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1、第1講形容詞和副詞,2016高考導航適用于全國卷,專題2形容詞、副詞、介詞和介詞短語,,專題2形容詞、副詞、介詞和介詞短語,,1(2015高考全國卷,語法填空,節(jié)選)As_____________ (nature) architects,the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 2(2015高考廣東卷,語法填空,節(jié)選)_________(lucky),he also had a cow which produ
2、ced milk every day.,考點一詞類轉換,natural,Luckily,3Keeping a diary in English is one of the most __________ (effect)ways to improve our English writing ability.,effective,高考對形容詞或副詞的考查重點為能根據(jù)提示詞寫出正確的形容詞或副詞詞形,以及能正確分辨同根詞的形容詞和副詞的用法區(qū)別。 解題重點在于了解語篇型語法填空要填的詞或短文改錯中要改的詞在句中所作的成分、所起的作用。形容詞用來修飾名 詞,副詞用來修飾形容詞或動詞。形容詞在句中可作
3、定語、表語或補足語,副詞在句中作狀語。這就要求考生在日常學習中要熟記形容詞、副詞構詞法。,1形容詞的構成 常見的形容詞后綴,充滿的;有性質 (或傾向的),useful 有用的 successful 成功的 plentiful 豐富的 helpful 有幫助的 meaningful 有意義的 peaceful 和平的 powerful 強大的 thankful 感激的 hopeful 有希望的 forgetful 健忘的,多的,greedy 貪婪的 wealthy 富有的 healthy 健康的,國家的;有性質的;像似的,childish 孩子般的 foolish 愚蠢的,無的,沒有的,spee
4、chless 啞口無言的 harmless 無害的 hopeless 絕望的 meaningless 沒有意義的,有性質的,dangerous 危險的 glorious 光榮的,能的,可以的,enjoyable 高興的 movable 可移動的 available 可利用的 comfortable 舒服的 valuable 有價值的 reasonable 合理的 accessible 可接近的 affordable 支付得起的,與有關的;表示過程或狀態(tài),cultural 文化的 personal 私人的 musical 音樂的 natural 自然的 special 特別的 digital 數(shù)
5、碼的 environmental 環(huán)境的 original 起初的; 原創(chuàng)的,與有關的,有傾向的;有屬性的,attractive 迷人的 talkative 健談的 constructive 建設性的 sensitive 敏感的 productive 多產(chǎn)的 effective 有效的 instructive 有教育意義的,imaginary 虛構的; 想象的 revolutionary 革命性的 contradictory 矛盾的,與有關的; 動作(或行為)的,historic 歷史性的; 有重大歷史 意義的 heroic 英雄的; 英勇的,是的;處于狀態(tài),frequent 頻繁的 sign
6、ificant 有重大意義的 resistant 抵抗的; 反對的 important 重要的 permanent 永久的 convenient 方便的 evident 明顯的 efficient 生效的,有的;以為特征的,colored 有色的 limited 有限的 surrounded 被圍 繞的 wooded 木制的 pointed 尖的,以方式;具有性質,manly 有男子氣 概的 brotherly 情同手足的 friendly 友好的,像的,引起(或易于)的,childlike孩子般的,troublesome 引起麻煩的 tiresome 令人厭煩的,帶有屬性的,regular
7、規(guī)則的;有規(guī) 律的,2.形容詞變副詞的規(guī)則 (1)一些以輔音字母加y結尾的形容詞變?yōu)楦痹~形式時,把y改為i,再加ly,如:easyeasily,angryangrily,noisynoisily。 (2)以ble或le結尾的形容詞變?yōu)楦痹~形式時去e加y,如:possiblepossibly,terribleterribly,simplesimply,comfortablecomfortably。 (3)以ue結尾的形容詞變?yōu)楦痹~形式時去e加ly,如:truetruly。 (4)以l結尾的形容詞變?yōu)楦痹~形式時在詞尾加ly,如:usualusually,carefulcarefully。 (5)以
8、ll結尾的形容詞變?yōu)楦痹~形式時在詞尾加y,如:fullfully。,單句語法填空 1(2015江西南昌調(diào)研)He was happy to see the customer walk out of the restaurant____________(angry) 2(2015江西南昌調(diào)研)Crum reacted in his _________ (usually) way.He cut the potatoes very thin and cooked them in hot oil.,angrily,usual,3(2015太原第二階段測評)At the time,I suppose,I
9、 thought I was poor.Sometimes,we dont realize how ____________(fortune) we are,do we? 4(2015山東滕州市4月模擬)His name was Fleming,and he was a poor Scottish farmer.One day,he saved a_________ (terrify) boy from a black bog(沼澤) by accident.,fortunate,terrified,1(2015高考全國卷,語法填空,改編)It was raining lightly when
10、 I arrived in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didnt care.A few hours____________(early),Id been at home in Hong Kong,with its choking smog. 2(2015濰坊檢測)I can hardly believe that Betty can speak Chinese as ____________(fluent) as we do. 3(2014高考遼寧卷,語法填空,節(jié)選)The __________ (hard) you try to beat him,the
