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111 模塊五 Unit 3 Science versus nature 【考點(diǎn)透視】 I 重點(diǎn)短語 in favor of the proposal / in favor of free trade / in favour of doing sth. in favor of sb. = in one’s favor 1. favor in favor with sb. do sb. a favor = do a favor for sb. do sb. the favor to do sth. ask sb. a favor = ask a favor of sb. point out sth. vi. point out that ….. point at point to 2. point a point of view take one’s point. n. to the point at the point of on the point of 3. interfere： interfere in / with sb. / one’s affairs … praise sb. for sth. vt. 類似詞：punish / reward / scold sb. for (doing) sth. 4. praise praise sb. highly a praise of sb. / sth. n. in praise of sing high praise for…… the intention to do sth. / of doing uc. without intention / by intention 5. intention by intention / with good intention vt. intend: intend to do sth. / intend sb. to do sth. / intend sth. for … = sth. be intended for … / intend sth. to do / be / as … adopted a new method. 6. adopt adopt sb. as sb. / an adopted son / an adoptive father be adopted from …. n.：adoption construct a building / a bridge over the river. 7. construct construct a theory a well-constructed novel n.：construction：sth. be under construction put an end to sth. = bring sth to an end = sth. come to an end n. make ends meet in the end / at the end of … 8. end end sth. v. end up as chairman / end up in prison. ends up doing sth. end in = result in；end (up) with n. do figures / be good at figures； a public figure； have a good figure figure sth. 9. figure v. I figure that …. figure out involve sb. in / with sth. 10. involve an involved problem / be involved in (with) sth. n. involvement vt. Sth. cost sb. money / time. 11. cost Sth. cost sb. sth n. reduce the cost； at the cost of…； at all costs / any cost urge sb. to do sth. vt. urge sth. on / upon sb. urge that… 12. urge n.：an / the urge to do sth. n.：urgency：a matter of urgency / in time of urgency adj.：urgent： an urgent call rather than：= instead of 13. other than = except or rather = to be more exact II 重點(diǎn)句型 1. On the one hand, some scientists point out that if …. On the other hand, many people …. 2. While cloning human embryos is illegal in many countries, …. 3. On a personal note, cloning would totally change my life. 4. Most of the time it turns out that humans are not really profiting when ….. 【題例精析】 【例1】 Jack almost fell off the cliff, but managed to _____ until help came. A. keep on B. catch on C. count on D. hang on 【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)悟】區(qū)分動(dòng)詞短語。 【要點(diǎn)精析】hang on (=hold fast, keep hold)牢牢抓住，抓緊不放：Help! I can't hang on much longer.(救命??！我支持不住啦。)keep on(doing sth.)繼續(xù)（做……）；catch on 理解；count on 指望，依賴。 【答案】D 【例2】It was _____ by the railway board that the cost of rail fares would be increased by ten percent. A. noticed B. stated C. suggested D. noted 【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)悟】辨析近義詞。 【要點(diǎn)精析】state此處意為“（=make sth. know, announce）宣布，通告，聲明（口頭的或書面的）”。如：It is stated that all the accident were killed.(據(jù)宣布，事故中全部人員無一幸免。)suggest建議，是表示欲望意義的動(dòng)詞，從句中要用虛擬語氣（should +動(dòng)詞原形）。Note(=notice)“注意到”，如：It was noted that the temperature rose during this time. 【答案】B 【單元檢測】 單項(xiàng)填空 1. The Internet has brought ________ big changes in the way we work.. A. about? B. out C. back? D. up 2. — How about eight o’clock outside the cinema?? ? — That ________ me fine.? A. fits? B. meets C. satisfies? D. suits 3. Mr. White ________ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t show up. A. should have arrived? B. should arrive? C. should have had arrived? D. should be arriving 4. — I would never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible! ? — _________. ? A. Nor am I? B. Neither would I C. Same with me? D. So do I 5. I do every single bit of