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1、專題十三并列連詞、復合句和特殊句式,高考英語（天津專用）,考點一并列連詞 1.and,考點清單,2.or,3.表示對比、轉折關系的并列連詞有but,yet,whereas,while等。 Jane said she was ill,yet I saw her in the street just now. 簡說她生病了,但剛才我在街上看到了她。 He likes pop music,while I am fond of folk music. 他喜歡流行音樂,而我喜歡民間音樂。 Some of the studies show positive results,whereas others d

2、o not.有一些研究結果令人滿意,然而其他的則不然。,此外but還可用于“Im sorry but...”,“Excuse me but...”句型中。 I am sorry but I wont be able to e tonight.對不起我今晚不能來。 4.表示因果關系的并列連詞有so,for等。 It must have rained last night,for it is wet all over. 昨晚一定下雨了,因為到處都是濕的。 The shops were closed,so I didnt get any milk. 商店都關門了,所以我沒買到牛奶。 5.when也可

3、用作并列連詞,常用于下列句式: when...,We were having a meeting when someone broke in. 我們正在開會,這時有人闖了進來。 We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain. 我們正打算動身,突然下起了雨。 I had just finished my homework when Tom came to me. 我剛寫完作業(yè),Tom就來找我了。 6.both...and...,neither...nor...,not only...but also...等。 He spoke w

4、ith both kindness and understanding. 他說話既親切又善解人意。 Neither Tom nor Helen is hard-working. 湯姆和海倫都不勤奮。,Not only men but also women were chosen. 選中的不僅有男性還有女性。 They have a flat in town as well as in the countryside.他們在城里有一套公寓,在鄉(xiāng)村也有。 題組訓練用并列連詞填空 Shall we go out to the cinemaorstay at home? There are many

5、kinds of sports,but my favorite is swimming. Henry is very smart,somany of his classmates like him. Work hard and you will be admitted to a key university. Hurry up or you will miss the bus.,考點二定語從句 一、限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別,He has two sons,who work in the same pany.(He has only two sons.) 他有兩個兒子,他們在同一家

6、公司上班。 He has two sons who work in the same pany.(Perhaps he has more than two sons.) 他有兩個兒子在同一家公司上班。,He failed in the match,which was a great pity.(非限制性定語從句,先行詞為前面的句子) (=He failed in the match,and it was a great pity.) 他在比賽中失敗了,這太令人遺憾了。 題組訓練句型轉換 That is his father,and he works in Shanghai. That is h

7、is father,whoworks in Shanghai. I like the boy,who is very lovely. I like the boy,because/forhe is very lovely. He told me a story yesterday,and I thought it was very interesting. He told me a story yesterday,whichI thought was very interesting.,二、關系代詞的用法 (一)限制性定語從句中關系代詞的用法,1.先行詞指人且在定語從句中作主語,需用who/t

8、hat引導,且不能省略。 She is the girl who/that lives next door. 她就是住在隔壁的女孩。 2.先行詞指物且在定語從句中作主語,需用that/which引導,且不能省略。 The work that/which has just been finished is very important. 剛剛完成的那份工作很重要。 3.先行詞指物且在定語從句中作賓語,用that或which引導,且可省略that/which。 That is the book(that/which) I want to read. 那就是我想要讀的那本書。,4.先行詞指人且在定語

9、從句中作賓語,用whom/who/that引導,且可省略whom/who/that。 Thats the girl (whom/who/that) I teach. 那就是我教的女孩。 5.先行詞指人或物且在定語從句中作定語,用whose或of whom/of which引導。 This is the scientist whose achievements are well known. =This is the scientist,the achievements of whom are well known. =This is the scientist,of whom the achi

10、evements are well known. 這就是那位成就卓著的科學家。 This is the house whose window broke last night.,=This is the house,the window of which broke last night. =This is the house,of which the window broke last night. 這就是昨晚窗戶被打破的那所房子。 (注意等號后定語從句中的定冠詞) 6.as引導限制性定語從句常用于下列句式: We have found such materials as are used

