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1、1.1 Jim Doherty may not be a born farmer , but he gets buy without too much trouble. Not that he has had it easy. That first hard winter he faced must have left him with the temptation to give up and go back to the city. But he managed to get through it without losing heart. He’s picked up a lot of

2、 skills since then and made some real improvements to his farm, though without much laborsaving machinery aside from that old rotary cultivator. I suspect he doesn’t make all that much, though he does have his writing to supplement what little profit he makes from the farm. I guess he does it primar

3、ily for the quality of life. Certainly, they seem a happy family and you can often see them out working together, one day spraying apple trees, the next stacking firewood. 1.2 A homesteader (自耕農(nóng)) is a person who lives a self-reliant lifestyle with major emphasis on home production. while the Indu

4、strial Age is being replaced by information and electronics, some people try to seek an escape from the social, environmental, and economic madness of the modern age and begin to consider returning to the country. As this lifestyle is so enjoyable, satisfying and rewarding, more and more people are

5、prepared to quit their job in the city and start a new and more meaningful life on their various farms. For some it has become not only a way of life, but a way of looking at the world. Of course, life in the country can be pretty tough. While it is an enjoyment to be so close to Nature, you may h

6、ave to reduce your dependence on fuels by cutting back on your daily consumption. You may also have to prepare your own meals every day and provide your own low-cost entertainment without the luxuries that are common in cities. On balance, however, living in the country has long been a part of the A

7、merican Dream. Generations of Americans have considered the country an ideal setting in which to live and raise a family 2.1 The underground Railroad was forged by the efforts of those who were prepared to fight against slavery and stand up for the long-suffering Southern black Americans. Some of

8、those who helped to transport slaves to the north and freedom were former slaves themselves. Others felt compelled to take part because of their deeply held convictions . For many of those involved, liberating the slaves from those who exploited them because a mission. While their eventual goal wa

9、s to abolish slavery completely, in the meantime they were intent on helping to free as many slaves as possible, often at considerable risk. In the eyes of slave owners, they were dangerous enemies and frequently received death threats 2.2 Despite the name, the Underground Railroad was not really

10、a railroad, but was a network of people who assisted fugitive slaves. Many fugitives who escaped to the North and Canada received assistance along the way from individuals who were involved in this network. By the early 19th century, the organization became so successful that it is estimatedthat t

11、hat between 1810 and 1850,100,000 slaves escaped from the South through the Underground Railroad. It was not a(n) coincidence that it was called the Underground Railroad. Steam railroads had just emerged and the terms used to describe the people who helped and the fugitives were related to the rai

12、lroad line. Fugitive slaves were called "parcels" and "passengers", the helpers were the "conductors", the people who provided their homes as refuge were called "stationmasters," and the homes were referred to as "depots" or "stations". The route used was an important part of a successful escape.

13、There were numerous secret routes that a conductor could use.The one used depended on where the search parties and slave catchers were stationed . Some trips required the use of many different routes. I f it appeared that they might be in danger, a guide would change paths. Some guides and fugitives

14、 even hid out in bushes and swamps for many days until it was safe to continue on. Quickness was not the main concern , instead safety was most important and as a result they often zigzagged in order to avoid capture 3.1 ?Statistics??show?that?crime?in??rural??areas?is?now?rising?faster?than?in?

15、the?cities.?The??era??when?the?countryside??stood??for??safety?and?secutity?has?long?gong.?No?longer?is?it?safe?anywhere?to?go?out?leaving?the?door??on???the???latch??.?We?all?feel??vnlnerable??and?seek?to?strengthen?the??barriers??we?use?to?hold?criminals??at???bay??.?These?can?range?from?old?fashi

16、oned?bolts?and?bars?to?the?latest??electronic???devices.?A?moment’s??reflection??,however?,is?enough?to?bring?us?face?to?face?with?the?following??puzzle?:?we?may?have?locked?the?evils?out,but?in?doing?so?we?have?locked?ourselves?in?.?this?hardly?seems?a??civilized?????way?of?life. 3.2 Statistics s

17、how that at some point in your life, you will get robbed. Things get even worse for apartment dwellers because so many people pass in and out of an apartment building, and it is much tougher to keep non-residents out. So what to do? Don't panic. Yes, apartments are liable to robbery, but there a

18、re options other than barricading yourself in your apartment with a shotgun. We suggest that you use some common sense to shift that target from your door. Then the burglar will rob the less guarded, not you. We know what you're thinking: "I' ll never get robbed. Who'd want to steal a half can of

19、Diet Coke and an electric toothbrush?" If those really are the only things in your apartment, you have every reason not to worry. However, if you have something you'd like to keep - say, a TV, a stereo, a computer, a Picasso - it's wise to be cautious . Your goal is not to set up any sophisticated

20、 security systems to hold thieves at bay; your goal is to keep crimi nals from even trying to break into your apartment in the first place. I f someone really wants to break in, chances are that he/she is going to find a way by breaking a window or climbing up the fire escape. Therefore, you shoul

21、d remove all signs that say, "Hey, look at me! Lots of goodies and no security! Come on in! " Lock the door when you leave. Don't leave the windows open all day long. Don't tape notes on the door directed to your mate reading "Gone all day! Left the door unlocked for you! " Just use your brains! 4.

