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1、Unit 4 Making the news,知識(shí)歸納,1. __________ adj. 快樂的; 欣喜的 2. __________ vt. 遞交; 呈遞(文件等) 3. __________ adj. 渴望的; 熱切的 4. __________ v. 集中; 聚集 5. __________ vt. 更新; 使現(xiàn)代化 6. __________ v. 獲得; 取得; 學(xué)到 7. __________ adv. 其間; 同時(shí),delighted,submit,eager,concentrate,update,acquire,meanwhile,知識(shí)清單,(一) 基本單詞,8. ____

2、______ vt. 指責(zé); 譴責(zé); 控告 9. __________ adj. 犯罪的; 有罪的; 內(nèi)疚的 10. __________ n. 需求; 要求 vt. 強(qiáng)烈要求 11. __________ vt. 出版; 發(fā)行; 發(fā)表; 公布 12. __________ adj. 徹底的; 詳盡的 13. __________ adj. 精確的; 正確的 14. __________ vt. 擦亮; 磨光; 潤(rùn)色 15. __________ vt. 加工; 處理 n. 過程; 程序; 步驟,accuse,guilty,demand,publish,thorough,acc

3、urate,polish,process,16. __________ vt. 幫助; 協(xié)助; 援助 __________ n. 幫助; 援助 __________ n. 助手; 助理; 售貨員 17. __________ vt. 評(píng)估; 評(píng)定 ___________ n. 評(píng)定; 評(píng)價(jià),assist,assistance,assistant,assess,assessment,(二) 派生單詞,18. __________ vt. 告知; 通知 ____________ n. 信息; 消息 19. _________ adj. 年長(zhǎng)的; 高年級(jí)的; 高級(jí)的 (反義詞)_____

4、___ adj. 青年的; 低下的 20. __________ vt. 贊成; 認(rèn)可; 批準(zhǔn) ___________ n. 批準(zhǔn); 認(rèn)可,inform,information,senior,junior,approve,approval,1. 集中; 全神貫注于 2. 依靠; 依賴 3. 因指責(zé)或控告 4. 為了(做) 5. 在前面,concentrate on,depend on,accuse of,so as to (do sth.),ahead of,(三) 短語(yǔ),6. 對(duì)有敏感的嗅覺 7. 通知某人某事 8. 記在心里 9. 完全誤解; 弄錯(cuò) 10. 最后,have a good

5、nose for,keep in mind,inform sb. of sth.,get the wrong end of the stick,last of all,1. Never will Zhou Yang (ZY) forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper. 周陽(yáng)永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記他在一家暢銷英文報(bào)紙的第一項(xiàng)工作任務(wù)。 never置于句首, 句子用部分倒裝。,(四)句式,2. His discussion with his new boss, Hu Xin (HX), was to s

6、trongly influence his life as a journalist. 他同新上司胡欣的討論對(duì)他的記者生涯必將產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)烈的影響。 be to do可用于表示注定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事物, 譯為“注定會(huì), 一定會(huì)”。,3. Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you need to know. 只有提很多不同的問題, 你才能收集到你所需要的信息。 only+狀語(yǔ)從句, 可引起局部倒裝。,1. submit vt. (使)服從; (使)順從; 提交; 遞

7、交; 呈遞(文件等),課文原句: Later you can cover a story and submit the article yourself. 以后，你才能獨(dú)自去進(jìn)行新聞采訪并提交自己的新聞稿。,核心要點(diǎn),(一)單詞,【歸納】 submit...to... 提交, 呈遞(文件、建議)等 submit oneself to 順從; 屈服; 投降; 不得以接受,2. eager adj. 渴望的; 熱切的,課文原句: Youll find your colleagues very eager to assist you, so you may be able to concentra

8、te on photography later if youre interested. 你將發(fā)現(xiàn)你的同事們會(huì)熱情地幫助你。如果你對(duì)攝影感興趣，以后你可以集中精力去鉆研。,【歸納】 be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事 be eager for sth. 渴望,assist vt. 幫助; 協(xié)助; 援助,【歸納】 assist sb. to do sth. 幫助某人做某事 assist sb. in/with sth. 幫助某人某事 assist sb. in doing sth. 幫助某人做某事,【拓展】 assistance n. 幫助; 援助 give/lend assis

