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1、Rewrite the following sentences with noun clauses as the subject. 1. His discovery has not yet been proved. 2. Do the other astronomers accept his ideas? It remains a question.,What has not yet been proved is his discovery. Whether the other astronomers accepts his ideas remains a question.,Discove

2、ring useful structures,3. How did life first appeared on earth?It is still a mystery to scientists. 4. Why is the earth becoming warmer? It is an important topic for research.,How life first appeared on earth is still a mystery to scientists. Why the earth is becoming warmer is an important topic f

3、or research.,5. Stephen Hawking at 65 experienced zero gravity during a flight. It amazed everybody. 6. Pluto is no longer considered a planet in our solar system. What a surprise!,It amazed everybody that Stephen Hawking at 65 experienced zero gravity during a flight. It is a surprise that Pluto i

4、s no longer considered a planet in our solar system.,主語(yǔ)從句及引導(dǎo)詞,主語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作句子的主語(yǔ)。引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的詞有從屬連詞that, whether, if；連接代詞who, whoever, whom, what, whatever, whose, which；連接副詞when, where, how, why等。,【例句呈現(xiàn)】 觀察下列例句，指出其中所包含的主語(yǔ)從句及引導(dǎo)詞: 1. What is needed for a long trip is careful preparation. 該句中主語(yǔ)從句是 __________

5、_________________，引導(dǎo)詞為 _____。,What is needed for a,what,long trip,2. That Jay Zhou will come to my city excites everybody. 該句中主語(yǔ)從句是 _________________ ______________，引導(dǎo)詞為_(kāi)____。 3. Whether we will travel abroad or not has not been decided. 該句中主語(yǔ)從句是 _________________ __________________，引導(dǎo)詞為_(kāi)________。

6、,That Jay Zhou will,Whether we will,come to my city,that,travel abroad or not,whether,4. Whoever knows the secret mustnt tell others. 該句中主語(yǔ)從句是__________________ ______，引導(dǎo)詞為_(kāi)_______。 5. It remains a puzzle why dinosaurs died out suddenly long time ago. 該句中主語(yǔ)從句是_________________ _____________________

7、__，引導(dǎo)詞為_(kāi)____。,Whoever knows the,whoever,why dinosaurs died,why,secret,out suddenly long time ago,【觀察總結(jié)】 通過(guò)分析上面例句，同學(xué)們可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)上面第5句中的主語(yǔ)從句似乎比較隱蔽。It amazed everybody that Stephen Hawking at 65 experienced zero gravity during a flight.其實(shí)，這也是主語(yǔ)從句的一種呈現(xiàn)方式，即：當(dāng)一個(gè)句子主語(yǔ)過(guò)長(zhǎng)時(shí)，可以用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而把真正的主語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)從句后移至句子末尾，以保持句子的平衡。

8、注意觀察下列例句中的劃線部分：,It is not clear how the accident happened. It is not hard to understand why he did so at that time. It is a pity that you should have made such a careless mistake. It is reported that more than thirty deaths were caused in the accident.,不難看出，雖然上面例句中都用it作形式主語(yǔ)，但句子結(jié)構(gòu)卻不盡相同?，F(xiàn)將常見(jiàn)的由it作形式主語(yǔ)的

9、句型總結(jié)如下： 1. It is + n. + that從句 2. It is + adj. + that從句，常見(jiàn)此類形容詞有：important, necessary, clear, certain, natural, strange, obvious, likely, impossible, possible等。,3. It+特殊動(dòng)詞+that 從句 It seems / appears ... that ... 似乎 It happened (to sb.) that ... （某人）碰巧 4. It + be + 過(guò)去分詞 + 主語(yǔ)從句 It is said / reported

10、/ believed / suggested / known / proved that ...,【要點(diǎn)精講】 1. what與that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句 觀察下列例句，試著翻譯例句并總結(jié)其規(guī)律。 (1) What you lack is self-confidence. 譯為：_________________________,你所缺乏的是自信。,(2) That more and more students are admitted into universities is true. 譯為：___________________________ _____________________

