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Unit 2 English around the world,Period 4 Structures: Direct Speech & Indirect Speech,Learning Objectives:,You will be able to report command and request using indirect speech,,1.He said: “I’ve left my pen in my room.”→,,He told me that he had left his book in his room.,She said that he would be busy.,2.She said: “He will be busy.”→,Review,3.She said to Tom, “Can you help me?”→,She asked Tom if/whether he could help her.,1. 陳述句的間接引語—連接詞用that, 在 口語中可省略。引述動(dòng)詞用said, told,等。 例如： He said: “I’ve left my book in my room.” → He told me that he had left his book in his room.,,Review the Rules,2.疑問句的間接引語。一般疑問句后連接 詞用if或whether，而引述選擇疑問句時(shí) 只能用whether，引述動(dòng)詞用asked，沒 有間接引語的可以加一個(gè)間接賓語me, him等。 例如： She said to Tom, “Can you help me?” → She asked Tom if /whether he could help her.,3. 特殊疑問句用原句中的疑問詞作連接詞，改為陳述語序。例如：,→ The teacher asked me how I had repaired it.,The teacher asked, “how did you repair it?”,4.如何變時(shí)態(tài)： 直接引語 間接引語,,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 一般將來時(shí) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 一般過去時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 過去完成時(shí),一般過去時(shí) 過去將來時(shí) 過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 過去完成時(shí) 過去完成時(shí) 過去完成時(shí),,,,,,,如： 1) She said. “I have lost a pen.” →She said she had lost a pen. 2) She said. “We hope so.” →She said they hoped so. 3) She said. “He will go to see his friend.” →She said he would go to see his friend.,但要注意在以下幾種情況下。在直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)一般不變化。,(1)直接引語是客觀真理。 “The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth”, the teacher told me. → The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth .,(2)直接引語中有具體的過去某年、某月、某日作狀語，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí), 時(shí)態(tài)不變。 Xiao Wang said. “I was born on April 2l, 1980.” →Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980.,(3)直接引語中被引述的部分是反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的,習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或說話時(shí)情況仍然存在的,變間接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)保持不變。,The boy said to us, “ I usually get up at six every day.”,→ The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day.,(4). 若直接引語中含有when, since, while等引導(dǎo)的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語從句,變間接引語時(shí),從句時(shí)態(tài)不變。如： She said, “I went there when I was six years old.” → She said she had gone there when she was six years old.,(5). 若直接引語的謂語中含有would, should, might, must, used to, ought to, had better等動(dòng)詞時(shí)。如： She said, “We should help each other.” → She said we should help each other.,5.如何變狀語： 直接引語變間接引語，狀語變化有其內(nèi)在規(guī)律，時(shí)間狀語由“現(xiàn)在”改為“原來”例: now變?yōu)閠hen, yesterday變?yōu)?the day before, today變?yōu)閠hat day。 地點(diǎn)狀語, 尤其表示方向性的, 或用指示代詞修飾的狀語, 由“此”改為“彼”,(例: this 改為that), 如： He said, “These books are mine.“ →He said those books were his.,指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語的變化: this→ that; these→ those ; now→ then; yesterday→ the day before; today→ that day; tomorrow→ the next day; next week (month, year)→ the next week (month, year); ago→ before; here→ there．,Find out the differences between command and request,T: Open the window. T: Pass on the book to Lucy. T: Will you please close the door?,Discovering useful structures & Find the rules,Look at these examples. (command) (warming up) Would you please come up to my flat for a visit? (request) (reading) “Look at these examples,” the teacher said to us. The teacher told us to look at those examples. “Would you please come up to my flat for a visit?” she said. She asked me to go up to her flat for a visit.,,Summary: 祈使句 直引：主語+動(dòng)詞+“祈使句” 間引：主語+動(dòng)詞+to Verb e．g． The teacher said to me, “Come in .” The teacher told me to go in 。 John said to me , “Please shut the window?！?John asked me to shut the window。 1.祈使句變?yōu)殚g接引語，主要使用動(dòng)詞不定式。 2.謂語動(dòng)詞要做一定變化。 表命令，用tell，order，command等。 表請(qǐng)求，用ask，beg，request等。 表忠告，用 advise。 P89,1.“Please close the window,” he said to me. →He ______ me _____ the window. A. said to; to close B. told to; closing C. asked ; to close D. said to; please close,Exercise,2. He said, “Don’t do that again.” He _____ me _______ that again. A. said to me; not to do B. said to me; don’t do C. told me; don’t do D. told me; not to do,3. “Don’t put it on my hat.”his wife said to him. His wife told him ___put it on ___hat. A. don’t, his B. don’t, her C. not to, his D. not to, her,4. Rose asked Tom, “Did you see my purse?” Rose asked Tom ___. A. whether that he had seen her purse B. whether he had seen her purse C. that whether he had seen her purse D. that if he has seen her purse,5.He asked me ________ with me. A. what the matter is B. what the mater was C. what’s the matter D. what was the matter,Practice,1. Ex3 on P.12 2. Ex4 on P.12,Homework,Finish Ex2 on P.50,同學(xué)們,來學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,同學(xué)們,來學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,