9、tance to sb. 給某人提供幫助 afford/offer assistance 提供援助 e to ones assistance 幫助某人 assistant n. 助手，助理,3. acquire vt. 獲得; 取得; 學(xué)到,課文原句: Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you need to know. 你只有提出了許多不同的問題之后才有可能獲得你需要知道的信息。,【歸納】 acquire sth. 得到/掌握/獲得/養(yǎng)成 an acquired tast

10、e 養(yǎng)成的愛好, acquire強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)過努力或某一過程得到某物, 賓語(yǔ)多為知識(shí)、技能等抽象的東西;也指日積月累漸漸地獲得。 obtain多指獲得所需或期望已久的東西。 get是一般用語(yǔ), 用途很廣。可指以任何方式得到某物, 也不一定要經(jīng)過努力。,acquire/obtain/get,5. assess vt. 評(píng)定; 評(píng)估,課文原句: That means you must be able to assess when people are not telling the whole truth and then try to discover it. 那就是說，在人們沒有說出全部真相時(shí)，你必

11、須能夠判斷出，并努力發(fā)現(xiàn)真相。,【歸納】 assess sb. / sth. 評(píng)估, 評(píng)定(性質(zhì)、質(zhì)量) assess sth. (at sth.) 評(píng)算, 估定, 核定(數(shù)量、價(jià)值) 【拓展】 assessment n. 看法; 評(píng)估; 評(píng)定; 判定,6. inform vt. 通知; 告知,課文原句: They must use research to inform themselves of the missing parts of the story. 記者必須通過調(diào)查研究, 來使自己了解到被遺漏的那部分情況。,【歸納】 inform sb. of/about sth. 通知某人

12、有關(guān)的事情 inform yourself of/about sth. 了解; 熟悉 inform on sb. 告發(fā), 檢舉,7. case n. 情況; 病例; 案例,課文原句: Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick? 你有沒有過這樣的情況：別人控告你的記者，說他的報(bào)道失實(shí)？,【歸納】 in any case 無論如何; 不管怎樣 in case 以防; 以防萬一 in case of sth. 如果; 假使 in that

13、 case 既然那樣; 假使那樣的話,accuse vt. 指責(zé)；譴責(zé)；控告 【歸納】 accuse sb.of (doing) sth. 控告某人 be accused of 被指責(zé); 控告 【拓展】 the accused 被告 accusing adj. 譴責(zé)的，指責(zé)的,【辨析】 accuse與charge都可作“控告”講, 但charge 需與with搭配，即charge sb. with sth.。 如： David has been accused of theft. = David has been charged with theft.,8. demand vt. 強(qiáng)烈要求

14、 n. 要求; 需要,課文原句: It was a dilemma because the footballer could have demanded damages if we were wrong. 這事有些為難, 因?yàn)槿绻覀冨e(cuò)了, 那個(gè)足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員就可以向我們索要賠償。,【歸納】 in demand 需求大 on demand 一經(jīng)要求 demand to do sth. 要求做某事 demand that...(should) 要求,9. approve vt. 贊成; 認(rèn)可; 批準(zhǔn),課文原句: Last of all, the chief editor read it and

15、approved it. 最后主編審讀了這篇稿子，并且批準(zhǔn)發(fā)表了。,【歸納】 approve sth. 通過/批準(zhǔn) approve of sb./sth. 贊同/贊成 【拓展】 approval n. 批準(zhǔn); 同意; 贊成,1. concentrate on 集中; 全神貫注于,課文原句: Youll find your colleagues very eager to assist you, so you may be able to concentrate on photography later if youre interested. 你將發(fā)現(xiàn)你的同事們會(huì)熱情地幫助你。如果你對(duì)攝影感興

16、趣，以后你可以集中精力去鉆研。,(二)短語(yǔ),【歸納】 concentrate on (doing) sth.專心(做)某事 concentrate ones mind/attention on 集中注意力在 【拓展】 concentration n. 專注; 專心; 關(guān)注; 重視 concentrated adj. 決心要做的; 全力以付的,2. depend on 依賴; 依靠,課文原句: Meanwhile you have to prepare the next question depending on what the person says. 同時(shí)，你還要根據(jù)被采訪人所說的話準(zhǔn)備提

