做滿足自己好奇心并用以證明他后來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)宇宙運(yùn)行規(guī)律的手段。? 　　他堅(jiān)信美麗寓于簡(jiǎn)樸?；蛟S這個(gè)悟性才是激發(fā)他天分的真正力量所在。阿爾伯特?愛因斯坦在表象復(fù)雜的大自然中尋求簡(jiǎn)樸的美，并發(fā)現(xiàn)別人看不到的真理。愛因斯坦用數(shù)學(xué)公式表達(dá)的思想也許只有少數(shù)才思敏銳的科學(xué)家才能理解，但他卻能簡(jiǎn)潔地闡明自己思想之精髓，使人人都能夠理解。 　　比如說(shuō)，他的相對(duì)論推翻了數(shù)百年來(lái)一直被認(rèn)為是完整地描述了自然界一切規(guī)律

27、的牛頓定律，給科學(xué)界帶來(lái)了一場(chǎng)徹底的變革。但是當(dāng)有人敦促他舉例說(shuō)明，以便讓大眾能理解相對(duì)論時(shí)，他說(shuō)：“把手放在燙人的爐上時(shí)，一分鐘就像是一個(gè)小時(shí)。坐在漂亮姑娘的身邊，一個(gè)小時(shí)就像是一分鐘。這就是相對(duì)論?！? 　　阿爾伯特?愛因斯坦的創(chuàng)新思維在年僅26歲時(shí)就達(dá)到了高峰。1905年他寫了三篇重要的論文，分別是關(guān)于光的本質(zhì)（證明原子存在）、相對(duì)論以及著名的原子能等式：E=mc 。在隨后的20年里，正是由于想知道是什么力量控制了指南針的指向所激發(fā)的這份好奇心以及堅(jiān)持追求簡(jiǎn)單答案的毅力，引導(dǎo)他將空間與時(shí)間聯(lián)系起來(lái)思考問(wèn)題，由此發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種嶄新的物質(zhì)狀態(tài)。 　　他追尋的最終目標(biāo)是什么呢？ 　

28、　“我想知道上帝是怎樣創(chuàng)造世界的??我想知道他的思路；其余的就都是細(xì)枝末節(jié)了?！? Read and think 1. Work in a group of four to do an interview. 1. Interviewer: a journalist from the magazine Children Education? 　Interviewees: Einstein, his mother Pauline and sister Maja? 　Time: two weeks after Einstein was granted the Nobel Prize? 　T

29、ask: Talk about some unusual things that happened in Einstein’s childhood, with the help of the three pictures below. 　　?答案：Clues of the interview: 　　　　　1. Pauline’s surprise to Einstein with his new baby sister, and Einstein’s response. 　　　　　2. Einstein’s recall of the compass. 　　　　　3. Maja’s r

30、ecall of the card house built by her brother, and Einstein’s interpretation of his patience and determination to keep at things longer. Read and think 2. Make questions that Einstein might have asked out of his passionate curiosity about the following. 窗體頂端 1.?the compass 　Why would the compass

31、 always find its way back to pointing in the direction of north? (Para. 2)?(Para. 9) 答案：1. the compass 　Why would the compass always find its way back to pointing in the direction of north? (Para. 2) 　What invisible force controlled the compass needle? (Para. 9)? 2.?a book on Euclidean plane g

32、eometry? ?(Para. 6) ?(Para. 6) 答案：2. a book on Euclidean plane geometry 　How could people use Euclidean plane geometry to prove theorems of angles and lines that were in no way obvious? (Para. 6) 　Could I adopt mathematics as a tool to prove the behavior of the universe? (Para. 6) 3.?beauty

33、of simplicity ?(Para. 7) 　　? ?(Para. 7)　　? 答案：3. beauty of simplicity 　How could I find the beauty of simplicity in the apparently complex nature? (Para. 7) 　How could I make the essence of my ideas understandable to everyone? (Para. 7) 4.?his ultimate quest?　　? ?(Para. 11)　　? ?(Para. 11)　　?

