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111 2012屆高考英語頂尖學(xué)案：外研版 Module 2　No Drugs　禁毒 核心詞匯 1．It is _____________ (違法的)to sell tobacco to someone under 16. 2．She had been falsely accused of_____________ (偷竊)in a clothing store. 3．Students often see little _____________(聯(lián)系) between school and the rest of their lives. 4. Small businesses will need to _____________(減少)costs in order. 5. Habitual ____________(罪犯)should receive tougher punishments than firsttime offenders. 6. Immigrants have had a _____________(有力的) influence on the local culture. 7. It is important to ____________ (認識)how little we know about this disease. 8．Students were handing out election_____________ (傳單) at the street. 9．Heroin is ____________.He is a heroin _____________.He became ____________to drugs when he was young.And the_____________ cost him his wealth and health.(addict) 10. Trading has been adversely____________by the downtown in consumer spending .It is supposed that the_____________will last a year.(affect) 1.illegal　2.shoplifting　3.connection　4.reduce 　5. criminals　6.powerful　7.recognize　8.leaflets　9. addictive；addict；addicted ；addiction　10.affected；effect 高頻短語 1.__________________　　　查閱 2．________________ 強行闖入；破門而入 3．________________ 有可能做…… 4．________________ 定下一個日期 5．________________ 和……有關(guān) 6．________________ 屬于 7．________________ 代替 8．________________ 聽取某人的建議 9._________________ 為了 10．________________ 放棄；戒除 11．________________ 對……上癮；沉迷于 1.look up　2.break into　3.be likely to do　4.set a date,5.be related to　6.belong to　7.instead of　8.take one’s advice　9.in order to/so as to　10.give up　11.become addicted to 重點句式 1．...I________________ be a drug addict. ……我曾經(jīng)是個癮君子。 2．Users _________________ the drug are also ____________they_____________ needles____________other users. 如果那些注射毒品的人和其他吸毒者共用針頭的話，他們會面臨更多危險。 Now I work in a centre for drug addicts, ________________________________________ . 現(xiàn)在我在一家戒毒所工作，幫助其他的吸毒者戒毒。 4．How many of them break the law ______________ pay for their drugs? 他們中有多少人為了買毒品而犯法？ 5．Some people feel ________________nervous when they see drug users ______________ they call the police. 一些人看到癮君子很害怕就報警了。 6．It was _______________ loud music ____________ we couldn’t hear ourselves speak. 音樂如此大聲以至于我們聽不到自己說話。 7．I ______________ agree______________. 我非常同意。(我再同意不過了。) 8．________________ you’re doing when you want to smoke—do something else! 無論你在做什么，當你想抽煙時，做點別的事吧！ 1.used to　2.who inject；in more danger if ；share；with 　3.helping others to stop taking drugs　4.in order to,5.so；that 6.such；that　7.couldn’t；more 8.Whatever 知識詳解 ① reduce 　vt.　減少；縮減；約束，限制；使降低，降職； 　　　　　使……變?yōu)?某個狀態(tài))(回歸課本P12) reduce...to...把……減少到……,reduce...by...把……減少了……,reduce sb.to doing sth.迫使某人做某事；使某人不得不做某事,reduction n.縮小，減少；縮版,make a reduction減價 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①The expenses have been reduced to 1,000 yuan one month. 每月的費用已降到1,000元。 ②The expenses have been reduced by 200 yuan one month. 每月的費用已降了200元。 ③Eventually Charlotte was reduced to begging on the streets. 最后夏洛特被迫淪落到沿街乞討。 ④We can make a reduction if you buy in bulk. 如果你大批購買，我們可以降低價格。 1．