17、出下一個(gè)問題。,【歸納】 depend on sb. to do sth. 依靠某人做某事 depend on sb. for sth. 靠某人供給某物 depend on/upon sth. 受..影響; 由決定; 取決于 That depends./It all depends. 視情況而定,3. so as to (do sth.) 為了(做),課文原句: A footballer was accused of taking money for deliberately not scoring goals so as to let the other team win. 一位足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員被

18、指控受賄，故意不進(jìn)球，好讓對(duì)方球隊(duì)贏球。,【歸納】 so as to, to后接不定式, 引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)。其否定形式為so as not to。,so as to后接不定式表目的, 不能置于句首, 其邏輯主語(yǔ)為句子的主語(yǔ); so...as to不能表示目的, 只表示結(jié)果; in order to后接不定式表目的, 既可置于句首, 也可置于句中, 意為“以便, 為了”; so that既可引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句, 也可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。,so as to/soas to/in order to/so that,4. ahead of 在前面 課文原句: We need it in this editi

19、on to be ahead of the other newspapers. 我們這一版就要用，這樣我們就搶在其他報(bào)紙的前面了。 【歸納】 ahead of time 提前 ahead of ones time 超越某人那個(gè)時(shí)代,1. His discussion with his new boss, Hu Xin (HX), was to strongly influence his life as a journalist. be to do 結(jié)構(gòu)在本句中譯為“注定會(huì), 一定”。,(三)句式,be to do結(jié)構(gòu)有多重含義： 注定要發(fā)生; 預(yù)先安排好的計(jì)劃或約定; 應(yīng)該; 用于條件

20、句中表示“想要, 設(shè)想”。,2. Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you need to know. 放在句首的狀語(yǔ)若由“only+副詞”、“only+介詞詞組”、“only+狀語(yǔ)從句”構(gòu)成, 可引起局部倒裝, 即把助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞be放在主語(yǔ)之前。,e.g. Only then did I realize the importance of my health. 只是在那時(shí)我才認(rèn)識(shí)到健康的重要性。 Only when the war was over in

21、 1945 was he able to get back to work. 只是在1945年戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束后他才得以回去工作。,語(yǔ)法,倒裝 在英語(yǔ)中，為了強(qiáng)調(diào)或者出于語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要，往往采用倒裝語(yǔ)序。倒裝一般有兩種：一種是將主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)換位，叫做完全倒裝；另一種是將謂語(yǔ)的一部分(通常是助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)移至主語(yǔ)之前，叫做部分倒裝。,如： Into the shop came two customers. (完全倒裝) Seldom have I read an article that was so full of lies. (部分倒裝),常見的完全倒裝的情況: 1. 當(dāng)表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ)位于句

22、首且主語(yǔ) 為名詞時(shí)。如： Under the tree is sitting a handsome young boy. In front of the playground is a newly-built house.,2. 當(dāng)out, in, up, down, off, here, there, now, then等副詞位于句首且主語(yǔ)為名詞時(shí)。 如： In came the English teacher with a book in his hand. Here es the assistant you want to see. 3. 在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中。如： T

23、here is a man at the bus stop.,4. 當(dāng)作表語(yǔ)的形容詞、過去分詞等位于句 首且主語(yǔ)為名詞時(shí)。如： Present at the party were all world- famous singers. 5. 在某些表示祝愿的句子中。如： Long live our friendship!,常見的部分倒裝的情況: 1. 當(dāng)含有否定意義的副詞或連詞hardly, never, not, little, seldom, no longer, not only, not until等位于句首時(shí)。如： Never before have I seen such

24、a thrilling film. Little did I know that my life was about to change.,注意： not only ... but also ... 連接兩個(gè)并列分句時(shí)，如果not only位于句首，則前一分句倒裝，后一分句仍然用陳述語(yǔ)序。如： Not only did I know Helen, but also I was her best friend. not until后跟狀語(yǔ)從句位于句首時(shí)，從句不倒裝，后面的主句倒裝。如： Not until her son came back did Mrs. White go to bed

25、 last night.,2. only所修飾的副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句位于句首時(shí)。如： Only in this way was Jack able to make himself understood. Only then did I know the importance of friendship. Only after she finished the homework did she leave. 注意：如果only修飾主語(yǔ)位于句首時(shí), 句子不 倒裝。如： Only a few students can answer this question.,3. so, neit

