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111 高考英語一輪單元總復(fù)習(xí)講義精品薈萃外研版選修六Module 5 知識詳解 1.refuse　v．　拒絕 (回歸課本P58)When Frankenstein refuses to create a wife for him，the monster murders Frankenstein’s brother... 當(dāng)弗蘭肯斯坦拒絕為怪物制造一個妻子時(shí)，怪物謀殺了他的兄弟…… 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①(牛津P1670)He flatly refused to discuss the matter. 他斷然拒絕商討這件事。 ②Wall Street would not refuse the offers from the government.華爾街不會拒絕來自政府的幫助。 ③(朗文P1653)The U．S. authorities refused him a visa. 美國當(dāng)局拒絕給他簽證。 ④On cold mornings，the car always refuses to start. 早晨天冷時(shí)，車總是發(fā)動不起來。 【即境活用】 1．(浙江杭州學(xué)軍中學(xué)期中)As a student，you should try to ________ being late for your class. A．prevent　　　　　　　B．refuse C．a(chǎn)void D．punish 解析：選C。句意：作為學(xué)生，你應(yīng)該盡量避免上課遲到。avoid后跟v.-ing形式作賓語。prevent表示“阻止”；refuse后跟不定式作賓語。 2.I can’t stand ________ with Jane in the same office.She just refuses ________ talking while she works. A．working；stopping B．to work；stopping C．working；to stop D．to work；to stop 解析：選C。句意：我無法忍受和珍妮在同一個辦公室工作，她在工作的時(shí)候總是不停地說話。can’t stand(doing)sth.意為“不能忍受(做)某事”；refuse to do sth.意為“拒絕做某事”。 2.resist　v．　抗拒；對抗；反抗；抵抗；忍住(一般用否定式) (回歸課本P65)．..for example，a prize cow which can resist bacteria or disease，or to sow a cloned crop which can resist rot or pests. ……比如：克隆能夠抵御細(xì)菌或疾病的優(yōu)選奶牛，種植能夠抵抗枯病或害蟲的克隆作物。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①At the G20 summit in London，many states agreed to resist trade protectionism. 在倫敦G20國集團(tuán)金融峰會上，許多國家表示抵抗貿(mào)易保護(hù)政策。 ②(牛津P1697)They are determined to resist pressure to change the law.他們下決心頂住要求改革法律的壓力。 ③(牛津P1697)He couldn’t resist showing off his new car. 他忍不住炫耀起了他的新車。 ④She resisted the temptation to tell him what she really thought.她克制住自己，沒有把真實(shí)想法告訴他。 【即境活用】 3．(重慶南開中學(xué)模擬)I didn’t mean ________ anything，but those apples looked so good that I couldn’t resist ________ one. A．to eat；trying　　　　　 B．to eat；to try C．eating；trying D．eating；to try 解析：選A。mean to do sth.打算做某事；can’t resist(doing)sth.忍不住(做)某事。 4.The boy couldn’t ________ reaching out for the sweets. A．refuse B．resist C．reject D．decline 解析：選B。can’t resist doing sth.“禁不住做……”。 3.suspect　n．　嫌疑犯，有嫌疑的人 vt.　懷疑，疑心，猜想 adj.　可疑的；靠不住的 (回歸課本P65)Finally，the latest research into DNA has helped solve crimes by analysing the suspect’s saliva which they spit at a crime scene or the dirt under their fingernails. 最后，在DNA的最新研究中，通過分析嫌疑犯在犯罪現(xiàn)場吐的唾液或手指甲下的污垢已幫助解決了許多犯罪行為。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①We suspected that it was a trick to get our money. 我們懷疑這是一個騙取我們錢財(cái)?shù)脑幱?jì)。 ②I suspected the same，but I kept telling myself it was my imagination.我也曾這樣懷疑過，但我不斷地對自己說，這只是我的想象罷了。 ③They suspect him of a theft.他們覺得他有偷竊嫌疑。 ④(牛津P2037)The drug is suspected of causing over 200 deaths.人們懷疑這種藥物造成200多人死亡。 ⑤The suspect has been taken to the police station. 嫌疑犯已被送往警察局。 【易混辨析】 suspect，doubt (1)suspect“懷疑……是”，表示相信。 (2)doubt“懷疑……不是”，表示不相信。 ①He seems poor，but I suspect that he has quite a lot of money. ②I doubt if we’ll arrive on time. 【即境活用】 5．Nobody wants to make friends with the boy ________ money. A．suspected of having stolen B．suspected to steal C．suspected having stolen D．suspecting to have stolen 解析：選A。考查固定搭配的用法。suspect...of...懷疑……，因?yàn)閛f是介詞，后面跟v.-ing形式。在本句中，suspected of having stolen是過去分詞短語作定語。 4.contrast　vt.　