2014屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) Unit4《Earthquakes》句式與語法全方位訓(xùn)練2 新人教版必修1
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111 2014屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)全方位配套訓(xùn)練人教版必修一Unit 4 Earthquakes句式與語法2 1.those who... 凡是……的人 【??加梅ā? those who相當(dāng)于people who,意為“凡是……的人”,表示兩者以上的不定數(shù)量。who在它引導(dǎo)的定語從句中作主語,不能省略,且謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù),不能用that替換who。 【鏈接】 anybody/anyone who相當(dāng)于whoever,意為“凡是……的人”,表示兩者以上的不定數(shù)量。who在它引導(dǎo)的定語從句中作主語,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 Those who break the law will be punished. =Anyone who breaks the law will be punished. =Whoever breaks the law will be punished. 違法的人將會(huì)受到懲罰。 【十年高考鏈接】 (2006·北京高考)Women drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those don’t. A.who;/ B.who;/ C.who;who D./;/ 答案:C 句意:那些每天喝兩杯多咖啡的女人比不喝的人更有可能患心臟病。分別用who引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾women和those,who在從句中作主語,不能省略。 2....was doing...when... ……正在做……這時(shí)(突然)…… 【??加梅ā? 句子when用作并列連詞,意為“這時(shí)”,不能換用while。 【句式鏈接】 was/were about to do...when...剛要做……這時(shí)(突然)…… was/were on the point of doing...when...剛要做……這時(shí)(突然)…… hardly had sb.done...when...某人剛剛做……這時(shí)(突然)…… She was applying herself to her work in the office when the building caught fire. 她正在辦公室忙于工作這時(shí)大樓突然著火了。 We were having a meeting when someone broke in angrily. 我們正在開會(huì)這時(shí)有人怒氣沖沖地闖了進(jìn)來。 They were working in the fields when it began to pour. 他們正在田地里勞作這時(shí)天下起了傾盆大雨。 【十年高考鏈接】 (1)(2013·陜西高考) Jim a late night film at home when,right in the middle of a thrilling scene,the television went blank. A.watched B.had watched C.was watching D.would be watching 答案:C 句意:吉姆在家看一部午夜電影,看到中間一幕驚險(xiǎn)的場景時(shí),屏幕上突然出現(xiàn)一片空白。該句考查be doing...when...結(jié)構(gòu),意為“正在做……就在這時(shí)(突然)……”。從后面的動(dòng)作went blank可知“看電影”發(fā)生在過去;并且是當(dāng)吉姆正在看的時(shí)候,所以該題要用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),即was watching。 (2)(2011·浙江高考)One Friday,we were packing to leave for a weekend away my daughter heard cries for help. A.after B.while C.since D.when 答案:D 本題考查固定句式。句意:一個(gè)周五,我們正在打包裹動(dòng)身去過周末,就在這時(shí)我女兒聽到了呼救聲。 表示“正在做……就在這時(shí)(突然)……”用be doing...when...,所以D項(xiàng)正確。when用作并列連詞,在句中表示“就在這時(shí)(突然)……”之意,它構(gòu)成的固定句式是:be doing sth./be about to do sth./had done sth.when...對(duì)于此類題,解題的關(guān)鍵是要理清題干或選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)的標(biāo)志詞,如本題中的were packing就是標(biāo)志詞,再結(jié)合句意與邏輯,套用固定句式,就能找到答案。 (3)(2009·福建高考)She had just finished her homework her mother asked her to practise playing the piano yesterday. A.when B.while C.after D.since 答案:A 本題考查when的用法。由句意可知此處when用作并列連詞,意為“這時(shí)”。 (4)(2010·大綱全國高考Ⅱ)Tom was about to close the window his attention was caught by a bird. A.when B.if C.and D.till 答案:A 句意:湯姆剛要關(guān)窗,這時(shí)他的注意力被一只鳥吸引了。Sb.be about to do...when...是一個(gè)固定句式,表示“某人正要做……這時(shí)……”。 3.Before sb.... 某人還沒來得及……就…… 【常考用法】 before用作連詞時(shí),其基本含義是“在……之前”,又可以根據(jù)不同語境靈活翻譯成“才”、“還沒來得及就……”、“趁……”、“就”等。具體用法如下: (1)與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/could連用 這時(shí)候從句雖為肯定形式,根據(jù)漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣譯成“還沒來得及就”。 