Many students have dropped out of school and now the number of our class has ________50. A．reduced by　　　　　　 B．reduced to C．increased to D．increased by 解析：選B。reduce...to后面數(shù)字指減少后的總量，reduce...by后面數(shù)字指純減少的量或比率。由上面說到drop，故排除C、D。 【即境活用】 ★2. Since then the number of people stopping smoking ________10%. A．has reduced to B．reduces by C．has reduced by D．reduces to 解析：選C。由since then可判斷主句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時，排除B、D兩項；再根據(jù)句意“自從那時戒煙人數(shù)減少了10%”，強調(diào)差額用介語by，故選C。 ② likely 　adj.　很可能的，看來要發(fā)生的；(像是)可靠的，可信的；似乎有理的　 adv.　很可能 (回歸課本P9) Drug users are more likely to get into trouble at school. 吸毒者更有可能在學(xué)校遇到麻煩。 【歸納總結(jié)】 ① It is likely that he will be late. ＝He is likely to be late.他可能會遲到。 ②“He said you’d be giving them a lift.” “Not likely！” “他說你會讓他們搭便車?！薄敖^不可能！” ③It is likely that you could suffer from bad health if you keep smoking. 如果繼續(xù)吸煙，你很可能會健康狀況不佳。 ④That means the price is likely to go down because of the competition.這意味著價格有可能因為競爭而下降。 【例句探源】 likely，possible，probable 三者都有“可能的”之意，區(qū)別如下： (1)likely是形容詞，表示某事很可能發(fā)生，與probable 意思相近，但主語可以是人也可以是物。常用于“It is likely that...或sb./sth.be likely to do...”句型中，但不能說“It is likely for sb.to do sth.”。 (2)possible可能性相對小，作表語時，主語不能是人，常用句式為“It is possible for sb. to do sth.”或“It is possible that...”。 【易混辨析】 (3)probable 帶有“很可能”的意味，語氣比possible強，作表語時不能用人或不定式作主語，常用句式為“It is probable that...”。 ①It isn’t likely that I should accept such an offer as that. ②It’s possible_to break with old habits. ③It is _probable that he will succeed. ★3.Young Americans who don’t go to university ________get jobs which bring low income. A．a(chǎn)re likely to　　　　　 B．a(chǎn)re possible to C．were able to D．liked to 解析：選A。句意是：沒有上大學(xué)的美國年輕人可能做一些低收入的工作。likely可用于sb./sth.is likely to do而possible不能。 【即境活用】 4．(2010年山東青島質(zhì)檢)A senior firefighter said it was__________that the fire，which broke out at midnight，was caused by someone on purpose. A．possibly B．likely C．probably D．obviously 解析：選B。根據(jù)It is likely that……句型得出答案，其它三個詞都是副詞，不能用于該句型。 ③ affect　 vt.　影響，對……有壞影響；(疾病)侵襲；假裝；喜歡 (回歸課本P9) Smoking in a park doesn’t affect other people in the same way. 在公園吸煙不會以同樣的方式影響別人。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①Peter Taylor finds out how computers and the Internet are going to affect our lives. 彼得·泰勒試圖弄清計算機和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)將如何影響我們的生活。 ②(牛津P31)They were deeply affected by the news of her death. 她死亡的消息使他們唏噓不已。 ③(2010年高考遼寧卷)The experiment showed that our body clocks are affected by light and temperature. 這項實驗表明我們的生物鐘受光線和溫度的影響。 ④She was affected with high fever. 她發(fā)高燒。 affect，effect，influence 三個詞都有“影響”的意思。 (1)affect指“產(chǎn)生的影響之大足以引起反應(yīng)”，著重“影響”的動作，有時含有“對……產(chǎn)生不利影響”的意思。 (2)effect作“影響”講時，通常用作名詞，構(gòu)成have an effect on“對……有影響”。effect作動詞時，指“使(某事物)產(chǎn)生；使發(fā)生；引起”，著重“造成”一種特殊的效果。 (3)influence指“通過說服、舉例等對行動、思想、性格等產(chǎn)生不易覺察到的、潛移默化的影響”。 【易混辨析】 ①The games don’t have a(n) _effect on grownups but affect students a great deal. ②Influenced by a high school biology teacher，he took up the study of medicine. ③This book effected a change in my opinion. 5．Critics believe that the control of television by mass advertising has ________the quality of the programs. A．