22、1 Einstein’s teacher should have had a little more caution before he came to the conclusion that his pupil would never get anywhere in life. Probably he was irritated by the thought that the young Einstein was undermining his position. And certainly it is true that Einstein did not give/care a fig

23、for authority. However,far from being a flaw in Einstein is character,this proved ,beyond any doubt ,to be one of his greatest strengths. It was on this foundation,combined with the remarkable power of his remarkable/imagination,that his great achievements were built. 4.2 Imagining is not dreaming

24、. Maybe to a(n) extent but it is more than that. Imagining is being creative. We owe all the inventions and developments to imagination, without which, I bet we would still be cavemen. Knowledge is important but imagination is even more important. Imagination deals with the future and knowl

25、edge deals with the past. Imagination creates and knowledge manages . Imagination breaks the norm and knowledge maintains the status quo. A leader needs imagination to create a vision . A manager needs knowledge to operate the organization. An organization with only managers will be obsolete eventua

26、lly . Not only is it important in business. Imagination is required to solve problems that mankind have, and move humans to a higher level of achievement and well being. How are we going to solve global warming? How are we going to eradicate poverty? We need imagination to come out with the

27、solutions. Einstein wouldn't have realized the theory of relativity if he had not utilized his imagination. In any field, if you are a leader, you need to imagine, for the breakthrough . 5.1 alex?Haley?was?at?sea?when?he?started?thinking?how?best?he?could?mark?Thanksgiving?.?Turning??ove

28、r?the?meaning?of?the?holiday?in?his?mind?,?he?came?to?reverse?the?order?of?the?words?and?got?to?thinking?about?giving?thanks?.?How?,?he?wondered?,?could?he?repay?those?who?had?been?so?helpful?to?him?in?the?past???It?seemde?to?him?that?the?best?way?he?could?express?his?gratitude?would?be?to?write?to?

29、them?.?For?too?long?he?had?gone?about?without?troubling?to?tell?them?how?much?he?appreciated?all?that?they?had?done?for?him?.?Before?long?he?had?assembled?pen?and?paper?and?was?immersed?in?writing?.?Not?long?after?the?ship?reached?port?,?unloading?its?cargo?together?with?his?letters?.?The?replies?we

30、re?not?swift??in?arriving?,?but?when?they?did?,?he?found?them?deeply?moving? 5.2 Wake up each day and give gratitude for what you have. Instead (1) of giving any thought at all to what you do not have in your life, just spend as much time as you possibly can each day giving thanks for all of the

31、 people, opportunities, material possessions (2), good health and any other things that you have in your life that make it so good. It is said that we take so much for granted that we sometimes forget to be thankful for the small things that make our lives so much richer (3). If you have ever been o

32、ut of breath (4) or under water for too long, the next breaths you take are that much sweeter. Tell others how much you love and cherish (5) them every chance you get. You may never see someone again so you always want to leave them by telling them just how special (6) they are to you. When y

33、ou are telling them how much you care about them and how thankful you are for having them in your life, give them specific (7) examples of what you love about them the most. Take the time to appreciate every little thing in your life. When the sun is shining (8), the grass is wet beneath you

34、r feet and your dog is barking, give thanks for these small miracles (9). Every moment we have is a gift (10). Use your time to show and tell others how important and special they are. Giving someone your time and kind words is the greatest gift of all. 6.1 I?had?only?known?Johnsy?a?few?months?

35、when?she?fell?victim?to?the?disease.?We?had?met?in?May?and,?finding?ourselves?so?much?in?tune,?had?set?up?home?together.?Then,?in?November,?she?became?ill.?Scarcely?able?to?speak?in?a,?she?seemed?unable?to?cling?to?life.?It?was?such?a?change.?Before?she?had?always?been?so?lively?and merry?.?Now?she?

