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111 必修1 Module6 grammar學(xué)案-冠詞 （一）考綱要求 考綱規(guī)定，冠詞考查基本用法，包括定冠詞與不定冠詞，不定冠詞a與an的區(qū)別；不用冠詞的情況；習(xí)語中的冠詞；特指與泛指等。 （二）命題導(dǎo)向 冠詞規(guī)則的靈活運(yùn)用是高考命題的一個(gè)熱點(diǎn)，幾乎每年高考題的單項(xiàng)選擇或完形填空都有涉及冠詞的題目，不定冠詞和定冠詞的一些特殊用法，習(xí)慣用法及不用冠詞的情況是高考重點(diǎn)考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)。 一、冠詞的分類： 冠詞是一種虛詞,用在名詞或名詞詞組的前面,表示名詞是特指還是泛指。冠詞可分為不定冠詞和定冠詞兩種形式。 不定冠詞有?a/an 定冠詞有?the 其中,?a?用在發(fā)音以輔音開頭的名詞之前,?而?an?則?用在發(fā)音以元音開頭的名詞之前。 二、不定冠詞的用法: ??1.表示某一類人或某事物中的任何一個(gè),經(jīng)常用在第一次提到某人或某物時(shí),用不定冠詞起介紹作用，表示一個(gè)。? ????1）I?gave?him?a?book?yesterday.? 我昨天給了他一本書。? ????2）I?am?reading?an?interesting?story?.? 我在讀一本有趣的故事書。?? 　2.表示人或事物的某一種類,?強(qiáng)調(diào)整體,?即以其中的一個(gè)代表一類。? 　　1）A?horse?is?useful?to?mankind.? 馬對(duì)人類有用。? 　　2）A?bird?can?fly.? 鳥會(huì)飛。? 　　3）A?steel?worker?makes?steel.? 煉鋼工人煉鋼。? 　3.不定冠詞用在事物的"單位"前,如時(shí)間,?速度,?價(jià)格等意義的名詞之前,表示?"每一"。? 　　1）We?often?go?to?school?two?times?a?day.我們常常一天兩次去學(xué)校。? 　　2）?The?potato?is?sold?at?about?30?fen?a?jin.? 土豆賣三毛錢一斤。? 　4.不定冠詞用來指某人某物,但不具體說明任何人或任何物。? 　　1）A?boy?came?to?see?you?a?moment?ago.? 剛才有一個(gè)小孩來找你。? 　　2）I?got?this?tool?in?a?shop.? 我在商店買的這件工具。? ? 　5.不定冠詞用于某些詞組。? 　　如：a?few?幾個(gè)?a?little?有點(diǎn)? 　　1）She?has?a?few?friends?in?this?city.?她在這個(gè)城市中有幾個(gè)朋友。? 　　2）There?is?a?little?milk?in?the?bottle.? 瓶子里有點(diǎn)牛奶。? 　　3）Only?a?few?students?are?in?the?classroom.只有幾個(gè)學(xué)生在教室。? 三、定冠詞的用法。? 　1.定冠詞特指某(些)人或某(些)事物,?以區(qū)別于同類中其他的人或事物。? 　　The?bag?in?the?desk?is?mine.? 桌子里的書包是我的。? 　　It?is?not?the?car?we?are?looking?for.?這不是我們要找的車。? ? 　2.定冠詞用來指上文中已提到過的人或事物。? 　　I?bought?a?book?from?Xinhua?book-shop.?The?book?costs?15?yuan.? 　　我從新華書店買了一本書.?這本書值十五元。? 　3.?定冠詞用于表示世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物或用于自然界現(xiàn)象或方位名詞之前。?如：the?sun，the?moon，the?earth，?the?sky，the?world，　the?winter?night? 　　The?sun?is?bigger?than?the?moon.? 太陽比月亮大。? 　　I?can?see?a?bird?in?the?sky.? 我能看到天空中有一只小鳥。? 　4.?定冠詞與單數(shù)名詞連用,表示這一類人或物。? 　　The?dog?is?not?too?danger.? 狗不太危險(xiǎn)。? 　　The?cat?is?an?animal.貓是一種動(dòng)物。 111 5. 用在序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)或兩者之間比較及only, very, same 等形容詞前。如： the second floor, the biggest room, He is the taller of the two.他們兩個(gè)人中，他更高。 This is the very book that I am looking for. 6. 與形容詞或分詞連用表示一類人或一種抽象概念。如： the poor窮人; the young 年輕人； the false 謬論；the true真理 7. 用于表示樂器的名詞前面。 如： He plays the piano. 他會(huì)彈鋼琴。 8. 用于姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)前， 表示一家人。如：the Greens格林一家人 9. 用于逢十的復(fù)數(shù)名詞之前，指世紀(jì)的某個(gè)年代。如： in the 1970’s 在20世紀(jì)70年代 10. 用于有些國(guó)家和民族的形容詞之前，泛指這個(gè)國(guó)家和民族的全體人員。如： the Japanese日本人，the French法國(guó)人， the English英國(guó)人 四、 不使用冠詞的情況 1. 國(guó)名，人名前通常不用定冠詞：England，Mary； 　2. 泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，表示一類人或事物時(shí)，可不用定冠詞； 　　They are teachers. 他們是教師。 　3. 抽象名詞表示一般概念時(shí)，通常不加冠詞； 　　Failure is the mother of success.　失敗乃成功之母。 　4. 物質(zhì)名詞表示一般概念時(shí)，通常不加冠詞，當(dāng)表示特定的意思時(shí)，需要加定冠詞；　Man cannot live without water.　