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111 Module 3 Adventure in Literature and the Cinema Grammar 非謂語動詞講解 一． 非謂語動詞分為三類： v分詞， 包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞 v現(xiàn)在分詞--interesting surprising v過去分詞--interested surprised v動名詞-- running waiting v動詞不定式 --to run to wait v他們具有名詞和形容詞的某些特征，因而可以做主語，表語，賓語，定語和狀語。 二．要注意動名詞和不定式作賓語時的區(qū)別： v動名詞和不定式都可以作動詞的賓語，要注意哪些動詞要求用不定式做賓語，哪些動詞則要求用動名詞作賓語。 非謂語動詞---動詞不定式 v要求用不定式作賓語的動詞是： vwant, wish, like, decide, help, begin, forget, learn, ask afford, agree, ask, attempt, begin, demand, desire, dislike, expect, hate, hope, learn, decide, seem, intend, try, refuse, manage, order, fail, choose, forget, mean, pretend, promise, seek, struggle,, venture, wait, 等等； 非謂語動詞---動詞不定式 vHe managed to pass the exam. He persuaded me to accept the invitation. He promised to be here at nine. I didn’t expect to see you here. 在某些復(fù)合賓語中，常先用it代表不定式，而把不定式放到后面去。例如： He considered it better to leave now. I found it impossible to finish the work on time. 非謂語動詞---動詞不定式 v由only, last, next 序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾的名詞常用不定式做定語; 不定式還可用作名詞或代詞的的賓語 vShe is always the first student to arrive at school. vHe is always the last one to leave the office. vI don’t think he is the best man to do the job. vI have no desire to travel. vYou’ll find something to interest you here. vThere is no need to bother him with such trifles. 非謂語動詞---動詞不定式 v不帶to 的動詞不定式 v在有些使役動詞及感官動詞后可用省略to的動詞不定式，如let, make, have, hear, see, feel, smell, hear, watch等。例如： vThe teacher makes me rewrite the composition. vI heard her say that she was fed up. 非謂語動詞----動名詞 v動名詞是由動詞原形 + ing構(gòu)成，在句中可作賓語、表語、同位語等。 v要求用動名詞做賓語的動詞是： vmind, enjoy, miss, imagine, finish, suggest, risk, advise, deny, practise, require admit, acknowledge, appreciate, avoid can’t help, consider, dislike, excuse, favor, finish, give up,? keep on, miss, postpone, put off, stop, look forward to,? object to, be accustomed to, be used to doing, succeed in, look like, feel like, insist on, stick to,? persist in, 等等。 非謂語動詞----動名詞 v例如： Some people do not enjoy smoking. Because of the bad weather, we postpone holding the meeting. 非謂語動詞----動名詞 v某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)（動名詞特殊用法） v(1)There is no + v-ing “…是不可能的”。例如： vThere is no knowing how old she is. v(= I t is impossible to know how old she is.) vThere is no telling where she’s gone. v(= It is impossible / difficult to know where she’s gone.) v(2)make a point of + doing “認(rèn)為…是必要的”。例如： vOur family make a point of going to church every Sunday. v(= Our family make it a rule to go to church every Sunday.) v(3)be on the point / verge/ brink of + doing “瀕臨，將要…”。例如： vHe was on the point of leaving. v(4)on (upon) + doing “一…就…”。例如： vOn hearing the news, I changed my plans. v(= As soon as I heard the news, I changed my plans.) v(5)it is no use / good + doing “…是沒有用的”，there is no point in doing sth “…是沒必要的”。例如： vIt is no use trying to persuade him. (= It is of no use to try to persuade him.) vThere is no point in telling her this news. (= It is not necessary to tell her the news.) v(6)go + doing (大部分指運(yùn)動和游戲)。例如： vHe went shopping / hiking / swimming / fishing etc. v(7)動名詞短語常用在以下結(jié)構(gòu)中： vhave difficulty (in) + doing sth vhave trouble (in) + doing sth vhave fun (in) + doing sth vhave a good time (in) + doing sth vhave a hard time (in) + doing sth v例1：We have great difficulty (in) solving the problem. v例2：They had problem getting there. 非謂語動詞 v在學(xué)習(xí)和使用非謂語動詞時需要注意以下幾點(diǎn)： v要注意現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作狀語時的不同：現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動，過去分詞表示被動。試比較： vWhen living abroad, he wrote many letters to his family and friends. vWhen heated, the ice will change into water. v要注意不定式和分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的不同： v在感官動詞（see, watch, hear, feel, notice等）后既可用不帶to 的不定式做賓語補(bǔ)語，也可用現(xiàn)在分詞做賓補(bǔ)。兩者中間有時是有差別的。用現(xiàn)在分詞時，表示動作正在發(fā)生，用不定式時，表示動作發(fā)生了，即動作全部結(jié)束了。例如： v A: Do you hear someone knocking at the door? v B: Yes, I did. I heard him knock three times. v不定式和分詞作定語時的區(qū)別，不定式作定語時，不定式和所修飾的名詞在意義上有動賓關(guān)系，因此，如果不定式是不及物動詞，后面就應(yīng)有必要的介詞。如果是分詞作定語, 則被修飾的名詞和分詞之間有主謂關(guān)系。例如： vGive me a piece of paper to write on. vAll of us look forward to the coming holiday. 非謂語動詞 v. 動名詞和不定式做主語和表語時的區(qū)別。一般來說，在表示比較抽象的一般的行為時，多用動名詞， 表示具體某次動作，特別是將來的動作時，多用不定式。例如： vReading without thorough comprehension is no good. vIt is quite necessary to read it many times. 1。We let the raft sail down the river. 2. He agreed to go. 3. I don’t want to board a sinking ship. 4. The frightened man started crying. 5. We heard the two men shouting. 111