26、her, nor引起的句子，表示前面的情況也適用于另一人或物。如： Mrs. Wang has gone abroad, so has her daughter. If you dont attend the meeting, neither / nor will I. 4. as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，常將表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)提前，構(gòu)成倒裝。此時(shí)as可與連詞though替換。 如： Angry as / though Professor Smith was, he managed to speak calmly.,5. if引導(dǎo)虛擬條件句時(shí)，可將if省略，同時(shí)將were / had / sho

27、uld等提至主語(yǔ)前。如： Had Mike got up earlier, he could have caught the bus.,根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)的漢語(yǔ)提示補(bǔ)全下列句子。 1) On the wall __________________________ (掛著一幅齊白石的畫). 2) Only when I got home ____________________________ (我才意識(shí)到發(fā)生了什么). 3) ____________________ (盡管我很疲憊), I continued my work.,hangs a painting by Qi Baishi,did I

28、 realize what had happened,Tired as / though I was,4) _________________________________ _________________(那位顧客不僅抱怨飯菜), he also refused to pay for it. 5) I havent been to France, _____________________ (吉姆也沒去過).,Not only did the customer plain about the meal,neither / nor has Jim,寫作,如何寫新聞報(bào)道,新聞報(bào)道是關(guān)于最近

29、發(fā)生的重要而新鮮的事情的報(bào)道或評(píng)述。它一般分為四個(gè)部分：標(biāo)題、導(dǎo)語(yǔ)、主體、結(jié)語(yǔ)。每部分特點(diǎn)如下： 一、標(biāo)題是新聞報(bào)道的題目，是對(duì)最有新聞價(jià)值內(nèi)容的濃縮、概括、提煉和再創(chuàng)造。,二、導(dǎo)語(yǔ)是消息開頭的第一段或第一句話，它簡(jiǎn)明扼要地揭示出報(bào)道的核心內(nèi)容(包括時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件)。 三、主體是導(dǎo)語(yǔ)之后的新聞?wù)归_，補(bǔ)充更加詳實(shí)的細(xì)節(jié)，使新聞報(bào)道內(nèi)容更加充實(shí)。 四、結(jié)語(yǔ)一般是最后一句話或者一段話，通常對(duì)全文內(nèi)容進(jìn)行概括性的總結(jié)或?qū)π侣勈录陌l(fā)展趨勢(shì)做出預(yù)測(cè)。,【寫作任務(wù)】 7 月25 日，你班舉辦了一場(chǎng)辯論賽，同學(xué)們就“父母該不該生二胎”進(jìn)行了討論。假定你是學(xué)校英語(yǔ)報(bào)記者，請(qǐng)你寫一篇短文報(bào)道

30、此次辯論賽。主要內(nèi)容包括：,注意： 1. 詞數(shù)120左右； 2. 可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫； 3. 標(biāo)題已給出，但不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。 Two Kids in One Family Support or Not? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________,【寫作指導(dǎo)】 審題定調(diào) 本習(xí)作屬于新聞報(bào)道，因此要客觀真實(shí)地提供事件發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、主要對(duì)象和事件的起因、經(jīng)過、結(jié)果。語(yǔ)言要客觀、準(zhǔn)確、簡(jiǎn)練。可采用第一人稱或第三人

31、稱，時(shí)態(tài)以過去時(shí)為主。,謀篇布局 本寫作標(biāo)題已給出，故我們只需寫出導(dǎo)語(yǔ)、主體和結(jié)語(yǔ)。步驟如下： 1. 概括導(dǎo)語(yǔ)：時(shí)間(7 月25 日)，地點(diǎn)(我班)，人物(同學(xué)們)，事件(辯論賽)； 2. 介紹正反觀點(diǎn)：正方觀點(diǎn)自己不再孤單，父母老了有更多人照顧；反方觀點(diǎn)增加家庭負(fù)擔(dān)，影響生活水平； 3. 總結(jié)全文：給出比賽結(jié)果，提出問題。,組織語(yǔ)言 1. 導(dǎo)語(yǔ),2. 主體,3. 結(jié)語(yǔ),【范文展示】 普通范文 Two Kids in One Family Support or Not? On July 25th, a heated debate on whether parents should h

32、ave a second child was held in our class. Details are as follows. One team considered it an excellent idea to have a brother or sister. In their view, they wouldnt feel lonely any more and their parents would feel more secure when getting old.,However, the other team thought it would have a negativ