11、______ (3) What is needed for the program is more wisdom. 譯為：_____________________________,這個(gè)項(xiàng)目所需要的是更多的智慧。,越來(lái)越多的學(xué)生將被大學(xué)錄取的消息是真實(shí)的。,從上面例句可以看出，that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，在句中具有“兩不”原則： 一、不作句子成分； 二、沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義。 當(dāng)它引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句置于句首時(shí)，that不能省略；如果用it作形式主語(yǔ)，則把主語(yǔ)從句放在句末。,而what引導(dǎo)的從句則恰恰相反，what在從句中的作用為： 一、作句子成分； 二、除了起到引導(dǎo)從句的作用外還 要承擔(dān)具體的意義。,【鞏

12、固練習(xí)】 用what或that填空。 (1) _____ he told us this morning was just a lie. (2) _____ is important to us is enough time. (3) It worries my mom _____ she is beginning to get a little fat. (4) _____ we cant get seems better than _____ we have.,What,What,that,What,what,2. whether與if引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句 如果主語(yǔ)從句置于句首，不能用if引導(dǎo)

13、，此時(shí)，需用whether。但如果用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而把主語(yǔ)從句放在句末時(shí)，也可以用if引導(dǎo)。,【鞏固練習(xí)】 用whether或if填空。 (1) It doesnt matter ___________ he will come or not. (2) ________ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. (3) It was doubtful ___________ Tom really saw Sharon. (4) ________ Tom really saw Sharon was doubtful.,whether /

14、 if,Whether,whether / if,Whether,3. 其它引導(dǎo)詞 連接代詞who, which, whom, whose有各自的具體意義，起連接作用，同時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等；whoever, whatever, whichever在意義上更為強(qiáng)調(diào)，常譯為“無(wú)論”；連接副詞when, where, why, how等也有各自的意義，起連接作用，并在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。,【常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤展示】 下列各句均有一處錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)改正并分析錯(cuò)誤的原因。 1. Light travels faster than sound is common knowledge.,That,that

15、雖無(wú)詞義但引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句位于句首時(shí)不能省略。,if, whether都可表示“是否”, 但if不能引導(dǎo)位于主句之前的主語(yǔ)從句，它可以引導(dǎo)位于主句之后帶有形式主語(yǔ)it的主語(yǔ)從句。,2. If shes coming or not doesnt matter much.,Whether,3. That the professor said is of great importance. 4. Where will the trees be planted has not been decided.,What,that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)無(wú)詞義。What the professor said表示“教授

16、所說(shuō)的”。,將will置于trees之后。主語(yǔ)從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序。,5. No matter who breaks the rule will be punished. 6. When and where the meeting will be held still remain a question.,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)二者可互換，但引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)只能用whoever。,Whoever,主語(yǔ)從句表示單一概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)形式。,remains,7. What were your problems a year ago has now become mine. 8. It was req

17、uested that everyone made a speech at the meeting.,has要改為have。主語(yǔ)從句表示復(fù)數(shù)概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。,have,在“It is requested / ordered / suggested + that從句”中，從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即謂語(yǔ)用“should + 動(dòng)詞原形”，should可省略。,(should) make,從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。 1. It is still under discussion _____ the old bus station should be repla

18、ced with a modern hotel or not. (重慶2011) A. whether B. when C. which D. where,高考鏈接,2. The villagers have already known _____ well do is to rebuild the bridge. (江西2011) A. this B. that C. what D. which,3. _____ some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.

19、 (北京2010) A. Whether B. What C. That D. How,4. It never occurred to me _____ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. (陜西2010) A. which B. what C. that D. if,5. It is uncertain _____ side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. (浙江2010) A. that B. what C. how D. whether,Finish Using Structures on Page 64 of the Workbook.,Thank you!,