11、 more likely you will get hit.,考點二形容詞、副詞比較等級,earlier,fluently,harder,一、形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級的構成規(guī)則 1規(guī)則變化,great,greater,greatest,brave late,braver later,bravest latest,big hot,bigger hotter,biggest hottest,happy,happier,happiest,difficult expensive,more difficult more expensive,most difficult most expensive,
12、易錯警示 以er,ow結尾的雙音節(jié)形容詞末尾加er和est,如:clever和narrow等。,2.不規(guī)則變化,better,best,worse,worst,more,most,less,least,farther(多指距離)/ further(多指程度),farthest/furt hest,older/elder,oldest/eldest,易錯警示 further 不僅可以指“距離更遠”,還可指“程度更深”。如:further education(深造), further information(進一步的 信息)等。,二、形容詞、副詞比較級用法 1表示“比更”用“形容詞/副詞的比較級t
13、han”結構。 Goods imported from abroad are not always better than those made in China. 從國外進口的產(chǎn)品并不一定比中國的好。 Yes.Some of the goods made in our country are of high quality. 是的,國內(nèi)制造的一些東西質量也很好。 2the比較級of the two(兩者中較的一個)。 The taller of the two boys is my brother. 兩個男孩中較高的那位是我哥哥。,3“the形容詞/副詞比較級,the形容詞/副詞比較級”表示
14、“越,越”。 The more youve learned,the better equipped for the future youll be. 你學得越多,為未來所作的準備就越充分。,名師指津 1比較級前可用a little,a bit,a little bit,slightly等修飾,表示“稍微,一點兒”。 Its a little bit colder today than it was yesterday. 今天比昨天稍冷一點兒。 2比較級前可用much,far,a lot,a good deal,a great deal,rather等修飾,表示“得多”。 There are f
15、ar more people than we expected. 人比我們預計的多得多。,三、形容詞、副詞最高級 1最高級可用by far,much,almost,nearly及序數(shù)詞修 飾,表示程度或順序。 The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River.目前正在建的那座橋是橫跨黃河之上的橋當中最長的。 2“否定詞比較級”表達最高級含義。 Your story is perfect;Ive never heard a better one before.你的故事太完美了,我從來沒有聽過比這更好聽
16、的故事。,四、倍數(shù)表達法 表示倍數(shù)的句型: (1)A is倍數(shù)比較級thanB (2)A is倍數(shù)as原級asB (3)A is倍數(shù)the名詞(size,length,height等)ofB (4)A is倍數(shù)than/those ofB Its said that the power plant is now twice as large as what it was. Its said that the power plant is now twice the size of what it was.據(jù)說發(fā)電廠現(xiàn)在是過去的兩倍大。 It is reported that the Unite
17、d States consumes four times as much energy as the whole of Africa. 據(jù)報道,美國消耗的能源是整個非洲的四倍。,單句語法填空 1(2015濟南模擬)I now turn out to be a great speaker. Looking back, I know the ____________(great) difficulty on our way to success is our fear,overcome it,and we will be able to achieve our goals. 2(2015河北唐山統(tǒng)
18、一考試)But when he was 11 years old, he found out he had a sickness which would prevent him from growing much____________(tall),greatest,taller,3(2015唐山一中仿真模擬一)However, there are still some other people who have made lots of money at even__________ (young) ages. 4(2015山東臨沂高三二模)Nowadays,the ice bucket c
19、hallenge is among the____________(hot) news of all.,younger,hottest,技法1巧析結構定答案 分析句子結構并確定所填詞在句子中所作的成分是詞性轉換題的關鍵所在。比如:作定語、表語或補足語用形容詞;作 狀語,修飾動詞、形容詞或另一副詞,要用副詞。有時,根 據(jù)句子意思及前后邏輯關系,詞義需要發(fā)生變化,但詞性不 一定要變時,要注意與詞根意義相反的派生詞,需要在詞根 前加一些前綴,如un,im,in,il,dis,mis 等,或在詞根后加一些后綴,如less等。,(2014高考遼寧卷,語法填空,節(jié)選)I cannot control my
20、 body well.My legs become____________(pain) 【解析】become為系動詞,其后需要跟形容詞作表語,構成系表結構,故答案為painful。,painful,技法2妙用標志(詞)定答案 有時設空處前后有一些比較等級的標志詞或修飾語,如: than,much,of all等,考生可以利用這些信息快速確定 答案。,(2015高考湖南卷,完形填空,節(jié)選)While finding information is easier than ever,at the same time, researching has become ________________(complex) 【解析】根據(jù)前文的than可知設空處應該填提示詞的比較級形式。,more complex,