Before I could get in a word,he had measured me.我還沒來得及插話他就為我量好了尺寸。 Before she could move,she heard a loud noise,which grew to a terrible roar. 她還沒來得及邁步,就聽見一聲巨響,接著就是可怕的隆隆轟鳴。 (2)用于肯定句中強(qiáng)調(diào)主句所表達(dá)的時(shí)間、距離長,或花費(fèi)的精力大,譯成“才”。 We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw lands. 我們航行了四天四夜才看到陸地。 We waited a long time before the train arrived.我們等了很長時(shí)間火車才到。 (3)用于否定句中,強(qiáng)調(diào)主句所表達(dá)的時(shí)間、距離短,或花費(fèi)的精力小,譯成“不到……就”。 We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired.我們跑了還不到一英里他就覺得累了。 (4)主句含有hardly,scarcely等半否定副詞時(shí)可以譯為“剛……就”。這時(shí)候主句應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)態(tài),從句用過去時(shí),還可以用when替代before。 We had scarcely reached the school before/when the bell rang.我們剛到學(xué)校鈴聲就響了。 (5)有時(shí)還有“(寧可……而)不愿”的意思。 I’d shoot myself before I apologized to him.我寧死也不向他道歉。 (6)用于It+be/takes+時(shí)間段+before句型。 在這一句型中又可以根據(jù)主從句的時(shí)態(tài)分成兩種情況。 ①若主句是一般將來時(shí)態(tài),從句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。若主句是肯定形式,意思是“要過多長時(shí)間才”;若主句是否定形式,翻譯成“用不了多久就”。 It will be two weeks before everything returns to normal.兩周之后一切才能恢復(fù)正常。 It will be many years before the situation improves.這種狀況要過許多年才能得以改善。 It won’t be long before we meet again.用不了多久我們就會(huì)再見面的。 ②若主句是一般過去時(shí),從句也是一般過去時(shí)。若主句是肯定形式,翻譯成“多長時(shí)間之后才”;若主句是否定形式,翻譯成“沒過多久就”。 It was some time before I realized that I was wrong.過了很長一段時(shí)間我才意識(shí)到我錯(cuò)了。 It wasn’t long before she became a brave soldier.沒過多久她就成了一名勇敢的戰(zhàn)士。 After that it still took seven years before they got married.那之后他們又過了七年才結(jié)婚。 【注意】 當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí),before與until有時(shí)可以互換。如:It was an hour before/until the police arrived. 【十年高考鏈接】 (1)(2013·湖南高考)You must learn to consult your feelings and your reason you reach any decision. A.although B.before C.because D.unless 答案:B although “雖然,盡管”,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句;before“在……之前”,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句;because “因?yàn)椤?,引?dǎo)原因狀語從句;unless “除非”,引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。句意:做任何決定之前,必須學(xué)會(huì)尊重自己的情感與理智。空格前后的時(shí)間先后意味較為明顯,所以答案為B。 (2)(2013·陜西高考) I have heard a lot of good things about you I came back from abroad. A.since B.until C.before D.when 答案:A 從題干中的 “have heard” 可知是“已經(jīng)聽說”,所以應(yīng)該是“自從我回來”,因此要用since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。句意:自從我從國外回來,我聽到了很多關(guān)于你的好消息。 (3)(2013·上海高考)I cannot hear the professor clearly as there is too much noise I am sitting. A.before B.until C.unless D.where 答案:D 本題四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都為常見的狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞。before“在……之前”,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句;until“直到……為止”,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句;unless“除非,如果不”,引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句;where“在……的地方”,引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句。句意:“我不能聽清楚教授所講的東西,因?yàn)樵谖易牡胤接刑嗟脑胍?。”顯然這里指我所坐的地方太吵,導(dǎo)致我聽不清。解答這類題目要正確理解句意。 (4)(2012·山東高考) A number of high buildings have arisen there was nothing a year ago but ruins. A.when B.where C.before D.until 答案:B 考查狀語從句的用法。