34、 答案：4. his ultimate quest 　How did God create this world? (Para. 11) 　What were His thoughts? (Para. 11) 窗體底端 Read and think 3. Fill each of the blanks with an appropriate word. 窗體頂端 　　It seems the young Albert Einstein was never exactly an ordinary child. When he was given a?c?at the age

35、of five, it ignited his?i??. Not only was the young Albert passionately?c??, he was also remarkably?p??and would not easily give up on a problem. Albert’s development was also?s??by the company of intelligent adults such as an uncle of his who was an engineer and a medical student who was a friend o

36、f the family. Einstein was?i??to take up mathematics by Euclidean geometry. His true?g?lay in his ability to express?c??ideas in simple language. By the age of twenty-six Einstein had already produced his most famous work, although he never stopped looking for answers. ? 窗體底端 ????Answer: ??1. com

37、pass?? 2. inspiration?? 3. curious?? 4. persistent?? 5. stimulated?? 6. inspired?? 7. genius?? 8. complex Read and complete 4. One word is wrongly used in each of the following sentences. Underline the wrong word and write out the correct one. 窗體頂端 　　Model: Einstein’s theories of relatively co

38、ntributed much to the development of science. (relativity) 　1. The spokesman was merely given a condense version of the document, so he didn’t know much about the details.? 　 　?? 　2. Stout’s curious in science was sparked by the fascinating stories about Nobel Prize winners.? 　3. When ther

39、e is too much smoke in the room, the devise would automatically turn on the alarming system.? 　4. Anyone without patience and persistent is unlikely to make a good researcher. 　5. There is convinced evidence that stress is partly responsible for his failing health. ? 窗體底端 ????Answer: ?? 　1

40、. The spokesman was merely given a?condense?version of the document, so he didn’t know much about the details. (condensed) 　2. Stout’s?curious?in science was sparked by the fascinating stories about Nobel Prize winners. (curiosity) 　3. When there is too much smoke in the room, the?devise?would aut

41、omatically turn on the alarming system. (device) 　4. Anyone without patience and?persistent?is unlikely to make a good researcher. (persistence) 　5. There is?convinced?evidence that stress is partly responsible for his failing health. (convincing) 5. Fill the blanks with the words given below. Ch

42、ange the form where necessary. pparent convince curiosity detail fundamental patience respond spark stir ultimate 窗體頂端 　　1. The theories of relativity have made??changes in our views of the universe. 　　2. That is our??proposal, and no other changes will be considered. 　　3. he fores

43、t ire was found to have been??by a cigarette end. 　　4. The speaker had??noticed that his topic wasn’t popular with the audience, so he quickly ended his speech. 　　5. I’ve no??with people who are always complaining of their misfortune.? 　　6. I have never imagined that I would be the object o

44、f such???. 　　7. The doctors tried to??her that she didn’t need to feel depressed about her health. 　　8. The police asked him to describe the accident in every??. 　　9. The quality guarantee and good after-sale services will certainly meet with positive??from the consumers.? 　　10. The stor

45、y of Harry Potter??the imagination of children throughout the world. ? 窗體底端 ????Answer: ?? 　 1. fundamental 2. ultimate 3. sparked 4. apparently 5. patience 6. curiosity 7. convince 8. detail 9. responses 10. (has) stirred? 6. Complete the following sentences with phrases or expressions from th

46、e passage. Change the form where necessary. 窗體頂端 1. The scoundrel has??a lot of people??believing he’s a rich man. 2. Isn’t this straw hat beautiful? My wife??it on her business trip to China last year. 3. A group of bystanders was invited to??the game. 4. Scientists will have to??new technolog

47、ies to improve the world’s food and fuel supplies. 5. The news of the President’s warlike speech yesterday pushed the stock market to a sharp rise of??120 points. ? 窗體底端 ????Answer: ??1. fooled ... into　　　 2. came upon 　　　3. join in 　　　4. come up with　　　 5. up to? 7.Translate the following se

48、ntences into English. 窗體頂端 1. 記者敦促發(fā)言人就此次軍事打擊作出解釋。(press for) ? Answer: Reporters pressed the spokesman for an explanation of the military attack. 2. 他的競(jìng)選演講未能使選民相信他就是參議員的合適人選。(convince) ? Answer: His election speech failed to convince the voters that he was the right person for the Senate se

49、at. 3. 盡管我承認(rèn)有問(wèn)題存在，但我并不認(rèn)為這些問(wèn)題不能解決。(while) ? Answer: While I admit that there are problems, I don’t agree that they cannot be solved. 4. 他在電視上的第一次辯論給觀眾留下了深刻的印象。(impression) ? Answer: His first debate on TV made a deep impression on his audience. 5. 一切事物都是互相聯(lián)系又互相作用的。(interact with) ? Ans

50、wer: All things are interrelated and interact with each other. 窗體底端 8. Read and compare the English sentences, paying attention to the italicized parts and translate the Chinese sentences by simulating the structure of the English sentences. 窗體頂端 1.?Choice Sentence 　 1) They?might have thought?