housework ________ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then. A.??since? B. while C. when? D. as 6. I’m going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything ________ ? ? A. to be buying? B. to buy C. for buying?? D. bought 7. — David has made great progress recently. ? — _______ and ________. A.??So he has; so you have???? B. So he has; so have you? C. So has he; so have you????? D. So has he; so you have 8. __________, she could hardly have any time to play with her little daughter. A. Busy as she was B. As was she busy C. was busy she D. As she was busy 9. No matter how much money you have, it can’t ________ a healthy body. A.??match? B. fit C. defeat? D. compare 10. It’s important for us to employ a word or a phrase according to the _______ in language studies. A.?situation? B. expression C. condition? D. translation 11. If you _______ finished, I’ll start clearing up. A. more or less have? B. more and less have C. have more or less? D. have more and less 12. — Jack, how did it _______ that you made so many mistakes in your homework? ?? — I myself haven’t figured it out yet! A.?bring about? B. come about C. occur to? D. get down 13. She looks sad. Could you please tell me _______ that prevents her from being as happy as before? A.?it is what? B. it is how? C. what it is? D. how it is 14. — Have you forgotten ____ a ruler from Wang Ling? ?? — Oh, yes. But I’ll remember____ it to her tomorrow. A.?borrowing; to return? B. borrowing; returning? C. to borrow; to return? D. to borrow; returning 15. — You have promised to go, then why haven’t you got ready?? ?? — I ____ you want to go at once.? A. haven’t realized? B. didn’t realize C. don’t realize? D. won’t realize 完形填空 If you were to begin a new job tomorrow, you would bring with you some basic strengths and weaknesses. Success or 16 in your work would depend, to 17 great extent, 18 your ability to use your strengths and weaknesses to the best advantage. _19 the utmost importance is your attitude. A person _20 begins a job convinced that he isn’t going to like it or is _21 that he is going to ail is exhibiting a weakness which can only hinder his success. On the other hand, a person who is secure _22_ his belief that he is probably as capable _23 doing the work as anyone else and who is willing to make a cheerful attempt _24 it possesses a certain strength of purpose. The chances are that he will do well. _25 the prerequisite skills for a particular job is strength. Lacking those skills is obviously a weakness. A bookkeeper who can’t add or a carpenter who can’t cut a straight line with a saw _26 hopeless cases. This book has been designed to help you capitalize _27 the strength and overcome the _28 that you bring to the job of learning. But in groups to measure your development, you must first _29 stock of somewhere you stand now. _30 we get further along in the book, we’ll be _31 in some detail with specific processes for developing and strengthening _32 skills. However, _33 begin with, you should pause _34 examine your present strengths and weaknesses in three areas that are critical to your success or failure in school: your _35 , your reading and communication skills, and your study habits. 16. A. improvement B. victory C. failure D. achievement 17. A. a B. the C. some D. certain 18. A. in B. on C. of D. to 19. A. Out of B. Of C. To D. Into 20. A. who B. what C. that D. which 21. A. ensure B. certain C. sure D. surely 22. A. onto B. on C. off D. in 23. A. to B. at C. of D. for 24. A. near B. on C. by D. at 25. A. Have B. Had C. Having D. Had been 26. A. being B. been C. are D. is 27. A. except B. but C. for D. on 28. A. idea B. weakness C. strength D. advantage 29. A. make B. take C. do D. give 30. A. as B. till C. over D. out 31. A. deal B. dealt C. be dealt D. dealing 