lessened　　　　　　　 B．declined C．a(chǎn)ffected D．effected 解析：選C。句意為：批評家認為電視被大量的廣告所控制，這影響了節(jié)目的質(zhì)量。affect常指不好的影響；lessen“減少”；decline“降低”，指力量、權(quán)力、數(shù)量等的削減；effect“引起；產(chǎn)生”，只有affect符合句意。 【即境活用】 ④ recognise 　vt.　辨認出；認出；認識到；認知 (回歸課本P19)Participants learn to recognise smoking triggers... 參與者學(xué)會分辨吸煙的誘因…… 【歸納總結(jié)】 recognise sb./sth.as/to be承認某人/物是……；認出某人/物是…… It’s recognised that...人們意識到…… ①Salera came home so thin and weak that her own children hardly recognised her. 賽莉婭回家時又瘦又弱，連她自己的孩子都幾乎認不出她來了。 ②He is recognised as the head of the company. 他被認為是公司的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。 ③It was recognised that he was not qualified for the work. 人們認識到他做這項工作不合格。 【例句探源】 recognise，know (1)recognise 指把原來認識的人/物再次“辨認出”，是非延續(xù)性動詞。 (2)know“認識并熟悉某人/物”，是延續(xù)性動詞。 ①Sometimes we can’t recognise,_one’s voice on the phone even though we know him/her. ②I know him so well that I can recognise his steps. 【易混辨析】 6．(2010年高考遼寧卷)Alexander tried to get his work________in the medical circles. A．to recognize　　　　　　B．recognizing C．recognize D．recognized 解析：選D。句意：Alexander試圖使自己的工作在醫(yī)學(xué)界得到認可。本題考查非謂語動詞作賓補。get sth.done表示使某事物被做，如get my hair cut表示理發(fā)；get her finger burnt表示她的手指被燒傷。 【即境活用】 ★7.—Oh，it’s you，Alice.I________you.You look much thinner than before. —Not surprising.I’m on a diet. A．didn’t recognize B．hadn’t recognized C．haven’t recognized D．don’t recognize 解析：選A。本題強調(diào)是剛才沒認出，故用一般過去時態(tài)。 ⑤ break into　闖入，破門而入；突然……起來 (回歸課本P13) The next day，I broke into a house and stole a television and a video recorder. 第二天，我闖入一戶人家，偷了一臺電視機和一臺錄像機。 break out突然爆發(fā) break up打碎；拆散；分解 結(jié)束,break in打斷(談話)； 突然闖入(in是副詞) break through突破 break down瓦解，損壞，分解；機器壞了；失??；身體垮了 break away from擺脫(束縛)；克服(習(xí)慣) break off中斷，折斷，突然停止 【歸納總結(jié)】 ①Thieves broke into our house while we were away on holiday. 我們外出度假時，小偷闖入了我們家。 ②On hearing the news that the war was over ，the old woman broke into tears. 聽到戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束的消息，老人突然哭了起來。 ③Don’t break into their conversation；they are discussing something important. 不要打斷他們的談話，他們正在討論重要的事情。 【例句探源】 break into，break in 兩者都有“闖入”之意。break into中，into是介詞，后需接賓語；break in 是不及物動詞短語，其中in是副詞，不接賓語。另外，break into還有“突然……起來”之意，相當于burst into；break in還可以表示“插嘴”等。 ①We had to break_into the house as we had lost the key. ②Never break_in while others are talking. 【易混辨析】 8．(2010年海南三亞模擬)You’ll________sooner or later if you keep working like that. A．break off 　　　　　　 B．break down C．break into D．break out 解析：選B。句意：如果你繼續(xù)那樣工作，身體遲早會垮掉的。break down“垮掉”，符合題意。 【即境活用】 ★9. Scientists hope to________soon in their fight against the H1N1 flu virus. A．break up B．break out C．break through D．break in 解析：選C。句意為：科學(xué)家們希望能盡快在應(yīng)對甲型H1N1流感病毒方面有所突破。break up“分解，打破”；break out“發(fā)生，爆發(fā)”；break through“突破”；break in“闖入，打斷(談話)”，據(jù)句意可知答案為C。 ⑥ give up　放棄；交出，讓出；認輸 (回歸課本P13)And here are some ideas to help people to give up smoking. 這兒有一些幫助人們戒煙的方法。 give away分發(fā)；放棄；泄露 give back歸還；恢復(fù) give forth發(fā)出(氣味、聲音等)；發(fā)表 give in屈服；讓步；同意 give off發(fā)出(蒸汽、光等) give out分發(fā)，發(fā)出(氣味、熱等)；發(fā)表，用完，耗盡；精疲力竭 【歸納總結(jié)】 ①When Ed left ，she gave up hope of ever marrying. 