11、in their factory. 我們已經(jīng)找到了像他們工廠里用的那種材料。(as作主語) This book is not such as I expect. 這不是我期望的書。(as作賓語),I have the same book as he has. 我和他有同樣的書。(as作賓語) 題組訓練用who,whom,that,which,whose,as填空 The house whosewindows face the north belongs to him. The manwho/whom/thatyou met just now is my old friend. The manw

12、ho/thatis walking in the playground is my old friend. Take the bookwhich/thatis lying on the table. She is such a girlasis always finding fault with other people.,(二)非限制性定語從句中關系代詞的用法,1.關系代詞在任何情況下都不能省略。 I want to buy a dictionary,which is valuable to my learning.(which不能省略) 我想買本字典,字典對我的學習很有價值。 2.who(

13、主語,賓語),whom(賓語),which(主語,賓語)不能用that代替。 This is New York,which I have visited for several times.(which不能用that代替)這就是紐約,我參觀過這里好幾次了。 3.which引導非限制性定語從句時,先行詞可以是一個詞,也可以是個句子。 He was late again,which made the teacher very unhappy.(先行詞為整個主句)他又遲到了,這使老師很不高興。,4.關系代詞as也可引導非限制性定語從句,先行詞為句子,as在從句中作主語、賓語等。 As we know

14、,China is a developing country. 我們知道,中國是個發(fā)展中國家。 As is known to us all,China is in the east of Asia. 眾所周知,中國在亞洲的東部。 (三)關系代詞除上面的基本用法外,還有下列特殊用法: 1.有時為了使表達的意思更清楚,用“which+名詞”引導定語從句。 He advised me to hide behind the door,which advice I took at once.他建議我躲在門后,我立即照著做了。 2.“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句,(1)當介詞放在關系代詞的前面時,關系代

15、詞常用which或whom,并且不能省略。 He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows,most of which hadnt been cleaned for at least a year. 他付給男孩10美元擦洗10扇窗戶,這10扇窗戶中大部分至少一年沒擦了。 In the dark street,there wasnt a person,to whom she could turn to. 在黑暗的街道上一個人也沒有,她沒有人可以求助。 (2)在限制性定語從句中,當介詞位于定語從句的末尾時,可用that/which(指物),that/whom

16、/who(指人)作介詞的賓語,而且作介詞賓語的關系代詞可以省略。,This is the hero we are proud of. 這是我們引以為榮的那個英雄。 This is the pen I wrote the letter with. 這是我寫信時用的那支鋼筆。 (3)在非限制性定語從句中,“介詞+which/whom”中的介詞不能移到從句的后面。 He has visited Guan No.One High School for several times,in which he has many friends.(in不能放在定語從句句末),他已經(jīng)參觀固安一中幾次了,在那里他有

17、很多朋友。 (4)“復合介詞短語+關系代詞which”引導的定語從句常與先行詞用逗號分開,定語從句常用倒裝語序。 He lived in a big house,in front of which stood a big tall tree. 他住在一所大房子里,房子前面有一棵又大又高的樹。 (5)“介詞+which/whom+不定式”結構。 The poor man has no house in which to live. =The poor man has no house (that/which)he can live in. =The poor man has no house i

18、n which he can live. =The poor man has no house to live in. 那個窮人沒房子住。,題組訓練單句填空 He may win the petition,in which case he is likely to get into the national team. Franks dream is to have his own garden in which to produce many beautiful flowers.,(四)幾組關系詞的辨析 1.關系代詞that 和which的區(qū)別 (1)在限制性定語從句中,用關系代詞that不

19、用which的情況:,(2)當先行詞指事/物時,定語從句中關系代詞用which不用that的情況:,I refuse to accept the blame for something thatwas someone elses fault. Whenever I met her,which was fairly often,she greeted me with a sweet smile. All the presents that your friends gave you on your birthday should be put away. This is the very boo

20、k that I have been looking for. He was late for the opening ceremony,which was very surprising to me.,題組訓練用關系代詞that或which填空,2.關系代詞as和which as和which都可以引導非限制性定語從句,先行詞為整個主句或主句中 的一部分內(nèi)容,先行詞在定語從句中作主語、賓語或表語,as與which均不可省略,有時兩者可以互換。 He married her,as/which was natural. 他跟她結婚了,這是很自然的事。 (1)下列情況通常只用as而不用which:

