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111 高考英語一輪單元總復習講義精品薈萃外研版必修五Module 5 知識詳解 1.perform　vt.　做；執(zhí)行；履行；表演；正式進行；實施(某事) vi.　表演；表現(xiàn)；(機器)運轉(zhuǎn) (回歸課本P42)He was disappointed because he had not performed well in the 1988 Seoul Olympics. 他感到很失望，因為他在1988年的首爾奧運會上表現(xiàn)得不好。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①The young doctor performed the heart operation. 這位年輕醫(yī)生為病人做了心臟手術(shù)。 ②Our team performed well in the match yesterday. 我們隊在昨天的比賽中表現(xiàn)得很出色。 ③They will give a performance/put on performances at the theatre.他們將在那家劇院演出。 【即境活用】 1.How teachers ________ in their classes has a strong influence on the growth of the students. A．played　　　　　　　　 B．showed C．thought D．performed 解析：選D。句意“教師在課堂上的表現(xiàn)如何對學生的成長有重大影響”。 2．No matter how many times ________，Shakespear’s works are always welcomed. A．performing B．performed C．being performed D．having performed 解析：選B。此處是省略句，用過去分詞表示被動，相當于狀語從句No matter how many times they’re performed.。 2.advantage　n．　[C；U]優(yōu)勢，優(yōu)點，長處，有利條件 (回歸課本P42)．..and they had a major advantage over their better-known rivals—they were cheaper. ……他們和對手相比有個明顯的優(yōu)勢——產(chǎn)品更便宜。 【歸納總結(jié)】 have an advantage over sb./sth. 比……占有優(yōu)勢 have the advantage of (doing) sth. 有……優(yōu)點 take advantage of sb./sth. 利用…… to sb.’s advantage/to the advantage of sb. 對某人有利 be at an advantage 占優(yōu)勢 (反)disadvantage n. 不利條件 【例句探源】 ①Her teaching experience gave her a big advantage over the other applicants for the job. 她的教學經(jīng)歷使她比起其他求職者具有更大的優(yōu)勢。 ②Yao Ming has an advantage over other players in playing basketball.姚明在打籃球方面比其他選手更有優(yōu)勢。 ③This method has the advantage of saving a lot of fuel. 這個方法有節(jié)省很多燃料的優(yōu)點。 ④(朗文P27)Don’t lend them the car—they’re taking advantage of you！不要把汽車借給他們——他們在利用你！ ⑤The lawyer’s letter said she would hear something to her advantage if she contacted him. 律師的信上說，如果她同他聯(lián)絡，她會聽到對她有利的消息。 ⑥(朗文P30)Applicants with computer skills will be at an advantage.具有電腦技能的申請者會優(yōu)先考慮。 【即境活用】 3．(日照模擬)You will be at a(n)________ if you have thought about the interview questions in advance in application for a job. A．favor　　　　　　　B．a(chǎn)dvantage C．benefit D．profit 解析：選B?？疾槊~辨析。at an advantage“有利地”。句意“在申請工作時，事先考慮一下面試的問題將對你有利?！? 4.Haven’t you learned of the advantage you should ________ others’ week points in order to win the match? A．make on B．make of C．have to D．take of 解析：選D。此處you should________是定語從句，take的賓語就是先行詞advantage，因引導詞作賓語而省略了。 3.guarantee　vt.　保證，擔保，保障，確保，為……作擔保 n．　保證，擔保，保修單，抵押品 (回歸課本P42)Success for Li Ning was guaranteed，and it came quickly. 李寧的成功之處就在于保質(zhì)包換，而且反饋迅速。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①(朗文P868)Take this opportunity，and I guarantee you won’t regret it.抓住這個機會吧，我保證你不會后悔的。 ②(牛津P905)There’s no guarantee that she’ll come. 不能保證她一定來。 ③We guarantee to deliver your goods within a week. 我們保證一周內(nèi)交貨。 ④(朗文P868)The television comes with a two-year guarantee. 這臺電視有兩年的保修期。 ⑤(朗文P868)Your watch will be repaired free if it’s still under guarantee.你的手表在保修期內(nèi)可享受免費修理。 【即境活用】 5.They are demanding certain ________ before they sign the treaty. A．