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111 Module 3 Adventure in Literature and the Cinema Grammar 直接引語轉(zhuǎn)換成間接引語的規(guī)則 引述或轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話稱為“引語”。直接引用別人的原話，叫作直接引語， 用自己的語言轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，叫作間接引語。 直接引語用引號標(biāo)出，而間接引語不需要引號。直接引語為陳述句。一般疑問句，特殊疑問句，和祈使句，轉(zhuǎn)換成間接引語時， 句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，人稱，時態(tài)， 時間狀語和地點(diǎn)狀語都有變化。 1． 人稱的轉(zhuǎn)變 直接引語轉(zhuǎn)化成間接引語時，人稱要根據(jù)情況作必要的變化。 She said , “I am very sorry.” ----- She said that she was very sorry. “ You should be more careful next time,” my father told me. ---- My father told me that I should be more careful the next time. He said to his son, “I’ll check your homework tonight.” ----- He said to his son that he would check his homework that night. 2. 時態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換 直接引語改為間接引語時， 主句的謂語動詞如果是過去時，從句（即間接引語部分）的謂語動詞在時態(tài)方面要作出相應(yīng)的變化，變成過去時范疇的各種時態(tài)（實(shí)際也是賓語從句的時態(tài)要求）。 時態(tài)的變化 例句 直接引語中 的時態(tài) 轉(zhuǎn)換成間接引語 后的時態(tài) 直接引語 間接引語 一般現(xiàn)在時 一般過去時 He said, “ I am afraid I can’t go.” He said that he was afraid he couldn’t go. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 過去進(jìn)行時 He said, “I am reading now.” He aid that he was reading then. 現(xiàn)在完成時 過去完成時 He said, “I have not heard from her since July” He said that he had not heard from her since July. 一般過去時 過去完成時 “Why did he refuse to go there?” the teacher asked. The teacher asked why she had refused to go there. 一般將來時 過去將來時 He asked the conductor, Where shall I get off to change a No.3 bus?” He asked the conductor where he would get off to change to a No.3 bus. 過去完成時 不變 Mother asked me, “Had you finished your homework before you watched TV?” Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV. 過去進(jìn)行時 不變 Tom said, “We were having a football match this time yesterday. Tom said that they were having a football match that time the day before. 3.時間狀語，地點(diǎn)狀語及某些對比性的指示代詞和動詞的變化。 時間狀語電、地點(diǎn)狀語及某些對比性的指示 代詞和動詞的變化 例句 直接引語中 轉(zhuǎn)換成間接引語 直接引語 間接引語直接引語 this that He said, “I’ll come this evening.” He said that he would go that evening. these those She said, “These books belong too me.” She said that those books belonged to me. now then He said, “It’s time to go now.” He said that it was time to go than. today that day He said. “ I have had two meetings today.” He said that he had had two meetings today. yesterday the day before He said, “ I went there yesterday.” He said that he had gone there the day before. last the…before He said, “ I saw her last week.” He said that he had seen her the week before. tomorrow the next day He said, “ I will go there tomorrow.” He said that he would go there the next day. here there He said, “ I was here three days ago.” He said that he had been there three days before. bring take He said, “I will bring my son here next time.” He said that he woul take his son there the next time. come go He said, “ I will come this afternoon.” He said that he would go that afternoon. 4． 直接引語變成間接引語時， 從句時態(tài)無須改變的情況。 1）直接引語表述的是客觀事實(shí)?？茖W(xué)真理和格言時， 例如： The teacher said “ The earth moves round the sun.” ---- The teacher said that the earth moves round the sun. He said, “ Practice makes perfect.” ----- He said that practice makes perfect. 2) 主句的時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時或一般將來時時。例如： He often says, “I will never forget you.” ---- He often says he will never forget me. He will say, “ I have done my best..” ---- He will say that he has done his best. 3) 在同一時間范圍內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，且直接引語中含有明確的表示過去的時間狀語時。例如： Li Ping said to me,“ I was late for school yesterday.” ---- Li Ping told me that she was late for school yesterday.(轉(zhuǎn)述時間仍在當(dāng)天) Tom: I have been there before. Lily : What did Tom say? Jin: Tom said that he has been there before. 4) 直接引語中含有when, since, while等引導(dǎo)的表示過去的時間狀語從句，變間接引語時，從句的時態(tài)不便，例如“ She said , “I went there when I was six years old.” ------ She said she had gone there when she was six years old. 5) 直接引語部分帶有具體的過去時間狀語時， 例如： He said , “I went to college in 1994. ” ---- He told us that he went to college in 1994. 6) 直接引語中有以when, while 引導(dǎo)的從句， 表示過去的時間時。例如： He said , “ When I was a child , I usually played football after school. " ------ He said when he was a child; he usually played football after school. 7) 直接引語的謂語中含有would, should, might, must. used to, ought to, had better 等動詞時， 例如： She said , “ We should help each other.” ----- She said we should help each other. 5. 間接引語的命令，請求，勸告 直接命令， He said, “ Sit down, Tom.” 間接命令。 He told Tom to sit down. 間接命令，請求及勸告的常用句式為：“ 表示命令，請求，勸告的動詞+賓語+不定式”。 根據(jù)語境，可選用下列動詞： advise, ask, invite, beg, implore, command, encourage, treat, forbid, order, recommend, remind, request, tell. urge, warm ,etc. He said,“ Get your coat, Tom!” He told Tom to get his coat. “ You had better hurry, Bill!” She said. She advised Bill to hurry. 2) 否定意義的命令， 請求等通常用not+ 不定式轉(zhuǎn)述。 “ Don’t play in the street, boys.” I said. I warned /told the boys not to play in the street. “ Don’t play in the street, boys,” I said. ------ I warned /told the boys not to play in the street. 3) 表示間接命令、請求及勸告： 表示要求和忠告可用于多種方法來表示。如： “If I were you, I’d stop talking that medicine.” I said. ----- I advised him to stop taking that medicine. “Why don’t you take off your coat?” He said. ------- He advised me to take off my coat. “Would/Could you show me your passport, please?” He said. ---- He asked me to show him my passport. ------He asked to see my passport. “You might post some letters for me,” said my boss. ----- My boss asked me to post some letters for him. 111