21、1)當定語從句置于主句前面時,用as不用which。 As you see,the Chinese people are hard-working.(定語從句在句首)正如你所知道的,中國人民是勤勞的。 注意下面句子的多種表達方法:,題組訓練用as,it,what填空 Whatis known to us all is that China has the largest population in the world. Itis known to us all that China has the largest population in the world.,Asis known to u

22、s all,China has the largest population in the world. 2)先行詞作主語且定語從句使用被動語態(tài)時,通常用as不用which,從句謂語通常為:be known,be said,be reported,be announced,be men-tioned等。如果從句是主動語態(tài),一般用which作主語。 She has been absent again,as is expected. 她又缺席了,這在預料之中。 Tom has made rapid progress,which makes me very happy. 湯姆進步很快,這使我很高興。

23、 另外,as常用在下列習慣用語中:as(it)seems likely,as(it)often happens,as(it)was printed out,as(it)was said earlier,as I remember(it),as I understand(it),as(it)appears,as is often the case,as anybody can see,as we have expected。,Jack has won first prize,as it often happens.像往常一樣,杰克得了一等獎。 She has read widely in Rom

24、antic Literature,as it appears from her essay. 她廣泛涉獵了浪漫主義文學,這從她的文章中可以看出來。 (2)下列情況通常用which而不用as:,題組訓練單句填空 A lot of language learning, as has been discovered,is happening in the first year of life,so parents should talk much to their children during that period. There is no simple answer, as is often

25、the case in science. 三、關系副詞的用法 (一)當關系詞在定語從句中作狀語時,要用關系副詞。其中when=表時間的介詞(如:in,at,on,during等)+which;where=表地點的介詞(如:in,at,on,under等)+which;why=表原因的介詞(如:for)+which。 I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.(when=on which) 我還記得第一次來北京的那一天。,Can you tell me the office where he works?(where=in whi

26、ch) 你能告訴我他工作的辦公室嗎? Do you know the reason why he is absent?(why=for which) 你知道他缺席的原因嗎? 此外,當先行詞為situation,case,stage,point等,且關系詞在定語從句中作狀語時,也要用關系副詞where引導。 They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.他們已經(jīng)到了必須分手的地步。,題組訓練單句填空 He wrote a letterwherehe explained what had happen

27、ed in the accident. Sales director is a positionwheremunication ability is just as important as sales skills. (二)where/when=介詞+關系代詞(which),有時為表達清楚,還可以在關系副詞where/when前加介詞from/to等。 China is the birthplace of kites,from where kite flying spreads to Japan,Thailand, India and so on. 中國是風箏的發(fā)源地,從這里放風箏傳到了日

28、本、泰國、印度等國家。 (三)關系副詞when,where可用于非限制性定語從句中,而關系副詞why不可以。,四、注意way和time后接定語從句的情況 1.當先行詞是way(意為“方式,方法”)時,引導定語從句的關系詞有下 列三種形式。 What surprised me was not what he said but the way he said it. 讓我吃驚的不是他說的話,而是他說話的方式。 注意下面兩個句子中關系詞的不同,試比較: The way he explained to us was quite simple. 他向我們解釋的那種方法很簡單。,The way he

29、explained the sentence to us was not difficult to un derstand. 他向我們解釋句子的那種方式不難理解。 2.先行詞是time,若time作“次數(shù)”講,應用關系代詞that引導定語從句,that可省略;若time作“一段時間”講且作狀語,應用關系副詞when或“介詞at/during+which”引導定語從句。 This is the second time (that) the President has visited the country.這是總統(tǒng)第二次訪問這個國家了。 This was at a time when/durin

30、g which there were no radios,no telephones or no TV sets. 這是在一個沒有收音機、沒有電話,也沒有電視的時期。,題組訓練用適當?shù)年P系代詞、關系副詞或“介詞+關系代詞”填空 I dont like the waythat/in whichhe laughs at her. This is the second timethatI have been here. Can you still remember the timethat/whichwe spent together in our childhood? 五、定語從句中關系代詞和關

