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111 Unit 2 The Olympic Games 核心單詞 1. compete vi.比賽；競爭 聯(lián)想拓展 compete with 與……競爭 compete for 競爭以獲得…… compete with/against sb. for sth. 為得到某物與某人競爭 compete in (a game, a match) 參加；在……方面競爭 be in competition with sb.和某人競爭 competition n.比賽；競爭 competitor n.比賽者;競爭者 competitive adj.競爭的;有競爭力的 易混辨析 compete/contest compete 表示“為了爭得名次、獎(jiǎng)金，合同等”，并不含有將對手征服的意思。 contest 所表示的競賽可以是友誼賽，也可以是有敵意的競賽，旨在比試技能、能力、力氣、耐力等，此外還可以表示贏得選舉。 He believed that nobody could compete with/against him. 他認(rèn)為沒有人能和他競爭。 More than 1,000 competitors took part in the competition to compete for the first prize. 1 000多名選手參加了爭奪一等獎(jiǎng)的比賽。 He has now competed in two Olympics. 他已經(jīng)參加過兩屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)了。 高手過招 (1)單項(xiàng)填空 Our athletes will some games, such as running and wrestling. They have the hope to get some gold medals. （2009·12·江西南昌一中檢測） A. compete B. compete in C. Join D. attend (2)用方框內(nèi)所給短語的適當(dāng)形式填空 （原創(chuàng)） compete with/compete against/compete for/compete in ①It’s difficult for small markets to big ones. ②Will you the 100-metre race? ③The two athletes will the gold medal. 解析： (1) 選B。compete的意思是“競技；比賽”，后面跟賓語時(shí)，用compete in表示“參加”；attend僅有“參加某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)”的意思；表示參加活動(dòng)也可以用join in。 (2)①compete with/against ②compete in ③compete for 2. admit vt.&vi.準(zhǔn)許進(jìn)入；容許；接納(常用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu));承認(rèn) 聯(lián)想拓展 be admitted as ... 被接受為…… be admitted (to/into) 被準(zhǔn)許進(jìn)入…… admit (to) sth./doing 承認(rèn)某事/做過某事 admit that 承認(rèn)…… admit sb./sth. to be 承認(rèn)……是 It is/was admitted that普遍認(rèn)為…… He was admitted as a member of the basketball team. 他被接受成為籃球隊(duì)的一名隊(duì)員。 Only 200 children were admitted to/into the school every year. 那時(shí)每年只有200名兒童獲準(zhǔn)入學(xué)。 Will you admit having broken the window? 你承不承認(rèn)你打破了窗戶？ They freely admit that they still have a lot to learn. 他們坦率承認(rèn)，他們要學(xué)的東西還很多。 He admitted his words to be mistaken. 他承認(rèn)自己的話錯(cuò)了。 高手過招 (1)單項(xiàng)填空 Little Tom admitted in the examination, that he wouldn’t do that in future. （2009·12·山東東營模塊檢測） A. to cheat; to promises B. cheating; promised C. having cheated; promising D. to have cheated; promised (2)完成句子 （原創(chuàng)） ①他供認(rèn)駕駛了這輛沒有保險(xiǎn)的車。 He the car without insurance. ②幸運(yùn)的是，去年他被一所名牌大學(xué)錄取了。 Luckily, he a key university last year. 解析：(1) 選C。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)詞admit后常接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，即:admit doing 或admit having done，意為“承認(rèn)做過某事”，據(jù)此排除A、D兩項(xiàng)。句意為：小湯姆承認(rèn)在考試中作弊了，并保證今后不再這樣做。由于第二個(gè)空白處前面沒有連詞and,因此admit與promise不是兩個(gè)并列的謂語動(dòng)詞，用promised形式是錯(cuò)誤的， 而要用promising作伴隨狀語，故答案為C項(xiàng)。 (2)①admitted driving ②was admitted to/into 3. replace vt. 代替；取代；替換 常用結(jié)構(gòu)： replace sth. 代替；取代…… replace sb. as 取代某人而成為 replace sb./sth. with/by 用……替換，以……接替 Teachers will never be replaced by computers in the classroom. 課堂上電腦永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)取代老師。 