使成對比；使成對照　n．　對比，對照 (回歸課本P59)But these things contrasted horribly with his yellow eyes，his wrinkled yellow skin and black lips. 這些同他的黃色眼睛，布滿皺紋的黃色皮膚還有黑色的嘴唇形成了鮮明的對比。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①Her actions contrast sharply with her promises. ＝Her actions and her promises contrast sharply. 她的行動和承諾形成了鮮明的對比。 ②This white peak contrasts finely with the blue sky. 雪白的山峰同蔚藍(lán)的天空交相輝映。 ③In another passage，he again contrasts the land with the sea.在另一篇文章中，他再次把陸地和海洋做了對比。 ④(朗文P407)Mary was short and plump，in contrast to her mother who was tall and willowy. 瑪麗又矮又胖，相比之下她母親卻高挑婀娜。 【即境活用】 6．(湖北六校第二次聯(lián)考)There is an obvious ________ between the cultures of the West and East. A．content　　　　 B．contrast C．contract D．contact 解析：選B。考查名詞辨析。句意“東西方文化之間形成明顯的對比?！眂ontent“內(nèi)容”；contract“合同”；contact“接觸；聯(lián)系”。 7.完成句子 Don’t you think the new building ________________________ with those old houses? 你不覺得這棟新樓跟那些舊房子形成對比了嗎？ 答案：makes a contrast 5.absorb　v．　吸收(液體、光、熱能等)；理解；掌握；吸引(興趣)；使專心 (回歸課本P67)In fact，only females can absorb the DNA of another creature. 事實(shí)上，只有母蚊子才能接收其他生物的DNA信息。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①In cold climates，houses need to have walls that will absorb heat.在寒冷的氣候中，房子需要有吸收熱量的墻。 ②(朗文P7)The video was totally absorbing the children’s attention.錄像完全吸引了孩子們的注意力。 ③Many of these farmers have been absorbed into the urban workforce，but often not into urban social-security schemes. 許多農(nóng)民已成為城市勞動力，但是他們并沒有享受到城市的社會保障制度。 ④The boy was absorbed in the book when I came into his room. 當(dāng)我走進(jìn)房間的時(shí)候，這個男孩正專心致志地讀書。 【即境活用】 8．She sat at her desk，with her eyes ________ on the book，________ in its plot. A．fixing；absorbing　 B．fixed；absorbed C．fixed；absorbing D．fixing；absorbed 解析：選B。本句中with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作伴隨狀語。fix one’s eyes on sth.“集中目光于……”，其中fix與eyes之間為動賓關(guān)系，故用fix的-ed形式。be absorbed in“全神貫注于”，此處是形容詞化了的過去分詞作狀語。 9.He knew nothing about what had happened outside，for he was ________ in the novel borrowed from his classmate. A．a(chǎn)bsorbed B．a(chǎn)ttracted C．a(chǎn)ccumulated D．obtained 解析：選A。be absorbed in“全神貫注于”。 6.burn out　(火)燃盡；燒完自滅；燒壞 (回歸課本P59)My candle was almost burnt out when... 正當(dāng)我的蠟燭快要燃盡的時(shí)候…… 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①The fire had burned out before the firefighters arrived. 消防隊(duì)員到達(dá)之前火就熄滅了。 ②Their home was burnt out and they were forced to leave the area.這家人因?yàn)榉孔颖蝗朔呕馃?，不得不離開這個地區(qū)。 ③If he doesn’t stop working so hard，he’ll burn himself out. 如果他繼續(xù)這樣拼命地工作，他會累垮的。 【即境活用】 10．The hotel was completely ________，only the walls remained. A．burnt down　　　　B．burnt with C．burnt out D．burnt off 解析：選C。句意：旅館完全燒盡，僅剩下墻壁了。burn out燒完，燒光，燃盡；burn down意為“燒毀”，不能說“被燒毀了”；burn with指有強(qiáng)烈的情緒或要求等；burn off意為“燒掉”。 7.break down　分解；(機(jī)械等)出故障，毀壞；(人)身體出毛病，垮掉 (回歸課本P67)When life ends，DNA breaks down and does not repair itself. 當(dāng)生命結(jié)束時(shí)，DNA也隨之分解，且無法自我修復(fù)。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①(牛津P233)The telephone system has broken down. 電話系統(tǒng)癱瘓了。 ②Peace talks have broken down over the question of reparations.和談因?yàn)閼?zhàn)后賠款問題而破裂。 ③Then his health broke down and he had to take a long holiday abroad. 之后他的身體累垮了，得去國外休一段長假。 ④Music is an international language that can help to break down language barriers. 