31、系副詞的比較 引導定語從句的關系代詞和關系副詞除了起連接主句和從句的作用外,它們還有一個最重要的作用,那就是它們分別在定語從句中作成分。具體地說,關系代詞在定語從句中作主語、賓語、定語或表語,而關系副詞在定語從句中作狀語。因此,在選擇關系詞時,最重要的是分析一下定語從句中所缺的成分,若從句中缺主語、賓語、定語或表語,那么需用關系代詞;若從句中缺狀語,那么需用關系副詞。,試比較下面的句子: (1)Do you still remember the days (that/which) we spent in Qingdao?你還記得我們在青島度過的日子嗎? (2)Do you still reme

32、mber the days when we spent the summer holidays in Qingdao? 你還記得我們在青島過暑假的日子嗎? 在句(1)中,定語從句中缺賓語,因此可用關系代詞that/which來引導從句,也可省略;在句(2)中,定語從句中缺時間狀語,因此需用關系副詞when來引導從句。 題組訓練用that,when,why,where,which填空 I want to know the datewhenyou were born.,I have forgotten the datethat/whichyou told me. Do you know the r

33、easonwhyhe is absent today? That is the reasonthat/whichI want to know. Many countries are now setting up national parkswhereanimals and plants can be protected. This is the factorythat/whichhis father built.,考點三名詞性從句 一、名詞性從句的結構和功能總述 名詞性從句包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。名詞性從句是一種具有名詞功能的非獨立分句。名詞性從句主要有四種從句結構:以t

34、hat引導的從句;以whether/if引導的從句;以連接代詞/副詞who,where,why等引導的從句;以what或wh-ever等引導的名詞性關系從句。此外,as if/as though也可引導表語從句。具體用法見下表:,題組訓練完成下面句子 Can you tell mehow I can(我如何能)get to the railway station? These photographs will show youwhat our village looks/is like(我們村看上去是什么樣子的). 二、以that引導的從句 (一)主語從句 1.that從句作主語時,常用it作

35、形式主語,常見的句型有:,2.在口語中,that?？墒÷?尤其是在非常短的句子中,但that從句位于句首時,that是不能省略的。 Its a pity(that)youre leaving.你要離開,真遺憾。 That we are invited to the concert this evening is good news to us. 我們被邀請去參加今晚的音樂會,這對我們來說是個好消息。,(二)that從句作賓語從句 1.that從句可作及物動詞的賓語,常用的結構有:,2.that從句作介詞賓語,常用結構有:,(三)that引導的從句作表語從句、同位語從句,(四)that引導同位語

36、從句與that引導的定語從句的區(qū)別,題組訓練單句填空 It is obvious to the studentsthatthey should get well prepared for their future. The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.,三、以whether/if(是否)引導的從句 (一)whether/if(是否)引導的表語從句、同位語從句,(二)whether/if(是否)引導的主語從句,(三)whether/if(是否)引導的賓語從句,題組訓練用whether/if填空 It is stil

37、l under discussionwhetherthe old bus station should be re-placed with a modern hotel or not. I am not surewhether/ifhe will e here or not. This decision will have an effect onwhetheror not he will succeed. 四、連接代詞/副詞where,who,how,why等引導的從句 (一)連接代詞/副詞引導的主語從句 連接代詞/副詞引導主語從句時,常用it作形式主語。如: It makes no dif

38、ference where we shall have the meeting. 我們在哪兒開會都無所謂。 It has not been decided yet who will preside over the meeting.由誰來主持,會議還沒有決定。 (二)連接代詞/副詞引導的賓語從句 1.能接連接代/副詞引導的賓語從句的動詞有很多,常見的有see,tell,ask,know,decide,imagine,suggest,doubt,wonder,show,discuss,understand,in-form,advise等。 I cant imagine how he did it