36、just?sat?up?in?bed,?staring?out?of?the?window.?She?had?this?strange?belief?that?once?the?last?leaf?on?the?vine?outside?fell,?she?would?die.?I?told?her?it?was?all?nonsense?,?but?to?no?effect.?? It?was?our?downstairs?neighbor,?Mr.?Behrman,?who?came?to?her?rescue.?When?he?heard?of?Johnsy’s?strange?fan

37、cy?he?flew?into?a?fierce?temper,?regarding?it?as?a?sin?that?one?so?young?should?give?up?life?so?easily.?? Thanks?to?Behrman,?the?last?leaf?never?did?fall.?Late?at?night?he?had?climbed?up?and?painted?the?leaf?on?the?wall.?It?was?his?long-promised?masterpiece 6.2 Five years ago a female inmate (犯

38、人) at Riker's Island told Jane Paley that she smelled wonderful. As president of Friendly Visitors, a 50-year-old organization whose mission (1) is "acts of loving kindness that don't involve (2) large sums of money or hours of work," Paley frequently went to the New York City jail (3). That day, th

39、ough, a spray of perfume (香水) went off in her head. Her group had long donated (捐贈) money so that the 100 women in the jail could buy food and treats. Why not (4) give them fancy toiletries (化妝用品) too? Paley and her crew of 35 women figured out the perfect way to get the goods: They asked f

40、riends to collect (5) hotel soaps, shampoos and lotions when they travel. Volunteers bundle them into goody bags and deliver (6) them to Riker's several times a year, including Christmas and Mother's Day. "These mini-donations make the women feel beautifu (7)," says Paley. "You can see them t

41、urn themselves around a little bit." So, Paley continues, "If you're lucky enough to afford a vacation (8), take the soap and shampoos. Bring them to homeless shelters, battered women shelters or any organization in need (9). It's a small (10) act that may mean a great deal." 7.1 It's b

42、een a long day and I'm glad to be back home and get the weight off my feet(1). Not that I've finished yet, there are still all those orders (訂單) to type up and I must remember to add my signature (2) to my claim (索取) for commission (3)before I post it off. Otherwise, my firm will be on the phone (4)

43、 to me about it. Not that they have much to complain about. I always manage to sell quite a lot, except that time I was laid up (5) after surgery(6). I'm the only representative the firm has out on the streets nowadays and I still manage to cover a large territory (7) despite my disorder (8). It's

44、hard work and long hours, no time to linger in bed in the mornings,Yet, I've never regretted applying for (9) the job all those years ago. Supporting myself enables me to keen my dignity (10). 7.2 ?imagine how you would fill in 24 hours a day, every day, if you didn't have to work. There you go

45、- off to the beach in summer, the movies in winter, watch T.V. on rainy days, go skating or horse riding, read a lot of books or magazines, sleep . . . But would you? Where would the money come from to pay your bus fares, to get into the movies, to buy your T.V. or to pay for the electricity, or

46、buy your skates and books? Let's say that money grew on trees, and that no-one had to worry about that "small" problem. Now you can do all those things... right? Probably not, because if no-one had to worry about earning money, then who would bother driving your bus to the beach - for that mat

47、ter, who would bother building your bus, or making your movies, skates, books, etc.? Why would they have to? What you'd probably end up doing would be spending most of your time out in the fields growing your own food, or looking after your cows for milk and meat, your sheep for clothing, growin

48、g bamboo for the walls of your humpy. Why would you need to do this? Because no-one else would need to do it to earn money, because money grew on trees - right? Obviously, money in that sort of society doesn't really exist, and is of no value to the people... 8.1 In his interview, Samue

49、l Wood discusses the issue of human cloning. It is, he freely admits, a contentious one. He personally does not approve of producing human clones for reproductive purposes, as he believes this has great potential to provide new means to fight disease. Nonetheless, there are those who condemn human c

50、loning in this area also. Partly this stems from misconception about what is involved, but partly the opposition comes from differences in deeply held values. Wood names the Pope and President Bush as two notable opponents of his work. Wood’s own commitment to his research result from the promise he

51、 made to himself to look for a cure to the disease from which his mother died. It was a promise that was later to lead him to come forward in public as the first man to clone himself. This he did by transplanting one of his own cells into a clonated egg from which the genetic material had been remov

52、ed 8.2 Since Dolly came into existence, scientists and politicians have been worrying about the prospect(1) that it will soon be possible to clone humans, too. The debate centers on two types of cloning: reproductive, with the intention (2) of_producing a baby, and therapeutic (治療的), with the

53、aim of creating a source of “embryonic” stem cells (干細胞) that might replace diseased organs of the body. Cloning has both strong supporters and fierce critics. Despite(3) the deeply held moral and technological objections of many people, human cloning took a small step forward this week wi

54、th an announcement by researchers that they had successfully created a human embryo through cloning,_for the purpose of developing(4) stem cells. They are not the first to lay claim to such a feat, but they are the first to publish (5) their findings. Their work was promptly condemned (6) by Presi

55、dent George Bush, who said it was morally wrong, and by the Vatican, among (7)many others. From a technical standpoint(8), such strong opposition seems out of line with the slender scientific significance of this development. The researchers used what has become standard(9) cloning

56、method in animals. This is to remove the nucleus (核) containing genetic material from a donor egg, and replace it with the nucleus of another cell. The resulting stem cells would then be genetically identical to the donor, avoiding problems of rejection(10) when they are returned to the patient in treatment.