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111 Unit 4　Earthquakes Ⅰ.單詞拼寫 1．Without ________ (電), life would not be so convenient today. 2．The building was completely ________ (毀壞) by fire. 3．They are working under ________ (極大的) pressure at the moment. 4．After the war they saved those who were alive and ________ (埋葬) the dead. 5．They were ________ (困住) in a deep hole and couldn't get out. 6．The ________ (法官) sentenced him to five years in prison. 7．She ________ (突發(fā)，爆炸) into tears at the news that her father had passed away. 8．On arriving there, we offered our ________ (祝賀) to him on his success. 9．Don't stand so near the edge, you're ________ (嚇唬) me. 10．It's wrong of you to take ________ (躲避) under the tree in the storm. 答案：1.electricity　2.destroyed　3.extreme　4.buried 5．trapped　6.judge　7.burst　8.congratulations　9.frightening　10.shelter Ⅱ.完成句子 1．You shouldn't have gone out to play________ ________ ________ ________(沒完成作業(yè))．(leave) 2．That scientist knew nothing about the matter, because he________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ______(總是專心于研究)．(bury) 3．________ ________ ________ ________ ________(從她上一封信看), they are having a wonderful time.(judge) 4．If a pen is partly put into the water, it looks________ ________ ________ ________ ________(好像斷了)．(as) 5．The boy________ ________ ________(突然大哭起來)on seeing the big dog.(burst) 答案：1.leaving your homework unfinished　2.was always buried in his study　3.Judging by/from her last letter　4.as if it were broken　5.burst into tears/burst out crying Ⅲ.單項填空 1．After the fire, the once beautiful house is________. A．in ruin　 　 B．on the ruin C．on ruins D．in ruins 答案：D　in ruins是固定短語，意為“嚴(yán)重受損，破敗不堪”。句意：大火過后，曾經(jīng)漂亮的房子成了一片廢墟。 2．________the number of cars, only________small number of people have attended the meeting. A．Judging from; a B．Judged from; a C．Judging from; the D．Judged from; the 答案：A　考查judge及a/the number of的用法。句意：從車的數(shù)量來看，只有少數(shù)人參加了會議。judging from為固定用法，可先排除B、D。a number of意為“一些”，the number of意為“……的數(shù)量”。 3．The audience waited until the curtain rose and then________laughter at the sight of the funny actor. A．burst out B．burst into C．broken into D．began with 答案：B　考查詞語搭配。burst into laughter＝burst out laughing，意為“大笑起來”。句意：觀眾們一直等到幕布拉起，然后一看到那個滑稽的演員，大家都突然大笑起來。break into“破門而入”；begin with“以……開始”。 4．________seems to me that you don't like that boy. A．That B．It C．He D．This 答案：B　it seems(to sb.)that...為固定句型，意為“好像……”。 5．To my anger, the dog followed me________I went. A．everywhere B．a(chǎn)nywhere C．a(chǎn)ny place D．where there 答案：A　考查everywhere作連詞的用法。everywhere＝wherever/no matter where。 6．As is reported，________money is spent on tobacco every year. A．a(chǎn) large amount of B．a(chǎn) large number of C．a(chǎn) great many D．a(chǎn) great many of 答案：A　money是不可數(shù)名詞，因此只能用a large amount of(許多，大量的)修飾。句意：據(jù)報道，每年都有許多錢花在了煙草上。a number of和a great many也有此意，但只能修飾可數(shù)名詞。 7．Thank you so much. You________me from an embarrassing situation. A．remember B．recover C．rescue D．reserve 答案：C　rescue sb. from...意思是“把某人從……中解救出來”，符合題意。 8．(2010·天津，11)Joining the firm as a clerk, he got rapid promotion，and________as a manager. A．ended up B．dropped out C．came back D．started off 答案：A　end up“最后成為；最終成為”。 9．Lucy didn't answer.________， she looked out of the window, as if thinking. A．But B．However C．Instead D．And 答案：C　考查詞語辨析。句意：露西沒有回答。相反，她向窗外看去，好像在思考問題。instead“相反”，符合句意。 10．He sighed again and the failure in physics seemed to have completely________his confidence. A．injured B．destroyed C．shocked D．a(chǎn)ttacked 答案：B　考查動詞。句意：他嘆了口氣，物理考試不及格好像徹底摧毀了他的自信心。injure指在事故中受傷或者損害名譽(yù)、自尊等；destroy“摧毀，毀滅”，符合句意；shock“使震驚”；attack“襲擊”。 11．—________ was not careful enough in the test. —I agree with you. Bob, for example, is always a careless boy. A．Anyone B．None C．All D．Everyone 答案：D　從答語知這一句話為部分否定句式，故應(yīng)從C、D中選擇；而all若指人，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞對應(yīng)，故排除C。 12．It was raining more and more heavily, and we all stood there under the________， just outside the door. A．window B．tent C．roof D．shelter 答案：D　考查名詞辨析。由語境可知，雨下得很大，我們正在避雨，地點就在“outside the door”，由此可以排除window, roof，更不可能是tent“帳篷”，所以應(yīng)選shelter“躲避處”。 