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1、狀語從句 (Adverbial clause ),狀語從句的定義： 在復(fù)合句中由從句表示的狀語稱作狀語從句，它可以用來修飾謂語（包括非謂語動(dòng)詞）、定語或狀語，或是整個(gè)句子。,狀語從句的分類(9類）,時(shí)間狀語從句(when, whenever, as , while, before, after, since（自從）,till/untill, as soon as等） 地點(diǎn)狀語從句(where, wherever) 方式狀語從句 (as, as if=as though) 原因狀語從句(because=in that, since(既然）= now that） 目的狀語從句(so that,

2、in order that) 結(jié)果狀語從句(sothat, such that注意區(qū)別as) 條件狀語從句(if, unless, as/so long as,once...) 讓步狀語從句(as ,though, although，even if ,even though) 比較狀語從句(than, as..as,not soas;the +比較級(jí)，the +比較級(jí)）,I.Adverbial clause of condition (條件狀語從句),if “如果”;虛擬語氣和陳述語氣 unless (=if not) 意為“除非,如果不”。,III. in case(萬一，以防萬一）, o

3、n condition that， providing，provided (that)， supposing，suppose (that) IV. as/so long as （只要） once (一旦）,,“假如， 假使， 在條件下” (比if更書面化),1.The man will have to wait all day _____ the doctor works faster . if B. unless C. whether D. that 2.The WTO cant live up to its name ____ it doesnt include a country th

4、at is home to one fifth of mankind. (NMET 2000) as long as B. while C. if D. even though 3. If you want to do the job once more, youd better Be more careful ___ you make mistakes. A. in case B. when C. where D. so that,4.In time of serious accidents, ___we know some basic things about first aid,

5、we can save lives. A. Whether B. until C.if D. unless,A,1.though, although(盡管 ）but, still(yet/nevertheless) Though adv.放于句末，“然而，可是，不過” She promised to phone.I heard nothing,though. 2.as（盡管，必須用倒裝 though） 3.even if, even though（即使） 4. whether...or... （不論是否） 5.no matter+疑問詞 疑問詞-ever however whatever

6、6.While 放于句首,II.Adverbial clause of concession (讓步狀語從句）,Whether you come in winter or summer,you will find it a nice place to live in. Whatever the reason (is), he refuses to go. She would tell him whatever the news he got. No matter who you are, you must keep the law.=whoever you are ,you must kee

7、p the law. Whoever comes will be welcome.,1.You should have a good rest at the weekend ____much work you have to do. (期末測(cè)試題) however B. whichever C. whatever D. even if 2. The old tower must be saved, ______the cost. （05浙江）A.however B. whatever C. whichever D. wherever 3.Much ____the youn

8、g couple needed money to make the down payment (付首期) for the apartment, they wouldnt ask their parents for help. A. although B. as C. even if D. while,---What should I wear to attend his wedding party? ---Dress _____you like. A. What B. however C. whatever D. if any,B,_______ 從句中謂語v.既可是延續(xù)性的//終止性的. _

9、_______“一邊一邊”，“隨著” ，區(qū)別with ________引導(dǎo)的從句中的動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性的,when,as,while,1 when //as// while,As the time passes by, I know more and more English words.,With the passing of time, I know more and more English words.,時(shí)間狀語從句應(yīng)注意的問題,II.As 的用法小結(jié)(非常6+1),1)As she grew older, she gained in confidence.,3)As we all kn

10、ow, the 2008 Olympic Games was held on August 8th.,2)Always do to the others as you would be done by.,4) Much as he likes the car, he cant afford it. Object as you may, Ill go. Child as he is, he knows what is the right to do.,5)As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey. 6)what do yo

11、u think of the concert? --- I really enjoy it. I didnt expect it was as wonderful. (as it is) 7) He is famous as a movie star.,1） 時(shí)間狀語從句 當(dāng)時(shí)候，一邊一邊（伴隨）,2）方式狀語從句 (as 不做成分） 按照方式,5）原因狀語從句 因?yàn)?，由?6）比較狀語從句 （asas not so .as ) 7）介詞：作為,3）定語從句 (as做成分) 正如，好像 as we all know /as is the case/ as is known to a