32. A. learnt B. learned C. learning D. learn 33. A. around B. to C. from D. beside 34. A. to B. onto C. into D. with 35. A. intelligence B. work C. attitude D. weakness 閱讀理解 (A) Have you ever lied to your parents that you came back late from school because you stayed to finish some homework when actually you went to play computer games or have fun with your friends? If students in Taiyuan Yuying High School in Shanxi Province lied in the past, they will not be able to do so in the future. A smart card, Electronic Identity Card, will be introduced this week at the school. The card, which contains a tiny chip, includes a student’s name, photo and their student number on the face of the card . With this ID, parents will know exactly when their kids arrive and leave the school via(通過) a mobile phone message or an email. “There’s a card reader equipped in each classroom. The system will send the information to students’ parents if they have applied for this service,” explained Kang Jinfeng, a technician in the school. The school hopes the card will make the students safer and better organized. “The environment around the campus has become busier with lots of things to distract (使分心) students. Some students go to the Internet cafes nearby instead of going home immediately after school. Also, many parents worry about their children’s safety on the way home as there have been lots of student accidents recently,” said Fu Hongyan, headmaster of the school. Parents and students are eager to see how the new smart card works, for the school is the first one in the province to start the program. “Although I hope my child can manage his time well, this card will help me know more about him,” said Wang Liping, a Senior 3 student’s mother. Apart from information on attendance (出勤), parents will also be informed of their children’s performance, homework comments and examination results. Although parents welcome the move, some students think it will affect their freedom and privacy. “It seems that I am being watched over everywhere and every second. I used to play basketball after school, but now I may have to explain to my parents every day why I get home late. I want to be more independent to deal with my own things,” said Liu Jida, a Senior 3 student . “I would rather that my parents did not know my bad exam results, but the card will tell them everything about my studies,” complained Zhang Xu, a 17-year-old boy. 36. If the parents ______, they can use the information in the card reader. A. have a mobile B. have a computer C. have a TV set D. have applied for the service 37. The school will use Electronic Identify card for the sake of ________. A. money B. the safety of the school C. the management of the school D. the safety of the students and better organization 38. According to the article , _______ don’t like the new ID. A. the leaders of the school B. the teachers of the school C. the parents of the students D. some students 39. We can conclude from the text that there will be ________ students going to the Internet cafes nearby after school . A. more B. fewer C. no D. many (B) Why you may wonder, should spiders be our friends? Because they destroy so many insects, including some of the greatest enemies of the human race. Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they would devour (吞食) all our crops and kill our cattle, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals. We owe a lot to the birds and beast who eat insects, but all of them put together kill only a very small amount of the number destroyed by spiders. Moreover, unlike some of the insect eaters, spiders never do the least harm to us or our belongings. Spiders are not insects, as many people think, nor even nearly related to them. One can tell the difference almost at a glance, for a spider always has eight legs and an insect never more than six. How many spiders are engaged in the work on our behalf (利益)? One authority（權(quán)威人士）on spiders made a research on spiders and found that there were more than 2,250,000 in one acre (英畝); that is something like 6,000,000 spiders of different kinds on a football field. Spiders are busy for at least half the year in killing insects. It is impossible to make more than the wildest guess at how many they kill, but they are hungry creatures, not content with only three meals a day. It has been estimated that the weight of all the insects destroyed by the spiders in Britain in one year would be greater than the total weight of all human beings in the country. 40. Spiders should be our friends, because __________. A. they only eat harmful insects B. they are great insect-eating animals C. they destroy large numbers of insects which do harm to the human race D. their harmfulness is the least 41. One authority on spiders estimated ________. A. that there were more than 2,250,000 insects in a grass field in the south of England B. that every football field in England had 6,000,000 spiders. C. the quantity of different spiders in England was very big D. that there were 6,000,000 kinds of spiders on a football field 42. What does the underlined word “content ” mean in the article? It means ________. A. fed B. supplied C. disappointed D. satisfied 43. Which one of the following statements is the main idea? A. Spiders, the greatest insects-eating animals, protect us from being destroyed by harmful insects and they should be our friends B. Spiders are not insects but in fact animals. C. There are great numbers of spiders engaged in destroying harmful insects on behalf of the human race. D. The weight of the insects eaten by spiders in one year is greater than the weight of all people in England 對話填空 Z: I suppose the class size is bigger? M: That’s for sure, but the students in China are well (44) b_______ and listen carefully, so it’s not a problem. The biggest thing is (45) t_____ the teachers have a different approach in China — here the classes are a mixture of (46) b______ “students-centred learning” and the more traditional “teacher-centred learning”. Z: In what (47) w______? M: Well, some of my lessons are like in America: Mr. Dong asks a question or gives us a problem, then we talk about it and (48) t________ to discover an answer ourselves… Z: Mm, that’s student-centred learning, (49) r_________? M: Yeah, and other lessons are quite different; more. Well, for example, in some classes the teacher (50) o_____ us the information and goes through the question step by step. Then we do a similar exercise by (51) o______ for homework. Z: How do you feel about that? M: (52) A______ I like those lessons because I can make sure I really understand everything. Z: Yes, providing learners with a strong (53) b______ is one of the strengths of Chinese education. (44)____________ (45)____________ (46)____________ (47)____________ (48)____________ (49)____________ (50)____________ (51)____________ (52)____________ (53)___________ 書面表達(dá) 假定你是李華。在最近的一次班會(huì)上，你班同學(xué)們就“高三學(xué)生是否需要吃補(bǔ)品來保持健康”展開了討論。請根據(jù)下表提供的信息用英語寫一篇短文，并談一些你自己的看法，給某英語雜志投稿。 60%的同學(xué)認(rèn)為 40%的同學(xué)認(rèn)為 1．堅(jiān)持鍛煉，無需吃任何補(bǔ)品（tonic）。 1．高三階段課業(yè)繁重，很多同學(xué)經(jīng)常感到疲勞 2．過多攝入補(bǔ)品會(huì)增加體重，對健康不利。 2．補(bǔ)品可以幫助恢復(fù)精力。 3．價(jià)格比較貴。 3．沒時(shí)間鍛煉身體。 你的看法： _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案解析】 【單項(xiàng)填空】 1. A。bring about：引起、帶來；bring out： 拿出、取出； bring up：撫養(yǎng)大；bring back拿 回。 2. D。fit：sth. fit sb. / sth.：穿得； suit：sth suit sb.：合意、稱心。 3. A。should have done：本該……，表示一個(gè)過去應(yīng)該發(fā)生而沒有發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 4. B。第一句是否定句，且用了助動(dòng)詞would。 5. B。while在這里作“而”解釋，表示前后兩者對比。 6. B。