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111 Unit 5 Nelson Mandela- a modern hero 語(yǔ)言要點(diǎn)（模塊） 單元要點(diǎn)預(yù)覽（旨在讓同學(xué)整體了解本單元要點(diǎn)） 詞匯 部分 詞語(yǔ) 辨析 1. fight for/against/with 2. reward / award 3. accept / receive 4. since / because / as / for 詞形 變化 1. cruel adj. ?殘暴的, 殘忍的 cruelty ?n. ?殘暴, 殘忍 2. hope n. v.希望; 期望 hopeful adj. 有希望的, 順利的, 有前途的 hopeless adj. 沒(méi)有希望的; 令人絕望的 3. educate vt. 教育 education n. 教育; 教育體制 educated adj. 受過(guò)教育的; 受過(guò)訓(xùn)練的 重點(diǎn) 單詞 1. devote vt. 投入；獻(xiàn)身 2. vote v. 投票（決定）；選舉　n. 投票, 選票,表決, 得票數(shù) 3. reward n. 報(bào)酬，獎(jiǎng)金vt. 酬謝，給以報(bào)答 4. equal adj. 平等的；相等的 5. advise v. 建議 重點(diǎn) 詞組 1. be in prison 在獄中，被監(jiān)禁 2. out of work 失業(yè),出問(wèn)題 3. lose heart 喪失勇氣或信心 重點(diǎn)句子 1. We were put in a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the Government. 2. Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法 定語(yǔ)從句 （見(jiàn)語(yǔ)法部分） Ⅰ 詞語(yǔ)辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料) 1. fight for/against/with 【解釋】 fight for/against/with fight for 為……而斗爭(zhēng)；努力爭(zhēng)取 fight against 與……作斗爭(zhēng) fight with 和……并肩作戰(zhàn)，和……打仗/打架/斗爭(zhēng) 【練習(xí)】用正確的fight短語(yǔ)填空 1). We will have to ________ difficulties. 2). They told the workers to _________ their rights. 3). During World War II, the British _________ Frenchmen against Germans. Keys: 1). fight against 2). fight for 3). fought with 2. reward / award 【解釋】 award用作名詞時(shí)，意為“獎(jiǎng)品”、“獎(jiǎng)金”、“獎(jiǎng)”; reward作名詞時(shí)，作“報(bào)酬”、“獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)”、“報(bào)答”講。 【練習(xí)】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1). The film ________ are presented annually． 2). A __________ was offered for the return of the passport． Keys: 1). awards 2). reward 3. accept / receive 【解釋】 accept (接受)表示主觀上樂(lè)意接受。還表示“答應(yīng)”、“同意”、“認(rèn)同” receive (收到,得到), 表示客觀收到, 還不能斷定是否接受。還表示“接待”、“接收”、“歡迎” 【練習(xí)】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 I ________ his letter of invitation, but I didn't ________ it. Keys: received…accept 4. since / because / as / for 【解釋】 since =now that 意為“由于,既然”,常表示已知的或大家都清楚的原因。 because表語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng), 經(jīng)常表聽(tīng)者不知的原因,它能回答why的提問(wèn)。 as 可和because互換,但語(yǔ)氣不夠它強(qiáng),也不能回答why的提問(wèn)。 for 是并列連詞,與后面的分句對(duì)前一句話起到補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用,其前常有逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。 【練習(xí)】用上面所提供的辨析詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1). I can’t go _________ I’m ill. 2). ________ the rain has stopped, let’s go out for a walk. 3). ________ I’m leaving tomorrow, I’ve bought you a gift. 4). It must have rained last night, ________ the ground is wet. Keys: 1). because 2). Since 3). As 4). for II詞性變化 （旨在提供語(yǔ)法填空所需材料） 1. cruel adj. ?殘暴的, 殘忍的 cruelty ?n. ?殘暴, 殘忍 2. hope n. v.希望; 期望 hopeful adj. 有希望的, 順利的, 有前途的 hopeless adj. 沒(méi)有希望的; 令人絕望的 3. educate vt. 教育 education n. 教育; 教育體制 educated adj. 受過(guò)教育的; 受過(guò)訓(xùn)練的 【練習(xí)】用括號(hào)內(nèi)所提供詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1) She is a highly ________ woman (educate) 2) Parents should _________ their children to behave well. (educate) 3） A child receives its early _________ at home. (educate) 4） Many a young _________ went to Hollywood. (hope) 5） Our ________ for fine weather were not disappointed. (hope) 6） Most of the students are making good progress but Jeremy seems a ________ case. (hope) 7) Don't be ________ to animals. (cruel) 8) He saw a lot of _________ in the prison camp. (cruel) Keys: 1) educated 2) educate 3) education 4) hopeful 5) hopes 6) hopeless 7) cruel 8) cruelty Ⅲ重點(diǎn)詞匯 （旨在提供綜合運(yùn)用所需材料） 1. devote vt. 