12、ll/ as we can see,4） 讓步狀語從句 (倒裝,從句中狀語，表語，動(dòng)詞置于as 之前) 雖然，盡管,連詞6種用法+介詞1種用法：,III. While 用法小結(jié),1.時(shí)間狀語從句：當(dāng)時(shí)候，從句動(dòng)詞多為延續(xù)性的，或多為進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),3 連詞，表示對(duì)比 然而，可是,2讓步狀語從句(置于句首)：雖然,盡管,1)While I am writing this, you can be doing sth else.,3)Some people waste food while others havent enough.,2)While I admit he isnt perfect, I

13、 still love him.,1.I was doing my homework when he came.,=He was about to go out when the phone rang.,3.He had just arrived home when his mother asked him to have dinner.,2.I was on the point of going out when he came.,Summary 1:表示“這時(shí)突然的”句型,be doing when正在做這時(shí)突然 be on the point of doing when= be abou

14、t to dowhen (正要做這時(shí)突然） had just donewhen(剛做完某事這時(shí)突然）,IV. When 用法小結(jié)：,1）It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in 5 minutes. 2）Why did you train to be a teacher when you didnt love children? 3）How can we explain it to you when you wont listen.,Observe the followin

15、g sentences and tell the meaning of “when”,4）既然你有這么好的工作，為什么還要找新的呢？,5）既然你有車，為什么還要步行呢？,Summary 2: When 表示在情況下，可譯成既然 Finish the exercises:,Possible answers: 1.Why do you want a new job when youve got such a good one already? 2.Why do you walk when you have a car?,(1)as soon as (2)had hardly/scarcely do

16、newhen sb. did had no sooner donethan sb. did (一就） (3)The second/minute/moment /instant; (4)directly, instantly, immediately(連詞）,VI.表示“一就”的句型,此外：注意時(shí)間狀語從句中n. 做conj. the first/second/last time ; every time, next time，by the time（連詞) 第次,The first time I saw him, I fell in love with him. I fel

17、l in love with him the first time I saw him. Ill visit him next time I go to Beijing.,Summary: It is/was/will be +時(shí)間段+before (多久之后才） It isnt/wasnt/will not be +時(shí)間段+before (不久之后就.) before:還沒來得及就.,1)It will be a long time before we meet again. 2)It was a long time before we met again.,3) I

18、t wont be long before he gains success. 4)Why didt you tell him about the meeting? ---He rushed out of the room before I could say a word.,VII The use of “before”,時(shí)態(tài)的一致和含義,summary 1: It has been/is +時(shí)間段+since過去時(shí) It had been/was +時(shí)間段+since. 過去完成時(shí) （從開始已經(jīng)多久了）,It has been a long time since

19、we last met. It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.,Translate the following sentences: It has been four years since I was a student. It has been years since I enjoyed myself so much.,VIII. The use of “since”:,Summary 2: since 從句中的動(dòng)詞如果是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)該反著譯,IX. till/until,until / till “直到止”(肯

20、定句中，主句V.延續(xù)V.) notuntil “直到才”(否定句中，主句V.終止V.) until 可用于倒裝句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句 till不用于句首 She didnt finished her homework until I returned home. Not until I returned did she finish her homework. It was not until I returned home that she finished her homework.,原因狀語從句,1.For 的用法 2.在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中只能用because 3.記住幾個(gè)易忘的連詞：since,now th

21、at,in that, given that , seeing that, considering that,目的狀語從句： 1.In case 可以引導(dǎo)條件(多放于句首）和目的狀語從句（從句常用虛擬），分別翻譯“如果，萬一”和“以防” In case I forget,please remind me about it. Ive drawn some money form the bank in case you should need it. 2.lest, for fear that “唯恐” He ran away lest he (should/might) be seen. 他怕人

22、家看見他而跑開了.,比較狀語從句: As air is to man, (so） water is to fish. 恰如一樣 =Air is man what water is to fish.（平衡結(jié)構(gòu)）,X 狀語從句的省略,Look out for cars when crossing the street. If possible, Id like to have two copies of it. She advised me not to say anything unless asked/if not asked.,,,,when you are crossing,If it is possible,unless I was asked,Before being used， the machine must be oiled. After being introduced, they shook hands with each other.,主語一致原則,連詞+doing、done, adj, n.,