guarantees　　　　　B．promise C．words D．insurance 解析：選A。guarantee在這里用作名詞，意為“抵押物，擔保物”。B項為“允諾”；C項為“話，詞”；D項為“保險”。只有A項符合句意。 6．Goods in this supermarket are honestly sold with money-back ________ against poor quality within a month. A．proof B．certainty C．insurance D．guarantee 解析：選D。句意：這個超級市場上的物品一個月內(nèi)因質(zhì)量問題保證退款。 4.declare 　vt.　宣告；宣布；宣稱；聲明；申報 (回歸課本P49)The Americans protested and in the end the American runner was declared the winner. 美國人提出抗議，最終那位美國選手被宣布獲勝。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①Jones was declared the winner of the fight. 瓊斯被宣布為拳擊賽的優(yōu)勝者。 ②(朗文P487)The doctor finally declared that the man was dead.醫(yī)生最終宣布該男子死亡。 ③In September 1939，Britain declared war on Germany after Germany invaded Poland. 1939年9月，英國在德國入侵波蘭后向德國宣戰(zhàn)。 ④(牛津P518)Do you have anything to declare? 你有什么要申報的嗎？ 【易混辨析】 declare，announce (1)declare指正式、明確地向公眾“宣布；宣告；聲明”，側(cè)重當眾發(fā)表，多用于宣戰(zhàn)、議和、宣判等。 (2)announce指正式地“公開；發(fā)表；宣布”，側(cè)重“預告”人們所關(guān)心或感興趣的事情，尤指新聞之類的消息。另外，該詞還有“預示；顯示；顯露”之意。 ①The court declared that Brown’s case should be reviewed. ②The government announced that the danger was past. 【即境活用】 7.In 1938，Hitler ________ war against Poland，which started the Second World War. A．declared　　　　　　　 B．a(chǎn)nnounced C．broadcast D．a(chǎn)dvertised 解析：選A。句意：1938年，希特勒對波蘭宣戰(zhàn)，開始了第二次世界大戰(zhàn)。declare多用于表示“宣戰(zhàn)，宣告”，符合題意。announce“公開宣布，斷言”；broadcast“廣播，播音”；advertise“做廣告”。 8．(淄博二模)The headmaster will ________ a speech to the visiting foreign guests this afternoon. A．deliver B．a(chǎn)ddress C．a(chǎn)nnounce D．declare 解析：選A。本題考查動詞辨析。deliver a speech發(fā)表演講；address sb. 給某人發(fā)表演講；announce和declare都不能和speech連用。 5.on the increase　正在增加 (回歸課本P42)The number of young people with money to spend was on the increase—and sport had never been so popular. 有錢消費的年輕人的數(shù)量在增加，而體育運動也變得前所未有地普及。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①At present，the number of young people who smoke is on the increase.目前吸煙的年輕人的數(shù)量正在增加。 ②(牛津P263)He is away on business.他出差去了。 ③Tickets for the performance are on sale at the box office. 演出的票正在售票處銷售。 ④I met her while I was on leave.我休假時遇見了她。 ⑤(朗文P589)Helen is on night duty all next week. 下個星期海倫全都是值夜班。 【即境活用】 9．完成句子 With the production ________________________(增長了50%)，our factory will have another harvest this year. 答案：increasing by 50% 6.be up to sb.　由……決定，是……的責任 (回歸課本P48)The choice is up to you，means you must decide.這個選擇“取決于你”，意思是你必須決定。 【歸納總結(jié)】 【例句探源】 ①It’s not up to you to tell me how to do my job. 還輪不到你來告訴我怎么做我的工作。 ②The temperature went up to 35°C. 氣溫上升到了35攝氏度。 ③I’m afraid the play won’t be up to our expectations. 我擔心該劇達不到我們預期的效果。 ④He’s not really up to the job.他并不能真正勝任這項工作。 ⑤Up to now，she has written four books. 到目前為止，她已經(jīng)寫了四部書了。 ⑥The children are very quiet；I wonder what they are up to. 孩子們現(xiàn)在很安靜，我不知道他們在搗什么鬼。 【即境活用】 10．(重慶二模)—What would you like to do？Doing shopping or going to the cinema? —________.Whatever you want to do is fine with me. A．All right　　　　　　B．It’s up to you C．Glad to hear that D．It just depends 解析：選B。從后面一句話的意思分析，對我來說，無論你做什么都行，所以去哪里“由你來定”。 11.