投入；獻(xiàn)身 [典例] 1). He devoted himself entirely to music. 他將一生奉獻(xiàn)給了音樂(lè)。 2). Mary devoted her life to caring for the sick. 瑪麗獻(xiàn)身于為病人服務(wù)。 [重點(diǎn)用法] devote… to… 獻(xiàn)身于；專心于 在devote… to…短語(yǔ)中，to是介詞，后面接名詞或動(dòng)詞-ing。常見(jiàn)的類似短語(yǔ)還有： pay attention to（注意……）; stick to（堅(jiān)持……）; lead to（導(dǎo)致……）; prefer…to（相比……更喜歡……）; look forward to（盼望……）; [練習(xí)] 中譯英 1). 她深愛(ài)她的孩子。 2). 我們應(yīng)全力以赴地工作。 Keys: 1). She is devoted to her children. 2). We should devote all our efforts to our tasks. 2. vote v. 投票（決定）；選舉　n. 投票, 選票,表決, 得票數(shù) [典例] 1). We voted Democrat in the last election. 我們?cè)谏洗蔚倪x舉中投了民主黨的票。 2). We’ll listen to the arguments on both sides and then vote on it. 我們會(huì)先聽(tīng)取雙方的論證后再作表決。 3). The votes are still being counted. 選票仍在統(tǒng)計(jì)中。 [重點(diǎn)用法] vote down 投票否決；投票擊敗 vote in 投票選出；選舉 vote through 表決通過(guò) put… to the vote 將……付諸表決 take/have a vote on 對(duì)……進(jìn)行表決 vote for/against 投票贊成/反對(duì) [練習(xí)]用恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或副詞填空。 1). The suggestion was voted by a large majority. 2). Shall we take a vote the question? 3). The issue was put the vote. 4). Was the vote or the matter? Keys: 1). through 2).on 3). to 4). for; against 3. reward n. 報(bào)酬，獎(jiǎng)金vt. 酬謝，給以報(bào)答 [典例] 1). He worked hard but without much reward. 他工作很努力，但是報(bào)酬很少。 2). He rewarded me with a prize. 他用一個(gè)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)來(lái)報(bào)答我。 [重點(diǎn)用法] in reward (for…) 作為（對(duì)……的）報(bào)酬、報(bào)答 give a reward to sb. for sth. 為……給某人報(bào)酬、賞金 reward sb. for (doing) sth. 因……報(bào)答、獎(jiǎng)賞某人 reward sb. with sth. 用……報(bào)答、獎(jiǎng)賞某人 [練習(xí)] 中譯英 1). 她的善良沒(méi)有得到任何回報(bào)。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 2). 她向他報(bào)之以一笑。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ Keys: 1). She got nothing in reward for her kindness. 2). She rewarded him with a smile. 4. equal adj. 平等的；相等的 [典例] 1). Women demand equal pay for equal work. 女性要求同等工作獲同等報(bào)酬。 2). All people are born equal. 人人生來(lái)平等。 [重點(diǎn)用法] be equal to 與……相等 be equal with 與……平等 [練習(xí)] 中譯英 1). 一單位酒精等于半品脫啤酒。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 2). 他們認(rèn)為，在上帝眼中窮人和富人是平等的。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ Keys: 1). One unit of alcohol is equal to half a pint of beer. 2). They believe that in the sight of God the poor are equal with the rich. 5. advise v. 建議 [典例] 1). I have advised you on that subject. 在那個(gè)問(wèn)題上，我給過(guò)你建議. 2). Christie advises us to practise oral English as often as possible. Christie建議我們要盡可能多練口語(yǔ). 3). I advise that you (should) not eat fruit that isn’t ripe. 我建議你不要吃那些沒(méi)有熟的水果. [重點(diǎn)用法] advise sb. on sth. 就……給某人出主意 advise +n. /pron. 建議…… advise sb. to do sth. 建議某人干…… advise (one’s) doing sth. 建議（某人）干…… advise + (that) sb. (should) do advice n. 　建議；意見(jiàn) a piece of advice　一條建議 go to sb. for advice = ask sb. for advice　向某人尋求建議；征詢某人的意見(jiàn) give advice to sb. on sth.　就……對(duì)某人提供建議 follow sb’s advice = take sb’s advice 接受某人的建議 [練習(xí)] 中譯英 1). 我建議換個(gè)方式。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 2). 我們建議他們應(yīng)該及早開(kāi)始。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ Keys: 1). I'd advise taking a different approach. 2). We advised that they should start early/advised them to start early. Ⅳ 重點(diǎn)詞組 （旨在提供綜合運(yùn)用所需材料） 1. be in prison 在獄中，被監(jiān)禁 [典例] 1). He fought for the black people and was in prison for thirty years. 他為黑人而戰(zhàn)且坐過(guò)三十年牢。 2). He has been in prison for five years for stealing. 因?yàn)橥禆|西, 他曾在監(jiān)獄呆過(guò)5年. [短語(yǔ)歸納] put…in prison = send…to prison = throw …into prison 把……投入監(jiān)獄 The car thieves have been put in prison. 