39、. 我不能想象他是如何做的這件事。 They couldnt understand why I refused it. 他們不明白我為什么拒絕這件事。 2.作介詞賓語。如: It all depends on how we solve the problem.,這完全要看我們?nèi)绾谓鉀Q這個問題。 We are worrying about what we should do next. 我們正在為下一步該做什么而煩惱。 (三)連接代詞/副詞引導的表語從句、同位語從句 The problem is where we should stay. 問題是我們應該待在哪里。(表語從句) The quest

40、ion how I shall get in touch with him has not been answered. 我如何能和他取得聯(lián)系的問題還沒有得到答復。(同位語從句),題組訓練單句填空 Im afraid hes more of a talker than a doer,which iswhyhe never finished anything. Many young people in the West are expected to leavewhatcould be lifes most important decisionmarriagealmost entirely up

41、 to luck. 五、以what或wh-ever等引導的名詞性從句 what可用來引導名詞性從句,此時what=the thing(s)which/that,有時what可以用作前置定語,如what help,what funny stories等。此外,whoever=anyone who;whichever=anyone who/anything that(whichever也可指人);whatever=anything that(whichever和whatever也可作定語)。有時where(=the place where)和when(=the time when)也可以用來引導名

42、詞性從句。,(一)主語從句 What they need is a good textbook.他們需要的是一本好課本。 Whatever he likes will be given to him.他喜歡的任何東西都會給他。 Whichever book he bought would be paid for. 無論他買了哪一本書都要付款。 Whoever did this job must be rewarded. 無論誰干了這項工作一定要得到酬謝。 (二)賓語從句 She will give whoever(=anyone who)needs help warm support. 凡需要

43、幫助的人,她都會給予熱情的支持。(作動詞賓語) I spent what little time I had with my family.,我僅有的那一點時間都與家人在一起度過了。(作動詞賓語) She walked up to where(=the place where)he stood. 她走到他站著的地方。(作介詞賓語) I can judge by what(=the things that)I know of him. 我可以根據(jù)我對他的了解來判斷。(作介詞賓語) You can write about whatever topic(=any topic that)you pre

44、fer.你可以寫你喜歡的任何話題。(作介詞賓語) (三)表語從句 This is where our problem lies. 這就是我們的問題所在。 Tomorrow is when it would be the most convenient.,明天是最方便的時候。 (四)同位語從句 I gave the girl a big doll,exactly what she longed to have. 我給了這個女孩一個大洋娃娃,那正是她渴望擁有的東西。 (五)賓語補足語 Well make him whatever he is fit for. 他適合干什么,我們就培養(yǎng)他干什么。 I

45、ll call the baby whatever name you like. 你喜歡什么名字,我就叫這個小孩什么名字。 He has made the pany what it is today. 他把公司辦成了今天這個樣子。,題組訓練單句填空 Whicheverone of you breaks the window will have to pay for it. The book can be of help towhoeverwants to do the job. She is very dear to us.We have been prepared to dowhatever

46、it takes to save her life. How about camping this weekend,just for a change? OK,whateveryou want. 六、名詞性從句的幾個易混點 (一)that通常不可省略的情況 1.that引導的主語從句置于句首時; That prices will go up is certain.,物價要上漲是肯定的。 2.當一個句子有兩個或多個并列的賓語從句時,引導第二個和以后幾個從句的that不可省略; He told me he had to leave and that he would be back soon. 他

47、告訴我他得離開且很快就回來。 3.由it作形式賓語時,that引導的賓語從句中的that大多不可省略。 You can put it that it was arranged before. 您可以說這是之前安排好的。 (二)as if/as though,because,why也可引導表語從句。 It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起來天好像要下雨。,Thats because he didnt work hard enough. 那是因為他不夠努力工作。 That was why I asked for three days leave. 那就是為

48、什么我請了三天假。 注意:because引導表語從句時,主句主語不能是reason或cause,而且since和as不能引導表語從句。,考點四狀語從句 一、時間狀語從句 (一)when,while,as 1.從屬連詞when既可引導一個持續(xù)性動作,也可引導一個短暫性動作;可用于主句動作和從句動作同時發(fā)生,也可用于從句動作先于主句動作發(fā)生的情況。 When I lived there,I used to go to the seashore on Sundays. 我住在那里時,星期天常到海濱去。 When the film ended,the people went back. 電影一結束,看