51、him slow,?but?there was something else evident. 　Simulated Reproduction 　 You?might have thought?plastic bags convenient,?but?they can result in serious pollution. 　Simulated Translation 　她本以為歷史就是一堆乏味的名字和日期而已，但易教授的講座徹底改變了她的看法。 　?? Answer: She might have thought that history was just boring nam

52、es and dates, but Professor Yi’s lectures completely changed her view. 2.?Choice Sentence 　All?he?could do?was stare with questioning eyes. 　Simulated Reproduction 　All?the doctors?could do?is ease his pain, without an effective cure for his disease. 　Simulated Translation 　飛機(jī)失事后，幸存者們唯一能做的就只

53、有待在荒島上等待救援了。 　? Answer: After the plane crash, all the survivors could do was wait for rescue on this desert island. 3.?Choice Sentence 　Hermann Einstein brought Albert a device?that did stir?his intellect. 　Simulated Reproduction 　The Nobel prize winner made a speech?that did stir?our stude

54、nts’ interest in science. 　Simulated Translation 　這個(gè)小男孩偶然讀到了一些關(guān)于百慕大三角（Bermuda Triangle）的故事。正是這些故事激發(fā)了他對(duì)自然界奧秘的好奇心。 　? Answer: JThe little boy happened to read some stories about Bermuda Triangle that did stir his curiosity in the mysteries of nature. 4.?Choice Sentence 　The invisible force?was

55、 evidence to?Albert?that?there was more to our world that meets the eye. 　Simulated Reproduction 　 The strange radio signals from space?were evidence to?scientists?that?life might exist in outer space. 　Simulated Translation 　DNA檢測(cè)結(jié)果向警方證明兇手另有他人。 　? Answer: The DNA test result was evidence to t

56、he police that the murderer was someone else. 5.?Choice Sentence 　He?was convinced that?beauty lies in the simplistic. 　Simulated Reproduction 　 The judge?was convinced that?she had nothing to do with the murder. 　Simulated Translation 　達(dá)爾文堅(jiān)信進(jìn)化論（The Theory of Evolution）的基礎(chǔ)是天競(jìng)物擇。 　? Answer:

57、 Darwin was convinced that The Theory of Evolution is based on natural selection. 窗體底端 9.?Work in pairs and complete the following tasks. A: You are a college journal reporter in physics and are appointed to interview Dr. Genius, an alumnus of your university who has won the Nobel Prize for the

58、 year and is invited to your university for a lecture. Prepare your questions and try to ask as many questions as you can about what has made him a successful scientist and his advice for the young college students who are eager to succeed. B: As the Nobel Prize winner in physics of the year, you

59、 are invited to come back to your university for a lecture on the topic of “The Way to Success”. Before the lecture, you are interviewed by a reporter of a college journal. Try to explain to the reporter what you believe are the essential qualities for a scientist and what preparations one should ma

60、ke for future success. You may use the following words and expressions:? special gift intelligent genius curious patience simplistic determination accessible persistence hard working ? Welcome back to ... I believe ... It’s an honor to ... It is of vital importance for ... to ... Wh

61、at’s your opinion about ... qualify sb for / as sth What do you think is ... lead to Thank you for ... take ... for example ? ? 　Reporter: Welcome back to the university. It’s an honor for us to have this opportunity to interview you. We’re all proud to have you as our guest. Dr. Genius:

62、I also feel honored to be back to this university where I spent the most enjoyable period of my time 20 years ago. 　Reporter: Dr. Genius, what are you going to tell us in your lecture? Dr. Genius: Mostly my experiences in the course of my exploration. They consist of both successes and failures.

63、　Reporter: What do you think of the development of science today? Dr. Genius: The more we learn of science, the more we know how little we know about it. 　Reporter: What do you think is the most important thing for students to learn at college? Dr. Genius: I believe they come here for knowledge,

64、but it is of vital importance for them to develop their characters. Of course, to qualify themselves for their future careers, they should also have a good command of basic knowledge and skills. 　Reporter: Does one have to be very intelligent, or to have some special gifts in order to be a successf

65、ul scientist? Dr. Genius: I don’t think so. But curiosity, determination and persistence are important factors for success. Take Einstein for example, he never thought he had a smarter mind than others. 　Reporter: Thank you very much for accepting my interview. Dr. Genius: The pleasure is also mi

66、ne.? 10. Read the sample below and write a short passage (100 — 120 words) to introduce a Nobel Prize winner and his / her “secrets” to success. Sample 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Maria Curie 　　Maria Curie was a truly remarkable figure in the history of science. She was the first woman scientist to win a Nobel Prize for Physics, and the first person to receive two Nobel Prizes. Maria Curie performed pioneering studies with radium and polonium (釙) and contributed profoundly to the understan