She replaced her husband as the local teacher. 她取代丈夫成了當(dāng)?shù)氐睦蠋煛? I replaced the worn-out tools with/by new ones. 我用新工具來替換那些磨損不堪的舊工具。 聯(lián)想拓展 in place在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢? out of place在不適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢? in one’s place=in the place of代替 take the place of=replace代替；替代 take place發(fā)生；舉行 take one’s place就位，就座 instead of代替；而不是（介詞短語） With everything in place, she started lessons. 一切就緒，她開始講課 高手過招 單項(xiàng)填空 Bob is ill today. Who can him in our football match? （2009·12·福建廈門檢測） A. Replace B. take place C. instead of D. in the place of 解析：選A。根據(jù)句意此處有代替之意并且需要?jiǎng)釉~作謂語，replace=take the place of。instead of是介詞短語，不能作謂語。 4. marry v. (和某人)結(jié)婚；嫁；娶；把……嫁給…… 常用結(jié)構(gòu)： marry sb. 娶某人，嫁給某人（marry后不加介詞） marry sb. to sb. 把某人嫁給某人 marry well 嫁個(gè)有錢人 She married a rich man. 她嫁給了一個(gè)有錢人。 He married both his daughters to rich businessmen. 他把兩個(gè)女兒都嫁給了富商。 聯(lián)想拓展 marriage n. 結(jié)婚；婚姻 married adj. 已婚的 get/be married (to sb.) （與某人）結(jié)婚 易混辨析 marry/get married/be married marry與get married強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，不能與表示時(shí)間段的狀語連用; be married強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)，可以與表示時(shí)間段的狀語連用。 可以說She married/got married two years ago. 或She has been married for two years. 或It’s two years since she married/got married. 但不可以說She has married/has got married for two years. 答案：①去掉to ②got→have been或for ten years→ten years ago 5. promise vt. 允諾，答應(yīng) vi.有希望；承諾；答應(yīng) n. 諾言，承諾；跡象，征兆 常用結(jié)構(gòu)： promise sth. 答應(yīng)某事 promise sb. sth./promise sth. to sb. 答應(yīng)給某人某物 promise (sb.)to do sth. 答應(yīng)（某人）做什么事 promise (sb.) that ... 答應(yīng)（某人）…… keep/carry out one’s promise 信守諾言 break/go back on one’s promise 違背諾言 make/give a promise 許諾/答應(yīng) Promise (me) never to be late again. 答應(yīng)（我）決不再遲到。 She promised her mother that she would come back. 她答應(yīng)媽媽會(huì)回來。 He made a promise to come back. 他答應(yīng)回來了。 This year promises to be another good one for harvest. 今年看來又是個(gè)豐收年。 聯(lián)想拓展 promising adj. 有希望的；有前途的 高手過招 單項(xiàng)填空 The girl to be a good dancer if she is well trained in an art school. （2009·11·福建廈門檢測） A. expects B. allows C. Wishes D. Promises 解析：選D。由句意可知，此處為“女孩有希望成為優(yōu)秀的舞者”，只有promise有“有希望”之意。 6. charge n. 費(fèi)用；指控，指責(zé)；主管；掌管 v. 指控；收費(fèi)；要價(jià)；承擔(dān)責(zé)任；掌管；充電；控訴 All goods are delivered free of charge. 一切物品免費(fèi)送貨。 She rejected the charge that the story was untrue. 她否認(rèn)了她編造事實(shí)的指控。 He took charge of the farm after his father’s death. 父親去世后，他掌管農(nóng)場。 The committee has been charged with the development of sport. 委員會(huì)已經(jīng)承擔(dān)了體育運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)展的責(zé)任。 What did he charge for the repairs? 他們收了多少修理費(fèi)？ Before use, the battery must be charged. 使用前，電池必須充電。 He was charged with murder. 他被指控犯有謀殺罪。 常用結(jié)構(gòu)： at no extra charge 無需額外付費(fèi) be charged with 被控告犯……罪 in/under the charge of 在某人照看（掌管）下 in charge of 處于控制或支配 （某人/某事物）的地位 free of charge 免費(fèi) charge sb. money for (doing) sth. 