49、電影的人便回去了。,2.從屬連詞while引導的動作必須是持續(xù)性的,側重主句動作和從句動作 相對比。 Please dont talk so loud while others are working. 別人在工作時請別那么大聲談話。 3.從屬連詞as可表示從句和主句的兩個動作交替進行或同時完成,可譯為“一邊,一邊”或“隨著”。 He hurried home,looking behind as he walked. 他匆匆忙忙回家去,一邊走一邊回頭望。 As time goes on,its getting warmer and warmer. 隨著時間的推移,天氣變得越來越暖和了。 4.如

50、果主句表示的是短暫性動作,而從句用延續(xù)性動詞的進行時態(tài)表示在一段時間內(nèi)正在進行的動作,此時when,while與as可互換使用。,When/While/As I was walking down the street,I came across an old friend of mine. 當我沿大街行走時,碰巧遇到了我的一個老朋友。 題組訓練用when,while,as填空 When/While/AsI was waiting at the bus stop,I noticed a police car in front of the store. WhenJohn arrived,I wa

51、s cooking lunch. Ashe grew older,he lost interest in everything except gardening. (二)as soon as,immediately,directly,the moment,the minute,the instant和once(一就) 這些從屬連詞引導的從句都表示從句的動作一發(fā)生,主句的動作隨即發(fā),生,常譯為“一就”。 The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother. 那個男孩一見到他媽媽便放聲大哭。 注意:no sooner...than...;h

52、ardly/scarcely...when...也可表示“一就”,這一結構的時態(tài)搭配為:no sooner與hardly/scarcely所在的主句的謂語動詞應用過去完成時,而than與when引導的從句的謂語動詞應用一般過去時。此外,當把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首時,其所在的主句應用倒裝語序。,題組訓練單句填空 He had no sooner finished his speechthanthe students started cheer-ing. You will be successful in the interviewonceyou have co

53、nfidence. Just use this room for the time being,and well offer you a larger one as soon as it bees available. (三)till,until和not...until 1.肯定句:主句的謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞,主句、從句都為肯定式,意為“某動作一直延續(xù)到某時間點才停止”。,He remained there until/till she arrived. 他在那兒一直待到她來。 You may stay here until/till the rain stops. 你可以在這里待到雨停。

54、 2.否定句:主句的謂語動詞必須是非延續(xù)性動詞,從句為肯定式,意為“某動作直到某時間才開始”。 He wont go to bed till/until she returns. 直到她回來他才會去睡。 3.till不可以置于句首,而until可以。 Until you told me I had no idea of it. 直到你告訴我,我才知道此事。,4.not until...句型的強調(diào)和倒裝用法。 直到你告訴我,我才知道這件事。 It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.(強調(diào)句型) Not until you to

55、ld me did I have any idea of it.(not until置于句首,主句要部分倒裝) 題組訓練同義句轉換 I didnt leave until she came back. Not untilshe came backdid Ileave. It wasnot until she came backthatIleft. (四)before和since 1.若表達“還未就;不到就;才;還沒來得及,就”時,需用連詞before。 We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land. 我們航行了四天四夜才看

56、到陸地。 We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired. 我們跑了還不到一英里他就感到累了。 Before I could get in a word,he had measured me. 我還沒來得及插話,他就已經(jīng)給我量好了尺寸。 2.before從句中謂語不用否定式。 Before they reached the station,the train had gone. 他們到火車站前(他們還沒到火車站),火車就已開走了。 3.“It will be/was+一段時間+before...”常翻譯成:才;就。,It was half a year bef

57、ore I came back. 半年后我才回來。 It wont be long before we meet again. 過不了多長時間我們就會再見面了。 4.since從句的謂語動詞一般是非延續(xù)性動詞,主句的謂語動詞是延續(xù)性的或者是反復發(fā)生的動作。since從句的時態(tài)若是一般過去時,主句中的時態(tài)常是現(xiàn)在完成時或現(xiàn)在完成進行時。 I have written home four times since I came here. 自從我來到這兒,我已經(jīng)給家里寫過四封信了。 She has been working in this factory since she left school.