to buy在這里作后制定語，修飾anything，但最好用：to be bought。 7. B。So sb. do / have / be：某人的確如此；So do / have / be sb.：某人也如此。 8. D。選擇原因。A. Busy as she was：雖然她忙，主從句矛盾。 9. A。match sb. / sth.：與……相比； compare：compare A with / to B。 10. A。situation：情景； expression：(表達(dá)的)詞句； condition：情況、條件； translation： 翻譯。 11. C。more or less：差不多、幾乎，是副詞，放于助動(dòng)詞之后。 12. B。come about：發(fā)生，= happen； bring about：引起、帶來；Sth. occur to sb. = Sth. happen to sb.; get down：下來。 13. C。強(qiáng)調(diào)句作賓語從句。 14. A。remember / forget doing：記得/忘記做過的事；remember / forget to do：記得/忘記要 做……。 15. B。didn’t realize：沒料到、沒想到、不知道……，講過去的情況。 【完形填空】 16. C。本句的意思是：成功或失敗在很大程度上取決于你是否能揚(yáng)長避短。improvement改 進(jìn)；victory勝利；achievement成果，成就。這三個(gè)詞都不合題意，只有選項(xiàng)C最合適。 17. A。to a great extent是固定短語，意思是“很大程度上”，符合題意。類似的說法還有： to a large extent, to some extent, to an extent, to a certain extent, to that extent, to the extent of…。 the, some, certain都不能與great extent搭配。 18. B。on與前面的depend構(gòu)成本句謂語。 19. B。of與名詞連用,表示具有某種性質(zhì),狀態(tài)，做表語。置于句首，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。正常語序?yàn)椋? Your attitude is of the utmost importance. 20. A。A person后應(yīng)當(dāng)是定語從句,“開始工作的那個(gè)人”。 21. C。本句的意思是“如果一個(gè)剛剛開始工作的人就深信自己不會(huì)喜歡或肯定不適應(yīng)這項(xiàng) 工作，那么阻礙他成功的缺點(diǎn)就暴露出來了?！眔r后面省略了主語he。ensure保證；certain 肯定的，只能用于It做主語的句子里；surely確實(shí)地；sure肯定的。 22. D。in one’s belief：相信。其它選項(xiàng)都不能與belief搭配。 23. C。capable of doing是固定搭配，意為“能夠干什么”。 24. D。attempt用做名詞，后接介詞at，意為“試圖，努力”；如果后面接介詞on，表示攻 擊的意思。其他兩項(xiàng)都不能與attempt搭配。 25. C。本句的意思是“具有某一工作的必要技能是一個(gè)優(yōu)勢”此處應(yīng)填句子的主語，故選 動(dòng)名詞having。 26. D。本句主語是A bookkeeper or carpenter…。根據(jù)主謂一致原則，其謂語應(yīng)當(dāng)用單數(shù) is，而不是復(fù)數(shù)are。being, been都是分詞，應(yīng)該排除。 27. D。on與前面的capitalize搭配，表示“利用”。做不定式help的補(bǔ)語。其它選項(xiàng)不能與 capitalize搭配。 28. B。本句的意思是“克服缺點(diǎn)”,應(yīng)選weakness(缺點(diǎn)，弱點(diǎn))。idea觀點(diǎn)；strength優(yōu)點(diǎn)； advantage優(yōu)勢。 29. B。固定短語take stock of，意為“對……估價(jià)，對……作出判斷”。 30. A。本句的意思是：“隨著更深入的閱讀”，從語法角度，此處應(yīng)填關(guān)聯(lián)詞。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中， 只有as能用做關(guān)聯(lián)詞。 31. D。選項(xiàng)A, B, C分別是deal(處理，論述，涉及)的原形，過去分詞及被動(dòng)語態(tài)。根據(jù)語 法和語義，此處應(yīng)填將來進(jìn)行時(shí)，意思是“隨著書中內(nèi)容的進(jìn)一步深入，我們將詳細(xì)論述發(fā) 展和加強(qiáng)學(xué)習(xí)技能的具體過程。” 32. C。根據(jù)上下文，這里應(yīng)當(dāng)指“學(xué)習(xí)技能”。 33. B。固定短語to begin with，意為“首先，第一”，常用做插入語。 34. A。謂語動(dòng)詞pause后，examine又是動(dòng)詞原形，所以這里應(yīng)當(dāng)選to，可構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不定式， 做目的狀語。其余選項(xiàng)都是介詞，不合題意。 35. C。本句對全文進(jìn)行總結(jié)概括，與文章的開頭相呼應(yīng)，Of the utmost importance is your attitude故選attitude。 【閱讀理解】 36. D。從文章第二節(jié)第四行和地五行可知。 37. D。文章第二節(jié)最后一句。 38. D。第四節(jié)第五行some students think it will affect their freedom and privacy可知答案。 39. B。第三節(jié)中可推出答案。 40. C。文章第一節(jié)中：We owe a lot to the birds and beast who eat insects, but all of them put together kill only a very small amount of the number destroyed by spiders. 41. C。文章第三節(jié)。 42. D。從they are hungry creatures, not content with only three meals a day可知答案。 43. A。綜合全文可知。 【對話填空】 44. behave 45. that 46. both 47. way 48. try 49. right 50. offers 51. ourselves 52. Actually 53. basis 【書面表達(dá)】 I’m writing to tell about the discussion we’ve had in the recent class meeting about whether Senior 3 students should take a lot of tonics to keep fit. Opinions are divided on the topic. Sixty percent of the students think it unnecessary to take any tonics. They hold the opinion that taking tonics will cause them to put on weight, which is bad for their health. What’s more, the price of tonics is rather high. However, forty percent of the students point out that Senior 3 students have a lot more homework to do every day. So many students get tired and tonics can help to refresh themselves. In addition, they can’t afford time to have sports. Personally, having right food is more important. Th