人離開水就無法生存。 　5. 在季節(jié)、月份、節(jié)日、 假日、日期、星期等表示時(shí)間的名詞之前，不加冠詞； We go to school from Monday to Friday.　我們從星期一到星期五都上課。 　6. 在稱呼或表示官銜，職位的名詞前不加冠詞； 　 The guards took the American to General Lee. 　 士兵們把這個(gè)美國(guó)人送到李將軍那里。 　7. 在三餐、球類運(yùn)動(dòng)和娛樂運(yùn)動(dòng)的名稱前，不加冠詞 如：have breakfast，play chess 　8. 當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上名詞并用時(shí)，常省去冠詞； 　　I can't write without pen or pencil.　　沒有鋼筆和鉛筆，我就寫不了字。 　9. 當(dāng)by 與火車等交通工具連用，表示一種方式時(shí)，中間無冠詞；by bus，by train； 　10. 有些個(gè)體名詞不用冠詞；如： 　 school，college，prison，market，hospital，bed，table，class，town，church，court 等個(gè)體名詞，直接置于介詞后，表示該名詞的深層含義； 　　　 go to hospital　　去醫(yī)院看病 　　　 go to the hospital　 去醫(yī)院 (并不是去看病，而是有其他目的) 　11. 不用冠詞的序數(shù)詞； 　 a. 序數(shù)詞前有物主代詞 　 b. 序數(shù)詞作副詞　 He came first in the race. 　 c. 在固定詞組中　 at (the) first,first of all,　　from first to last 記憶口訣： 一、不定冠詞口訣 挑帽子----a/an用法口訣 冠詞a, an兩種帽, 許多名詞常需要. 單詞開頭讀元音, an帽兒你可挑. 輔音起首戴a帽, 記住規(guī)律莫亂套. 二、定冠詞用法小結(jié)口訣： 1.有水無湖：海、洋、海灣、河等，都用the;單個(gè)湖不用the,(但多個(gè)湖用the); ???????????? the Red Sea,the Pacific Ocean, the Persian Gulf, the Yangtze River ???????????? The Great Lakes(五大湖）；Lake Erie(伊利湖） 2.有球無星：地球，月亮用the;行星不用the: Mars,Venus; 3.有山無峰：The Huangshan Mountains(黃山）；Mount Everest(珠穆朗瑪峰）； ????????????? Mount(or Mt.) Tai(泰山）. ? 4.有獨(dú)無歐（偶）：獨(dú)一無二的，the earth,the moon,the sun用the; 歐洲等七大洲不用the, 如，Europe,Africa,Asia,NorthAmerica,South?America, Antarctica,Oceania 5.有（足）族無球（運(yùn)動(dòng)）：種族用the:the Indians(印第安人)；球類運(yùn)動(dòng)baseball,basketball ?6.有文無章：歷史性的文件用the;小說等的章節(jié)不用the?。如：The Constitution(憲法）; chapter one ?7.學(xué)而不專：學(xué)校放在詞組的前面時(shí)用the;專有名詞放在詞組的前面時(shí)不用the;如：The University of Fudan; Fudan University 三、 零冠詞口訣 月、季、星期、節(jié)假、洲， 呼語、頭銜、職務(wù)前， 三餐、球類、慣用語， 學(xué)科、棋類、名詞前。 111 典型考題：（必做題） 1. My mother asked me to repeat ____ telephone number ____ second time so that she could write it down. A. the; a B. an; the C. an; a D. the; the 2. —Hey, Mr. Smith, you are wanted on ____ phone. —Who is calling? —____ Mr. Green. I don’t know who he is. A. /; A B. the; / C. the; A D. /; / 3. —Did you happen to see ____ black and ____ white cats? —Are they missing? I told you to take care of them. A. the; the B. the; / C. a; / D. a; the 4. Susan, ____ university student from Europe, teaches me ____ art in her spare time. A. an; / B. a; the C. a; / D. an; the 5. He wrote ____ song, which turned out to be rather popular with ____ young. A. the; the B. a; / C. a; the D. the; / 6. —Where are you going, Mr. Johnson? —I am on my way to ____ hospital to see my wife, for she is seriously ill in ____ hospital now. A. the; / B. /; the C. the; the D. a; / 7. ____ singer and ____ dancer is to attend my birthday party, which will add to our pleasure. A. The; the B. The; / C. The; a D. A; a 8. ____ New York Times carried an article on how to protect the mother river of China—____ Yellow River. A. The; the B. The; / C. /; the D. /; / 9. —What did you have for ____ lunch? —I had ____ delicious lunch at my friend’s house and it is really unforgettable. A. a; / B. / ; a C. /; / D. /; the 10. ____ shortest as he is, he runs fastest in our school. A. The B. A C. / D. An 11. The apple pies are so tasty. I would like to have ____ third one because ____ second one is rather too small. A. a; a B. the; the C. a; the D. the; a 12. She was caught in ____ heavy rain on her way to the lonely island, which was quite ____ experience. A. a; / B. /; an C. a; an D. a; a 13. Last summer vacation, my parents took me to visit ____ Tian An Men Square and _____ Tsinghua University, and I really enjoyed myself very much. A. /; the B. /; / C. the; the D. the; / 14. George W. Bush, __ President of the United States, visited China ___ third time. A. a; a B. the; a C. /; a D. /; the 15. People all know that it will take years of practice to gain ___ skills of ___ expert. A. the; an B. the; the C. the; a D. /; the 16. ---Did you have ____ wonderful time yesterday? 　　 ---Yes. I was on _____ top of _____ world. 　　 A. /, the, a 　 B. a, /, the 　 C. a, a, the 　 D. a, the, the 17. I don' t usually have _____ breakfast, but I always eat _____ good lunch. 　　 A. /, / 　 B. /, a 　 C. the, / 　 D. /, the 18. ---What does "on _____one hand…on _____other" means? 　---What_____great fun! You're asking me such a simple question. 　　 A. the, the, / 　 B. the, the, a 　 C. /, the, a　 D. /, the, / 高考鏈接：（選做題） 1. Alexander Gramha Bell invented ____telephone in 1876. (MET1991) 　　 A./;　 B. a　 C. the　 D. one 2.After watching ____TV, she played ____violin for an hour. （ MET1991 11） 　　 A./;/　 B. the ; the　 C. the; /　 D./;the 3. ---Where's jack ? （ MET1992 36） ---I think he's still in _____ bed, but he might just be in ____bathroom. 　 A./; /　 B. the; the　 C. the; /　 D./; the 4. She is ___newcomer to ___chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries. （NMET1994 20） 　A. the; the　 B. the ; /　 C. a; /　 D. a ; the 5. Wouldn't it be ___wonderful world if all nations lived in ___peace with one another? （NMET1994 23） 　　 A. a; /　 B. the; /　 C. a; the　 D. the; the 6. .Many people agree that ___knowledge of English is a must in __international trade today. （NMET 1996 13） 　　 A. a; /　 B. the; an　 C. the; the　 D./;the 7. Paper money was in ___use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in ___thirteenth century. （NMET 1999 8） 　　 A. the ; /　 B. the; the　 C./; the　 D./; / 8. It is not true in ___that people in ___fifties are going to university for further education . （1999.上海 6） A.90s; their　 B. the 90s; /　 C.90s; / D. the 90s; their 9. Most animals have little connection with ____animals of ___different kind unless they kill them for food. (NMET2000 10) 　　 A. the; a　 B./; a　 C. the ; the　 D./; the 10.---Have you seen ___pen ? I left it here this morning. 　 ---Is it ___black one ?I think I saw it somewhere.(NMET1997 7) 　　 A. a; the　 B. the; the　 C. the ; a　 D. a; a 參考答案： 1-5 ACACC 6-10 ABABC 11-15 CCBCA 111