為做某事向某人收取費(fèi)用 take charge 負(fù)責(zé)；控制局面 高手過招 (1)單項(xiàng)填空 He told me that the factory was his brother. （2009·12·河北石家莊檢測） A. in charge of B. in charge for C. in the charge of D. in the charge for (2)翻譯句子 （原創(chuàng)） ①這些病人由威爾遜醫(yī)生治療。 ②這兒由誰負(fù)責(zé)? 解析：(1) 選C。 in the charge of意思是“在……掌管之下”，而in charge of 意思是“負(fù)責(zé)，掌管”。如: Who is in charge of the factory? (2)①These patients are under the charge of Dr Wilson. ②Who’s in charge here? 7. bargain n. 協(xié)議；廉價(jià)物 v.（與某人）討價(jià)還價(jià); 洽談成交條件；談判；講條件 If you promote our goods, we will give you a good discount as our part of the bargain. 若你方經(jīng)銷我們的貨物, 我方愿給予你相當(dāng)大的優(yōu)惠作為回報(bào)。 It’s a bargain.這可是便宜貨。 Never pay the advertised price for a car; always try to bargain. 千萬不要照牌價(jià)購買汽車, 總得講講價(jià)才是。 常用結(jié)構(gòu)： make a bargain with sb. about/over/for sth. 就某事與某人達(dá)成協(xié)議 bargain with sb. about/over/for sth. 就某事與某人討價(jià)還價(jià) a good/bad bargain 一筆劃算/不劃算的交易 高手過招 (1)單項(xiàng)填空 The coat is really a good at such a low price. （2009·12·江西師大附中檢測） A. Matter B. pattern C. seller D. bargain (2)翻譯句子 （原創(chuàng)） ①你做了一筆很劃算的交易。 ②工會(huì)為縮短工作周而（與管理部門）討價(jià)還價(jià)。 解析：(1) 選D。考查詞義辨析。從句中的“at such a low price”可以判斷出前面要說的是“衣服很便宜”。英語中表示某東西買得便宜時(shí)可用 a good bargain這一固定搭配。 (2)①You’ve got a good bargain. ②The Unions bargained (with management) for a shorter working week. 8. deserve vt.&vi.應(yīng)受(報(bào)答或懲罰); 值得 The article deserves careful study. 這篇文章值得仔細(xì)研究。 They deserve to be sent to prison.他們應(yīng)該入獄。 聯(lián)想拓展 deserve doing=deserve to be done=be worth doing值得做 The thief deserves punishing. =The thief deserves punishment. =The thief deserves to be punished. 這個(gè)小偷理所當(dāng)然會(huì)受到懲罰。 高手過招 翻譯句子 （原創(chuàng)） ①她積極努力, 應(yīng)該得到獎(jiǎng)賞。 ②如果你做錯(cuò)事，就應(yīng)該受到懲罰。 答案：①She deserves a reward for her efforts. ②If you do something wrong, you deserve punishing/to be punished/punishment. 重點(diǎn)短語 9. one after another/the other 一個(gè)接一個(gè)地；陸續(xù)地 Please line up one after another. 請按順序排隊(duì)。 We achieved one victory after another. 我們?nèi)〉昧艘粋€(gè)又一個(gè)的勝利。 聯(lián)想拓展 one by one 逐個(gè)地；逐一地 one another/each other 相互 高手過招 翻譯句子 ①他把所有的書都并列擺放起來。 ②賬單紛至沓來。 答案：①He put all the books beside each other/one another. ②The bills kept coming in one after another. 10. stand for (指縮寫或符號(hào))代表；象征；支持；主張 What does EU stand for?EU代表什么？ Which group do you stand for?你支持哪一組？ 聯(lián)想拓展 stand by 袖手旁觀；無動(dòng)于衷 stand by sb. 支持；幫助；站在……一邊 stand out(from／as) 顯眼；突出 stand up 站起；站立；起立 高手過招 (1)單項(xiàng)填空 I don’t know what the signal “X” on the road. Could you tell me? （2009·12·江西信豐中學(xué)檢測） A. Stands B. refers to C. means D. stands for (2)完成句子 （原創(chuàng)） ①The letters UN （代表） United Nations. ②Don’t just （袖手旁觀）. You can do something to help. ③The letters （突出；顯眼） well against the dark background. (1)解析：選D。mean, refer to都有“代表”的意思，但是stand for一般是指“符號(hào)、手勢、記號(hào)等”所代表的意義，而refer to指某個(gè)意思的對象；mean表達(dá)前面的語言的意義。如 “To give up doing something” means “ to stop doing something”.(放棄做某事也就是停止做某事。)“It” can be used to refer to a baby. (“It”可以用來指一個(gè)嬰兒。) “V” is often used to stand for victory. (“V”可以用來表示勝利。) (2)①stand for ②stand by ③stand out 11. as well 意為“也，又，而且”，意思等同于too，also，但as well只能置于句末。 