13．(2013·貴州省六校聯(lián)盟第一次聯(lián)考)________ in a classic detective novel, the landlord didn't notice a thief was creeping up to his bedroom. A．Buried B．To be buried C．Burying D．Having buried 答案：A　考查非謂語動詞作狀語。句意：因為全神貫注于一部經(jīng)典偵探小說，房東沒有注意到一個賊正在躡手躡腳地向他的臥室走去。句子主語the landlord與bury構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，所以排除C、D兩項；B項不定式表示將來，不符合語境，也可以排除。 14．(2012·寶雞質(zhì)檢一)—I've passed my driving test, and soon I'll get my driving license. —________. A.Good luck B.Congratulations C．No problem D．Be patient 答案：B　考查交際英語。由前句可知，應(yīng)該選Congratulations，意思是“恭喜，恭喜”。 15．(2012·萬州區(qū)一診)Though first________to see the car ahead suddenly turned over, he calmly pulled up to give a hand immediately. A. shocking B. shocked C. to be shocked D. being shocked 答案：B　考查非謂語動詞。句意：看到前面的車突然翻了，一開始他很吃驚，但是他很快平靜下來，把車停在旁邊，立即開始施救。由句意可知，他很驚訝，所以用shocked。該句though后省略了句子的主語he，和動詞be的形式was，也可以補(bǔ)充在though后，得出填shocked。 Ⅳ.閱讀理解 A Everyone has heard of the San Andreas fault (斷層), which constantly threatens California and the West Coast with earthquakes. But how many people know about the equally serious New Madrid fault in Missouri? Between December of 1811 and February of 1812, three major earthquakes occurred, all centered around the town of New Madrid, Missouri, on the Mississippi River. Property damage was severe. Buildings in the area were almost destroyed. Whole forests fell at once, and huge cracks opened in the ground, releasing some strong smell chemicals. The Mississippi River itself completely changed character, developing sudden rapids and whirlpools(激流和漩渦). Several times it changed its course, and once, according to some observers, it actually appeared to run backwards. Few people were killed in the New Madrid earthquakes, probably simply because few people lived in the area in 1811; but the severity of the earthquakes was shown by the fact that the shock waves rang bells in church towers in Charleston, South Carolina, on the coast. Buildings shook in New York City, and clocks were stopped in Washington, D．C.. Scientists now know that America's two major faults are essentially different. The San Andreas is a horizontal(水平的)boundary between two major land masses that are slowly moving in opposite directions. California earthquakes result when the two masses make a sudden move. The New Madrid fault, on the other hand, is a vertical fault; at some point, possibly hundreds of millions of years ago, rock was pushed up toward the surface, probably by volcanoes under the surface. Suddenly, the volcanoes cooled and the rock collapsed, leaving huge cracks. Even now, the rock continues to settle downwards, and sudden sinking motions cause earthquakes in the region. The fault itself, a large crack in this layer of rock, with dozens of other cracks that split off from it, extends from northeast Arkansas through Missouri and into southern Illinois. Scientists who have studied the New Madrid fault say there have been numerous smaller quakes in the area since 1811; these smaller quakes indicate that larger ones are probably coming, but the scientists say they have no method of predicting when a large earthquake will occur. 文章大意：本文通過歷史回顧和科學(xué)分析，提醒人們多關(guān)注New Madrid地區(qū)頻繁的地震。 1．This passage is mainly about________. A. the New Madrid fault B. the San Andreas C. the causes of faults D. current scientific knowledge about faults 答案：A　主旨大意題。由本文第一段的最后一句話“But how many people know about the equally serious New Madrid fault in Missouri? ”可知。 2．Which of the following pictures best describes the type of the New Madrid fault? 答案：B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本文第四段和第五段內(nèi)容可以判斷The San Andreas fault是水平地震，而The New Madrid fault是垂直地震，所以B項正確。 3．This passage implies that________. A. horizontal faults are more dangerous than vertical faults B. vertical faults are more dangerous than horizontal faults C. a lot of people would die if the 1811 New Madrid earthquakes happened today D. the volcanoes that caused the New Madrid fault are still alive. 答案：C　推理判斷題。