58、 她離開學校以后就一直在這個工廠工作。,5.在“It is+一段時間+since從句”句型中,since引導的從句的謂語動詞若是延續(xù)性動詞,常理解為某一狀態(tài)的終止;若是終止性動詞,則理解為某一動作的開始。 It is three years since the war broke out.(終止性動詞) 自戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)以來已有三年了。 It is three years since I smoked(=since I stopped smoking).(延續(xù)性動詞) 我不吸煙已有三年了。 如果譯成“我吸煙已有三年了”,應為:It is three years since I began to sm

59、oke.(終止性動詞),題組訓練英譯漢 It is three years since she was in our class. 她離開我們班已有三年了。 It is three years since he lived here. 他不在這兒住已有三年了。 單句填空 As is reported,it is 100 yearssincethe university was founded. Because of the heavy traffic,it was time for lunchwhen she got to her office. I have heard a lot of g

60、ood things about you since I came back from abroad.,(五)every time,each time,next time,the last time,any time等名詞短語用來引導時間狀語從句,表示“每當;每次;下次”等。 Every/Each time I was in trouble,he would e to help me out. 每當我處于困境,他就會來幫助我。 Next time you e,do remember to bring your son here. 下次你來這里的時候,一定記著把你兒子帶來。 The last t

61、ime she saw James,he was lying in bed. 上次她看見詹姆斯的時候,他正躺在床上。 二、地點狀語從句 引導地點狀語從句的從屬連詞where,wherever指具體地點時,從句可用于主句之前或之后;表示抽象條件的含義時,從句需放在主句之前。,We should go where the Party needs us most. 我們應到黨最需要我們的地方去。 You are free to go wherever you like.你愿意去哪里就去哪里。 Where there is a will,there is a way.有志者,事竟成。 Where th

62、ere is smoke,there is fire. 無火不生煙。/無風不起浪。 題組訓練單句填空 After the war,a new school building was put upwherethere had once been a theatre. I have kept the portraitwhereI can see it every day,as it always re minds me of my university days in London.,三、原因狀語從句 1.引導原因狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有:because,as,since,now that。每個連

63、詞的含義不盡相同。,I was absent from the meeting because I was ill. 因為我病了,所以我沒有參加會議。 As it is raining,we shall not go to the park. 由于在下雨,我們不去公園了。 Now that/Since everybody is here,lets begin our meeting. 既然大家都在這里,我們開始開會吧。 2.此外,when,seeing that,considering that也可以表示原因,意為:既然;考慮到。 It was foolish of you to take a

64、 taxi when you could walk there in five min-utes. 既然你在5分鐘之內(nèi)能步行到那里,卻坐出租車,真夠愚蠢的。,題組訓練單句填空 Now that my head had cleared,my brain was also beginning to work much better. 四、目的狀語從句 引導目的狀語從句的從屬連詞有:so that,in order that,in case等。 1.in order that,so that 兩個連詞都意為“以便;為了”,它們引導的狀語從句中常用情態(tài)動詞。in order that比so that正

65、式,引導的狀語從句可置于主句之前或之后,而so that引導的從句只能置于主句之后。 Ill speak slowly so that you can understand me. 我會慢慢說,以便你能明白我的意思。,In order that we might see the sunrise,we started for the peak early.為了能看到日出,我們很早就出發(fā)去了山頂。 2.for fear that與in case 引導目的狀語從句時,for fear that表示“唯恐,以免”某事會發(fā)生;in case表示“以防(萬一)”出現(xiàn)某種情況。 Mary didnt wan

66、t to get out of bed for fear that she might wake her baby(up).瑪麗不想起床,生怕吵醒她的寶寶。 Take your raincoat in case it rains.帶上雨衣以防下雨。 題組訓練單句填空 I took my driving license with me on holiday, in case I wanted to hire a car. She finally ran away for fear that her parents would scold her.,五、結果狀語從句 1.引導結果狀語從句的從屬連詞有:so that,so...that...,such...that...。在非正式語體中,由so...that...,such...that...引導的從句中的that可以省略,注意其結構: Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe in him.,=Mike is so honest a worker that we all beli