聯(lián)想拓展 as well as意為“不僅……而且……，既……又……；除了……之外，還有……；和……一樣好”。 as well as作介詞用時(shí)，意思等同于besides,意為“除……之外”，后跟動(dòng)詞時(shí)通常用v.-ing形式。 as well as連接主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于as well as前面主語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。 may/might as well do意為“不妨……；還是……好”。 Are you coming as well? =Are you coming, too? =Are you also coming?你也來嗎？ They sell books as well as newspapers. 他們既賣報(bào)紙也賣書。 She cooks as well as her mother. 她做菜跟她媽媽做得一樣好。 His wife as well as his children was invited to the party. 不僅他的孩子，連同他妻子也被邀請參加那次聚會(huì)。 We may/might as well ask him for some advice. 我們不妨向他征求一些建議。 高手過招 單項(xiàng)填空 ①Jack plays football , if not better than David. A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as ②E-mail, as well as telephones, an important part in daily communication. A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play 解析： ①選B。as well as意為“和……一樣好”?！癷f not+better than”是一個(gè)插入語，去掉后，句子是Jack plays football as well as David。 ②選A。當(dāng)as well as連接主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于前面的主語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。 12. every four years 每四年；每隔三年 聯(lián)想拓展 every與基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞、other或few連用，表示時(shí)間或空間的間隔，意為“每……；每隔……”。 every+基數(shù)詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞 every+序數(shù)詞+單數(shù)名詞 every+other+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 every few+復(fù)數(shù)名詞 every four days 每隔三天 every third day 每三天 He comes to see his parents every three days. 他每三天來看望父母一次。 高手過招 單項(xiàng)填空 “Where are we now?” few minutes one of the children asked Miss Cornwall the same question. （2009·12·山東濟(jì)南模塊檢測） A. Every B. Each C. Another D. A 解析：選A。every few minutes 每幾分鐘，符合句意。 13. take part in 參加，參與 The students take part in all kinds of activities after class. 學(xué)生們課后參加各種活動(dòng)。 易混辨析 take part in/join in/join/attend take part in指參加有組織的重大的活動(dòng)。 I took part in the game. 我參加了比賽。 join in指參加正在進(jìn)行著的活動(dòng)或游戲等，有時(shí)可與take part in換用。 Please come over and join in our game. 請過來參加我們的游戲。 join指參加團(tuán)體或組織，成為其中的一員，也可用于join sb. in sth./doing sth.結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“和某人一起做某事”。 Many of them joined the army. 他們很多人都參軍了。 attend相當(dāng)于be present at，多指出席，參加會(huì)議，講座等。 He decided to attend the meeting himself. 他決定自己去參加會(huì)議。 高手過招 選詞填空(join/join in/take part in/attend) ①—How many countries the Olympic Games in Athens? —202. ②The famous professor will come to give us a lecture. Will you go to it? ③His brother the army three years ago. ④May I your game? 答案： ①took part in ②attend ③joined ④join in 重點(diǎn)句型 14. I lived in what you call “Ancient Greece” and I used to write about the Olympic Games a long time ago. 我生活在你們所說的“古希臘”，我曾經(jīng)寫過很久以前的奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)的情況。 what 引導(dǎo)賓語從句，并在從句中作call的賓語，“Ancient Greece”作賓補(bǔ)。what相當(dāng)于the place that，因此what不能改為that，也不能改為where，因?yàn)閣here 只能作狀語。 