本文無A、B兩項相關(guān)內(nèi)容；根據(jù)第五段中第二句“Suddenly, the volcanoes cooled and the rock collapsed, leaving huge cracks. Even now, the rock continues to settle downwards”可以排除D項；根據(jù)第三段第三句“Few people were killed in the New Madrid earthquakes, probably simply because few people lived in the area in 1811”可以推測答案為C。 B A powerful earthquake struck the northeastern coast of Japan at 2：46 p. m. local time on March 11th, 2011. Japan's Meteorological Agency released its first tsunami warnings just three minutes later. The country has one of the best earthquake early warning systems in the world. There are over 4,000 Seismic Intensity Meters(地震烈度測量儀) in place throughout Japan to measure earthquake activity. These meters provide information within two minutes of an earthquake happening. Information about the strength and the center of the earthquake can be learned within three minutes. There are also concrete sea walls around much of the Japanese coastline. But these measures proved no match for the powerful earthquake and tsunami. Castas Synolakis is a tsunami expert in Los Angeles. He says, “Japan is one of those most well-prepared countries on earth in terms of tsunami warning. They had a warning. I think what went wrong is that they had not anticipated the size of this event.” He says there are two reasons for this. Japan has not had any event anywhere near as big as this one in the last 150 years. And scientists had not expected such a large earthquake happening off the coast of Japan. The 9.0-magnitude earthquake was the 4th most powerful earthquake ever recorded worldwide. It was also the worst earthquake ever to hit Japan. The tsunami waves that followed were reported to have reached as high as 13 meters in some areas. Costas Synolakis says Japan's concrete sea walls were not built to handle such high waves. A tsunami wave can travel as fast as 800 kilometers per hour. To get to higher ground people would often have to travel for many kilometers. This can take more time than a fast traveling tsunami will permit. This is especially true in cases like Japan, where the center of the earthquake struck so close to the coastline. The tsunami waves followed almost immediately. Experts say early warning systems will continue to be limited by these_facts until earthquakes and tsunamis can be predicted. 文章大意：本文是科技文。日本的地震預(yù)警系統(tǒng)位居世界前列，能在地震發(fā)生后的兩分鐘內(nèi)提供信息。三分鐘內(nèi)能夠提供有關(guān)地震強(qiáng)度和震中的信息。在海嘯預(yù)警方面，日本是世界上準(zhǔn)備工作做得最充分的國家之一，但這次他們沒有預(yù)測出這次海嘯的規(guī)模如此之大。 4．From the second paragraph we can infer that________. A．Japan is an island country B．the center of the earthquake is located in the northeastern coast C．the meters in Japan have dropped behind D．many measures have been carried out to reduce the consequences of earthquakes in Japan 答案：D　推理判斷題。A說法正確，但不是本段的推理；B不是由第二段推理得出的，是第一段中明示的信息。根據(jù)“These meters provide information within two minutes of an earthquake happening.Information about the strength and the center of the earthquake can be learned within three minutes.”判斷，C項推理錯誤。D項根據(jù)所列事實可以推斷得出。 5．The underlined word “anticipated” in the third paragraph probably means“________”． A. predicted B. measured C. counted D. prevented 答案：A　猜測詞義題。根據(jù)第四段和第五段信息可知，日本的海嘯預(yù)警系統(tǒng)是世界上最好的之一，此次失誤在于沒有預(yù)料到海嘯的規(guī)模如此大。 6．The underlined words “these facts” in the last paragraph refer to the following EXCEPT________. A. the concrete sea walls can't control the wave B. it is the worst earthquake happening in Japan in the history C. the speed of the tsunami is frightening and quick D. there are many earthquakes in Japan 答案：D　細(xì)節(jié)認(rèn)定題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段、倒數(shù)第三段內(nèi)容可知答案為D。 7．Which may be the best title of this passage? A. Earthquakes and tsunamis can be predicted B. A 9.0-magnitude earthquake hit Japan C. Japan's concrete sea walls D. A report about Japan's early warning systems 答案：D　主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容判斷，文章介紹日本擁有世界上最先進(jìn)的地震、海嘯預(yù)警系統(tǒng)，但沒有預(yù)料到這次大地震和海嘯如此之猛。 8．On which column of China Daily can you find the passage? A. Technology B. Culture discovery C. Travel D. History 答案：A　推理判斷題。本文主要介紹的是日本的地震、海嘯預(yù)警系統(tǒng)的先進(jìn)性和局限性。 111