埃德離開時，她徹底放棄了結(jié)婚的希望。 ②In the crowded bus ，the young people gave up their seats to the old people. 在擁擠的公共汽車上，年輕人把座位讓給老年人。 ③The doctor told him to give up smoking and drinking. 醫(yī)生要他戒煙戒酒。 ④She has never given up her secrets to others. 她從不把秘密透露給別人。 【例句探源】 10．We haven’t heard from her for long，so we give her________for dead. A．out B．in C．up D．a(chǎn)way 解析：選C。give out“用完，用盡”；give in“讓步，投降”；give up“放棄，不抱希望”；give away“泄露，分發(fā)”。由句意可知，此處指“對她不抱任何希望”，故答案為C。 【即境活用】 ★11.He pretended to be a German，but his Swedish accent gave himself________. A．a(chǎn)way B．up C．off D．out 解析：選A?？疾間ive的固定短語。句意：他假裝是德國人，但他的瑞典口音使他暴露了?！氨┞丁睉?yīng)用give away。give up指“放棄”；give off 指“放出，發(fā)出”；give out指“發(fā)出，分發(fā)”。 句型梳理 ①【教材原句】　Now I work in a centre for drug addicts，helping others to stop taking drugs.(P13) 現(xiàn)在，我在一個戒毒中心工作，幫助其他吸毒者戒毒。 【句法分析】　本句中的helping others to stop taking drugs是v.ing形式在句子中作狀語，表示方式或伴隨情況。 ①The little girl stood there，crying for milk. 這個小女孩站在那兒，哭著要牛奶喝。 ②He worked late into the night，preparing an important report. 他工作到深夜，在準備一個重要的報告。 ③The teacher stood at the entrance，blocking the children’s way. 老師站在入口處，擋住了孩子們的路。 ★12.(2010年高考四川卷)The lawyer listened with full attention，________to miss any point. A．not trying　　　　　 B．trying not C．to try not D．not to try 解析：選B。句意：這名律師全神貫注地聽，盡力不錯過任何要點。本題考查非謂語動詞作伴隨狀語。不定式作狀語時和前面的部分如用逗號隔開，表示意想不到的或事與愿違的結(jié)果，不定式前通常加only或never，所以動詞不定式在結(jié)構(gòu)和題意上都不符合本題的要求，D項被排除；A、C兩項結(jié)構(gòu)錯誤，也被排除。 【即境活用】 13．(2010年高考重慶卷) The news shocked the public，________to great concern about students’ safety at school. A．having led　　　　　 B．led C．leading D．to lead 解析：選C。句意：這條新聞使廣大民眾感到很震驚，引起了人們對在校學(xué)生安全的擔(dān)憂。考查非謂語動詞作結(jié)果狀語。首先排除B和D兩項； having done指動作先于謂語動詞發(fā)生，在此不符合語境，故只能選擇C。 ② 【教材原句】　Whatever you’re doing when you want to smoke—do something else！(P19) 無論你在做什么，當你想抽煙時，做點別的事吧！ 【句法分析】　考查whatever的用法。(1)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，在從句中作主語或賓語，其含義相當于no matter what，意為“無論，不管”，其位置可在主句前，也可在主句后。 (2)引導(dǎo)名詞性從句(賓語從句或主語從句)，可看作是what的強調(diào)說法，其含義相當于anything that 或all that，whatever在句中起雙重作用，既起先行詞與關(guān)系代詞的作用，又在從句中作主語、賓語等。 (3)however/whenever/wherever只引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，相當于no matter how/when/where引導(dǎo)的從句。 (4)whoever/whichever同whatever一樣，既能引導(dǎo)狀語從句也能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。 ①Whatever he did，his parents supported him. ＝No matter what he did，his parents supported him. 不管他做什么，他父母都支持他。 ②I don’t believe whatever he said. 我不相信他說的一切。 ③I’ll take whatever help I can get. 任何幫助我都接受。 14．(2010年高考浙江卷)—How about camping this weekend，just for a change? —OK，________you want. A．whichever　　　　　　 B．however C．whatever D．whoever 解析：選C。句意：“這個周末我們換一下去野營怎么樣??？”“好的。你想做什么就做什么?！贝鹫Z為省略句式，全句應(yīng)為：OK，whatever you want to do.whichever 不論哪個；however無論怎樣；whatever無論什么，不管什么；whoever不論是誰。 【即境活用】 ★15.The lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit ________the season. A．whatever　　　　　　 B．wherever C．whenever D．however 解析：選A。句意：無論什么季節(jié)，這位律師除了一套西裝以外，很少穿其他的(衣服)。whatever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，whatever the season即whatever the season is。wherever無論什么地方；whenever無論什么時候；however無論怎樣，均不符合語境要求。 111