音樂作為世界通用語言可以消除人們之間的語言障礙。 【即境活用】 11．The computer system ________ suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet. A．broke down　　　 B．broke out C．broke up D．broke in 解析：選A。句意：當(dāng)他在網(wǎng)上查找信息的時(shí)候 ，電腦系統(tǒng)突然癱瘓了。break down(機(jī)器、車輛等)出故障，壞掉；break out(戰(zhàn)爭、打斗等不愉快事件)突然開始；break up結(jié)束，散開，解散；變得虛弱，垮掉；break in入室行竊，插嘴。 12.My TV has ________ so I can’t watch it and I don’t know how to kill time. A．broken down B．broken in C．broken out D．broken into 解析：選A。break down“出故障，出毛病”；break in“闖入，打岔”；break out“爆發(fā)”；break into“闖入”，只有A項(xiàng)符合題意。 句型梳理 1.【教材原句】　The novel immediately became very popular and it is generally agreed that it is one of the best science fiction stories ever written.(P57) 這部小說立即受到歡迎，并被一致認(rèn)為是寫得最好的科幻小說之一。 【句法分析】　(1)It is agreed that...是一個固定句式，意為“……被一致認(rèn)為……”，其中it作形式主語，that引導(dǎo)的從句是主語從句，類似的結(jié)構(gòu)如： It is said/reported/believed/hoped/required/suggested/thought that...據(jù)說/據(jù)報(bào)道/人們相信/人們希望/人們要求/人們建議/人們認(rèn)為……。 ①It was agreed that we should hold another meeting. 大家一致同意我們應(yīng)該再開一次會。 ②It is said that the couple have left the country. 據(jù)說那對夫婦已經(jīng)離開了這個國家。 (2)注意下列句式的變化： ③It is said that he has gone abroad.＝He is said to have gone abroad.據(jù)說他已出國了。 ④It is said that he is studying abroad.＝He is said to be studying abroad.據(jù)說他正在國外學(xué)習(xí)。 ⑤It has been suggested that bright children should take their exams early.＝Bright children are suggested to take their exams early.有人建議天資聰明的孩子提前考試。 【即境活用】 13.Her husband is said ________ to study abroad.When do you know he left? A．to have gone　　　　B．to go C．going D．having gone 解析：選A。句意：據(jù)說她丈夫已出國學(xué)習(xí)去了。你知道他是什么時(shí)候走的嗎？It is said that sb....可以轉(zhuǎn)換成Sb.is said to do...，再者，由后一問句可知“他已經(jīng)走了”，所以用to do不定式的完成式，故選A。 14．(高考全國卷Ⅱ)It is often ________ that human beings are naturally equipped to speak. A．said B．to say C．saying D．being said 解析：選A。句式結(jié)構(gòu)It is said that...“據(jù)說……；人們常說……”。it為形式主語，指代that從句。本句話的意思為“人們常說，人天生具有語言能力?！? 2.【教材原句】　I wish I had not created this creature，I wish I was on the other side of the world，I wish I could disappear！(P59) 但愿我沒有制造出那個家伙，但愿我身處世界的另一邊，但愿我可以消失無蹤！ 【句法分析】　wish后面接一個賓語從句時(shí)，常常表示一種假想的情況，一般要用虛擬語氣。賓語從句中用虛擬語氣一般分下列三種情況： (1)如果假想的情況與主語的愿望同時(shí)發(fā)生，則賓語從句謂語動詞用過去時(shí)，be動詞用were的形式。 ①I wish I knew what was going to happen. 但愿我知道將要發(fā)生什么事。 ②I wish I flew like a bird.我多么希望我能像鳥一樣飛。 (2)假如賓語從句中的謂語發(fā)生在主語的愿望之前，則從句中的謂語動詞應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)。 ③They wished that they hadn’t lost the opportunity to realize their dream.他們多么希望他們沒有失去實(shí)現(xiàn)夢想的機(jī)會。 ④(朗文P2284)I wish I had been alive in the twenties. 我希望生活在20年代。 (3)如果賓語從句中假想的情況在主語的愿望之后發(fā)生，從句謂語動詞用“would/could＋動詞原形”的形式。 ⑤I wish that all the matter would have a good end. 我希望所有的一切會有一個好結(jié)局。 ⑥I wish he wouldn’t go out every night. 但愿他不要每晚都出去。 【即境活用】 15．I wish I ________ a chance to talk with you about my writing before you left. A．have　　　　　　　　 B．had C．had had D．will have 解析：選C。句意是：我真是希望在你離開之前與你談一談我的寫作問題。根據(jù)“before you left”可知，說話者是表達(dá)與過去事實(shí)相反的愿望，所以要用過去完成時(shí)。 16．How I wish I ________ in medicine instead of history when I was at college! A．had majored B．should major C．majored D．would major 解析：選A。動詞wish后面賓語從句中的謂語動詞需用虛擬語氣，表示與過去事實(shí)相反用過去完成時(shí)。根據(jù)when I was at college判斷，這里要表達(dá)的是與過去事實(shí)相反的愿望，故用had majored。 111