句意:很多高樓在一年前還是廢墟的地方拔地而起了。where在句中引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句。其他選項(xiàng)均不合題意。 (5)( 2012·上海春招) you take a photo,you should always check the position of the sun. A.Before B.After C.Because D.Though 答案:A 考查狀語從句的連接詞。句意:你在照相之前,應(yīng)該檢查太陽的位置。before在……之前;after在……之后;because因?yàn)?;though雖然。 (6)(2012·重慶高考)—Coach,can I continue with the training? —Sorry,you can’t you haven’t recovered from the knee injury. A.until B.before C.as D.unless 答案:C 考查狀語從句。句意:“教練,我可以繼續(xù)訓(xùn)練嗎?”“對(duì)不起,你不可以,因?yàn)槟阆ドw的傷還沒有恢復(fù)?!惫视胊s表示原因;until直到……;before在……之前;unless除非。 (7)(2007·北京高考)—Where’s that report? —I brought it to you you were in Mr.Black’s office yesterday. A.if B.when C.because D.before 答案:B 本題考查連詞用法及含義辨析。句意:“那篇報(bào)告在哪兒呢?”“昨天當(dāng)你在布萊克先生辦公室的時(shí)候我?guī)Ыo你了。”when“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”。 (8)(2007·上海高考)Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water they are not managed carefully. A.though B.before C.until D.if 答案:D 考查連詞詞義辨析。句意:如果小帆船沒有被仔細(xì)掌控好的話,那么在水中就很容易被打翻。if “如果”,引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。 (9)(2007·遼寧高考)We had to wait half an hour we had already booked a table. A.since B.although C.until D.before 答案:B 考查連詞的含義及用法。句意:盡管我們已經(jīng)預(yù)訂了飯桌,但我們不得不等上半個(gè)小時(shí)。although“盡管”,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。 (10)(2007·福建高考)You will be successful in the interview you have confidence. A.before B.once C.until D.though 答案:B 本題考查狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞,before“在……之前”,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句;once“一旦”,引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句;until“直到……”,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句;though“雖然”,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。由句意“一旦你有了信心,你在面試中就會(huì)成功的”可知應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。 (11)(2007·安徽高考)The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months;it will be a long time we meet them again. A.after B.before C.since D.when 答案:B 本題考查before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的用法。主句為將來時(shí)態(tài),從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)代替將來。 (12)(2004·天津高考)It was evening we reached the little town of Winchester. A.that B.until C.since D.before 答案:D 句意:我們還沒趕到溫徹斯特小城天就黑了。此處 before用于肯定句中強(qiáng)調(diào)主句所表達(dá)的時(shí)間、距離長,或花費(fèi)的精力大。 (13)(2005·廣東高考)The American Civil War lasted four years the North won in the end. A.after B.when C.before D.then 答案:C 句意:美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)持續(xù)了四年,北方才最終獲勝。此處 before用于肯定句中強(qiáng)調(diào)主句所表達(dá)的時(shí)間長、花費(fèi)的精力大,意為“……才……”。 (14)(2005·山東高考)It was some time we realized the truth. A.when B.until C.since D.before 答案:D 句意:過了一段時(shí)間我才了解到了真相?!癐t was +時(shí)間段+before從句”表示“過了多久才……”。 (15)(2006·四川高考)-Why didn’t you tell him about the meeting? -He rushed out of the room I could say a word. A.before B.until C.when D.after 答案:A 句意:“你為什么沒告訴他開會(huì)的事?”“我還沒來得及說什么他就跑出了房子?!眀efore sb.could...表示“某人還沒來得及……就……”。 (16)(2006·福建高考)—How long do you think it will be China sends a manned spaceship to the moon? —Perhaps two or three years. 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