33、e effect on the quality of their life. Because raising a child needs a lot of money, time and energy. In the end, the team who were against a “second child” won the debate. But, what choice will their parents make? Do they have the same intention?, 高級(jí)范文 Two Kids in One Family Support or Not? The r

34、elease of the two-child policy has aroused a heated discussion throughout the whole country. On July 25th, our class held a debate on this hot issue. The team who wanted a brother or sister thought they would feel less lonely. Whats more, parents would have two kids to depend on when they grew old,

35、 which of course would relieve the pressure on “the only child”.,However, the other team held a totally opposite view. They argued that a second child was certain to add more mental or financial burdens to the family. Finally, the team holding the negative attitude beat their opponent. Will the res

36、ult weaken some parents enthusiasm for giving birth to a second child?,鞏固練習(xí),I.用括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空。 1. Citizens should contact the police if they notice anything ________ (usual). 2. I was absolutely ________ (delight) with the way things had turned out. 3. Ill ask my personal _________ (assist) to deal wi

37、th this.,delighted,unusual,assistant,4. The police did a(n) __________ (admire) job in keeping the fans calm. 5. Youre a nurse, so can I ask your ___________ (profession) opinion on bandaging ankles? 6. Please let me know if you are unable to keep your ____________ (appoint).,admirable,appointment,p

38、rofessional,II.根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)的漢語(yǔ)提示補(bǔ)全下面句子。 1. You must ______________________ (提交你的申請(qǐng)) before January 1st. 2. In her later years, Helen _________________________ (專心致志 于她的寫作).,submit your application,concentrated on her writing,3. Not until he retired _________________ (he, did, consider) having a holiday

39、abroad. 4. I cant ever remember Dad hugging me.______________(did, neither, I, sit) on his knees.,did he consider,Neither did I sit,5. Only in this house ____________ (I, do, feel) safe and secure. 6.Its nice. Never before ____________ (I, had, have) such a special drink!,do I feel,have I had,III.按照

40、示例把下面句子改寫為倒裝句。 例：I never have felt so happy before. Never have I felt so happy before. 1. They are such wonderful players that no one can beat them. Such wonderful players are they that no one can beat them. 2. Tom had hardly finished his phone call when Mary knocked at the door. Hardly had Tom

41、 finished his phone call when Mary knocked at the door.,3. If I had known it was her birthday, I would have bought her a gift. Had I known it was her birthday, I would have bought her a gift. 4. Not only did he spill coffee everywhere, but he also broke my favourite vase. He not only spilled co

42、ffee everywhere but also broke my favourite vase.,5. They dont mind the higher prices, and we dont mind either. They dont mind the higher prices, and neither / nor do we. 6. I noticed that my travel bag was missing only when I arrived at the hotel. Only when I arrived at the hotel did I notice

43、 that my travel bag was missing.,IV. 閱讀下面材料, 在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。,In 1864 when he was 17, Joseph Pulitzer moved to the US from Hungary as a soldier for the Union army during the American Civil War. Struggling to make 1. ________ living in St. Louis after the war, he eventually got a job wit

44、h a German language newspaper. A(n) 2. ________ (gift) journalist, by 1872 he had acquired enough money to buy the St. Louis Post for $3,000,which was,gifted,a,successful enough for him to buy the St. Louis Dispatch as well. In an editorial he informed his readers 3. ________ the new St. Louis Post-

45、Dispatch would be independent and would publish only the 4. ________ (true). Success continued and in 1883 he was wealthy enough to buy the New York World, which became the 5. ________ (big) selling newspaper in the country. A sales war with William Randolph Hearst, owner of the New York Journal, 6.

46、 ________ (lead) to the development of yellow journalism, the,led,that,truth,biggest,use of bold (用粗體印刷的) headlines, exciting stories, illustrations and color supplements (副刊) to sell newspapers. 7. ________ (fail) eyesight eventually forced Pulitzer to give up his role as editor and concentrate 8.

47、_______ the papers business side. By 1911 he was 9. ________ (plete) blind and handed the running of the paper over to his son, Ralph. He died soon after leaving $2 million to Columbia University,,on,Failing,pletely,which used the money 10. ___________ (establish) a graduate school for journalists and organized the first Pulitzer Prize for journalism.,to establish,