—Putting on a happy face not only helps us make friends but also makes us feel better. —________. A．I’d love to B．I’m with you on that C．It’s up to you D．It’s my pleasure 解析：選B。句意：——露出笑臉不僅有助于我們交友，而且還使我們心情愉快?！彝饽隳且稽c。B項表示同意對方的觀點。A項表示欣然接受邀請；C項表示由你來決定；D項是回答感謝。on關(guān)于；that指上文。 句型梳理 1.【教材原句】　But even though he had won everything it was possible to win in his sport，Li Ning retired with the feeling that he had failed.(P42) 但即使是已經(jīng)贏得了在自己運動項目上所能贏得的一切，李寧還是帶著一種失敗的感覺退了役。 【句法分析】　(1)even if和even though引導的讓步狀語從句，常用一般時代替將來時。 ①Even though you disagree with her，she’s worth listening to. 盡管你不同意她的意見，但她的意見還是值得聽一聽。 ②He won’t go to the cinema even if he has nothing else to do.即使沒有其他事要做，他也不會去電影院。 (2)even if和even though后面也可接分詞。與句子主語是主動關(guān)系時，用現(xiàn)在分詞；是被動關(guān)系時，用過去分詞。如： ③Even though falling behind，I still have confidence in myself. 即使我落后了，也仍然對自己有信心。 ④I wouldn’t like to attend his party even if invited. 我不會參加他的宴會，即使被邀請。 【即境活用】 12.Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice，________ they knew it to be valuable. A．a(chǎn)s if　　　　　　　B．now that C．even though D．so that 解析：選C?？疾樽尣綘钫Z從句。as if好像，引導方式狀語從句；now that既然，引導原因狀語從句；even though即使，盡管，引導讓步狀語從句，so that前有逗號時意為“以致，結(jié)果”，引導結(jié)果狀語從句，句意為：他們中許多人對他的建議充耳不聞，盡管知道很有價值。 13．Better take a book ________ you have to wait，for it’s always the case that every bank has a long queue for banking. A．in case B．even if C．a(chǎn)s long as D．a(chǎn)s if 解析：選A。句意“最好帶著本書，以免萬一你得等待，在銀行辦業(yè)務總會要排長隊。”in case“萬一”；even if“即使”；as long as“只要”；as if“好像”。 2.【教材原句】　If you go into a school or university anywhere，the chances are you will see students in Li Ning tracksuits with the familiar logo.(P42) 如果你走進任何一個地方的中學或大學校園，都有可能看到身穿印有那個熟悉標志的李寧運動服的學生們。 【句法分析】　(1)the chances are (that)．..該句型意思是“很可能……”，that后面跟表語從句，與It is likely/possible that...意思相近。 ①The chances are that she will pass the exam. 她很可能會通過這次考試。 ②Chances are that man will eventually land on Mars. 人類有可能最終登陸火星。 (2)there’s a /no chance that...有可能/沒有可能…… ③There’s no chance that he will change his mind. 他不可能改變主意。 ④There is a slim chance of success for the football team in the final.這只足球隊在決賽中獲勝的機會非常小。 ⑤(牛津P315)If I do chance to find out where she is，I’ll inform you immediately. 要是我真的碰巧發(fā)現(xiàn)她的行蹤，會立即通知你的。 ⑥(牛津P315)They chanced to be staying at the same hotel. ＝It chanced (that) they were staying at the same hotel. 碰巧他們住在同一家旅館。 【即境活用】 14．—Would you like to book a four o’clock flight? —What chance ________ of taking an earlier plane? A．there is　　　　　　B．is it C．there it is D．is there 解析：選D。此處是There is a chance of doing sth.的疑問形式。 15.The player is under good treatment and the ________ are that he will recover from his injury in time for the next game. A．opportunities B．occasions C．chances D．conditions ?解析：選C。句意為：這個球員正在接受良好的治療，他有可能將及時擺脫傷病參加下一場比賽。The chances are that...為固定句型，意為“有可能……”；opportunities意為“機遇，時機”；occasions意為“時刻，場合”；conditions意為“條件，情況”，均不符合題意。 16.________ is no possibility ________ Bob will win the first prize in the match. A．That；that B．There；that C．There；whether D．It；whether 解析：選B?？疾楣潭ň涫健here is (no)possibility that...表示“(沒)有……的可能”。句意為：鮑勃不可能在這次比賽中獲得第一名。此處possibility相當于chance。 111