那些偷車賊都被關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄了。 [練習(xí)] 用be, put, send, throw的恰當(dāng)形式填空。 1). The lawyer finally the murderer into prison. 2). The robber in prison for several years. 3). The thief begged the guard for not him to prison. 4). Last year, the man in prison for stealing a car. Keys: 1). threw 2). has been 3). sending 4). was put 2. out of work 失業(yè),出問(wèn)題 [典例] 1). Jim has been out of work for several months. 吉姆已經(jīng)失業(yè)幾個(gè)月了。 2). Mary’s cell phone has been out of work for several days, which brought her a lot of inconvenience. 瑪麗的手機(jī)壞了好幾天了，這給她帶來(lái)了很多不便。 [短語(yǔ)歸納] in work 有工作 out of breath 上氣不接下氣 out of patience 不耐煩 out of use 沒(méi)用了 out of date 過(guò)時(shí) out of order 次序顛倒；出故障 out of control 失控 out of danger 脫離危險(xiǎn) out of shape 變形 Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不見(jiàn), 心不煩。 [練習(xí)]用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~（短語(yǔ)）填空。 1). Although my computer is date now, but it’s still use. 2). After fours’ operation, the patient has been danger. Keys: 1). out of; in 2). out of 3. lose heart 喪失勇氣或信心 [典例] 1). He failed many times, but he didn’t lose heart. 他失敗了許多次，但他并沒(méi)有失去信心。 2). No matter what you do, never lose heart. 不管你做什么，千萬(wàn)不要失去信心。 [短語(yǔ)歸納] lose one's job 失業(yè) lose one's balance 失去平衡 lose one's breath上氣不接下氣 lose one's heart (to sb/sth) 愛(ài)上 lose one's life 喪生; 遇害 lose face 丟臉; 受屈辱 [練習(xí)] 中譯英 1). 不要失去信心，一切都會(huì)好起來(lái)的。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 2). 她喜歡上了一位年輕士兵。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ Keys: 1). Don’t lose heart, all will turn out well. 2). She lost her heart to a young soldier. V 重點(diǎn)句子 （旨在提供句子結(jié)構(gòu)等所需材料） 1. We were put in a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the Government. 我們被置于這樣一種境地，或者是被迫承認(rèn)我們低人一等，或者是與政府作斗爭(zhēng)。 [解釋] 這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，in which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞position。 類似的名詞還有situation, stage, case等，作先行詞時(shí)，可用where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句 Can you think of a situation where you once felt embarrassed? 拓展： 介詞+關(guān)系代詞which在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于關(guān)系副詞when, where和why。 He is the boss of the restaurant where （= in which） we often have lunch. Today when （= on which） the product will be put into use will come soon. The reason why（= for which） he was late for school was unbelievable. [練習(xí)] 中譯英 1). 你能想起讓你尷尬的情形嗎？ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 2). 他遲到的原因令人難以置信。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ Keys: 1). Can you think of a situation where you once felt embarrassed? 2). The reason why(= for which) he was late for school was unbelievable. 2. Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 只是在那時(shí)我們才決定以暴力對(duì)暴力。 [解釋]當(dāng)only修飾狀語(yǔ)位于句首時(shí)，句子采用部分倒裝的結(jié)構(gòu), 將助動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞提前，放在主語(yǔ)前。 Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 只是在那時(shí)我們才決定以暴力對(duì)暴力。 Only yesterday did his father tell him the truth, which was a big surprise to him. 昨天他父親才把真相告訴他, 這對(duì)他真是個(gè)令人吃驚的消息. Only by shouting was he able to make people on the other side of the river hear him. 他只有靠大聲喊才能使河對(duì)岸的人們聽(tīng)到他的聲音。 [練習(xí)] 中譯英 1). 昨天他父親才把真相告訴他, 這對(duì)他真是個(gè)令人吃驚的消息。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 2). 他只有靠大聲喊才能使河對(duì)岸的人們聽(tīng)到他的聲音。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ Keys: 1). Only yesterday did his father tell him the truth, which was a big surprise to him. 2). Only by shouting was he able to make people on the other side of the river hear him. 111