used to do過去常常（做）……；曾經(jīng)…… 易混辨析 used to do/be used to do/be used to doing used to do sth. (would do) 過去經(jīng)常做某事 be used to do 被用來做……(被動(dòng)語態(tài)) be/get/become used to sth./doing =be/get/become accustomed to sth./doing 習(xí)慣于 My father used to smoke a lot. 我父親過去煙抽得很厲害。（暗含“現(xiàn)在不抽了或抽得少了”的意思） I used to live in the countryside with my grandmother. 我曾經(jīng)和祖母在農(nóng)村生活過。 Wood can be used to make paper. 木頭可以用來造紙。 I’m still not used to getting up early. 我仍然不習(xí)慣早起。 高手過招 單項(xiàng)填空 ①Water electricity widely all over the world. （2009·12·陜西咸陽檢測） A. is used to produce B. is used to producing C. used to produce D. used to producing ②There many people in the office, but now nobody is allowed. （2009·12·江蘇如東檢測） A. used to be; smoking B. used to have; smoking C. used to be; smoke D. used to have; smoke 解析： ①選A。be used to do意為“被用來做某事”，符合句意。 ②選A。第一空there used to be意為“過去曾經(jīng)有”；第二空smoking作前面many people的后置定語。句意為：過去很多人在辦公室里吸煙，但現(xiàn)在誰也不允許這樣做了。 15. No other countries could join in, nor could slaves or women! 其他國家都不能參加，奴隸和婦女也不能參加! 句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：nor/neither+系動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語。此句型是一個(gè)倒裝句，意為“……也不”，用于否定陳述句之后，說明后者的情況與前者相同。 聯(lián)想拓展 用“so+助動(dòng)詞+主語”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示肯定陳述句之后說明后者情況與前者相同，so it is with sb./It is the same with sb. 某人也是這樣。so it is with sb./It is the same with sb.結(jié)構(gòu)陳述兩種或兩種以上的情況，既可用于肯定，也可用于否定。 “否定詞+助動(dòng)詞+主語”是常用的倒裝句式，常用詞：not, never, no, nowhere, neither, nor, hardly, seldom, little, rarely。 If you won’t go, neither/nor will I. 如果你不去，我也不去。 He don’t know about it. Nor do I. 他不了解這件事，我也不了解。 He never went again, and nor did he write to apologize. 他再也沒去過，也沒有寫信道歉。 He disliked the film, and so did I.他不喜歡這部電影，我也是。 高手過招 單項(xiàng)填空 ①—I don’t think I can walk any farther! — . Let’s stop here for a rest. （2009·12·江蘇鹽城檢測） A. Neither am I B. Neither can I C. I don’t think so D. I think so ②—He has made great progress recently. — and . （2009·12·江蘇南通檢測） A. So he has; so you have B. So he has; so have you C. So has he; so have you D. So has he; so you have 解析： ①選B。根據(jù)最后一句“我們停下來休息一下吧”可知，回答者也不能再走了，因此用Neither can I。 ②選B。第一空表示對說話者的同意和贊成，意為“他的確如此”，第二空表示“你也一樣”。 16. Women are not only allowed, but play a very important role in gymnastics, athletics, team sports and ... 婦女不僅被允許參加，而且她們還在體操、競技和團(tuán)隊(duì)等比賽項(xiàng)目中起著非常重要的作用…… not only ...but (also) ... 意為“不僅……而且……”。當(dāng)此結(jié)構(gòu)連接兩個(gè)并列主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)要和鄰近的主語保持一致。若not only置于句首，其所在的分句需要采用部分倒裝。 He not only said it, but also did it. 他不但說到了，而且也做到了。 Not only you but also he is responsible for it. 不僅你而且他也要為此事負(fù)責(zé)任。 Not only does he work hard, but also he is very clever. 他不但學(xué)習(xí)刻苦，而且很聰明。 高手過招 單項(xiàng)填空 ①Not only English，but also he learns it well. （2009·12·陜西寶雞檢測） A. he likes B. does he like C. likes he D. he does like ②—I would never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible. — . （2009·12·浙江杭州檢測） A. Nor am I B. Neither would I C. Same with me. D. So do I ①解析：選B。not only連接除主語以外的成分時(shí)，如果位于句首，該句用部分倒裝。故選B。 ②解析：選B。第二句句意為：我也不來了。故用Neither would I。 111