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1、2013高考英語二輪專題思路點撥及增分訓(xùn)練—閱讀理解08 【考點定位】 2013考綱解讀和近幾年考點分布 高考對說明文的考查多為科普說明文，它是閱讀理解重要內(nèi)容，也是高考考查難點?？破疹悺伴喿x理解”題愈來愈受到命題者的青睞?而科普類文章往往具有跨學(xué)科?行文邏輯性強等特點,要求考生能從文章的整體邏輯以及重要細節(jié)上全面把握? 【試題特點】 ① 注重學(xué)科滲透,行文邏輯性強,內(nèi)容抽象? ② 貼近學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)?生活實際,有利于激發(fā)學(xué)生的思維,對選拔優(yōu)秀考生有一定的作用? ③ 能全面地考查學(xué)生的綜合閱讀能力和運用所學(xué)知識去分析?解決實際問題的能力? (4)科學(xué)方法

2、圖示判斷題 科普說明文常出現(xiàn)科學(xué)方法圖示判斷題，這種試題或以生物依賴關(guān)系為命題題點，要求考生判斷正確的生物依賴關(guān)系；或以工藝流程為命題題點，要求考生判斷正確的流程順序，或以生產(chǎn)方法為命題題點，要求考生判斷正確的生產(chǎn)方法；或以機械配制為命題題點，要求考生判斷正確的機械配制。解題時一定要認真閱讀分析原文對生物依賴關(guān)系、發(fā)明創(chuàng)造誕生過程和工藝流程過程的介紹，并且邊讀邊畫簡易草圖，以提高理解準(zhǔn)確率。分析備選項時應(yīng)對照原文介紹情況，找出各圖不同之處，以便最終做出正確判斷。 【考點pk】 名師考點透析 考點一、細節(jié)事實理解。 一篇文章必然是由許多具體的細節(jié)、具體的內(nèi)容構(gòu)成的，所有這些信息以

3、某種順序（時間、空間、情感變化等）排列起來，來進一步解釋或闡釋主題，體現(xiàn)文章的主旨大意。 細節(jié)理解題目主要考查學(xué)生對文章具體事實和細節(jié)的理解能力，屬于表層理解題范疇，難度較小，但在整個閱讀理解題中所占比例最大，細節(jié)理解題多從文章的某個具體事實或細節(jié)出發(fā)來設(shè)計題目。 此類題通常根據(jù)文章具體內(nèi)容來設(shè)問，也常使用下列方式來提問 1.Which of the following statements is(not) true/correct? 2.Which of the following is not mentioned? 3.All of the following are

4、true except... 4.According to the passage,when/where/why/how/how/what/which,etc...？ 1.直接事實題 在解答這類問題時要求學(xué)生抓住題干文字信息，采用針對性方法進行閱讀，因為這類題的答案在文章中可以直接找到。 如： A giant dam was built many years ago to control the Colorado River in the U.S.This dam was built to protect the land and houses around the river.

5、 This huge dam is in the Black Canyon.It is possible to drive a car from one side of the river to the other on a road，which is on the top of the dam.This dam is so big that there is an elevator inside.The elevator goes down forty-four stories from the road to the bottom.There is enough concrete in t

6、his dam to build a highway from New York to San Francisco.Thousands of people worked on this dam for five years. This huge dam was called Boulder Dam when it was finished in 1936.Later it was renamed Hoover Dam in honor of a president of the United States.Hoover Dam，one of the highest dams in the w

7、orld，is situated between the states of Arizona and Nevada. Q：Hoover Dam lies______ . A.between Arizna and Nevada B.in the Black Canyon C.between New York and San Francisco D.both A and B 【解析】由第二段的第一句話和最后一段的最后一句話可得出正確答案是D項。 2.間接事實題 解答此類題，需要結(jié)合上下文提供的語境和信息進行簡單的概括和判斷或者要進行簡單的計算。 Invited by Mr.Ye

8、 Huixian，host of the well-received TV programme“Stars Tonight”，Miss Luo Lin，Miss Asia of 1991，appeared as the guest hostess on the Shanghai TV screen last Sunday. Born in Shanghai and taken to Hongkong when she was only six years old，Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia.Her childhood dream

9、was to be an air hostess.Before she took part in the competition，she had been an airhostess in Cathay Airline for seven years.However， it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage，dancing,singing,making-up and other proper manners，designed by the Asia TV Station. “It’s re

10、ally a hard job for me.I won’t enter for such competition any more.Anyhow，I am quite lucky.I am also glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare since I won the title.This time，in Shanghai，I’d love to make a deep impression on my TV audience，”said Luo Lin with a sweet smile. Q：Which

11、 of the following is NOT true? A.Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai. B.Luo Lin moved to Hongkong with her parents. C.Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991. D.Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia. 【解析】A、C和D項都可在原文找到答案，而B項原文所給的是：taken to Hongkong可判斷不是moved to Hongkong with her pare

12、nts，因此選B。 3、數(shù)據(jù)推算。 If you register both the VIEW qualification course and the Forum at the same time,you will save_______ . 二、此類題的設(shè)問方式 1.What would be the best title for the text? 2.What does the second paragraph mainly discuss? 3.What is the passage mainly about? 4.The main purpose of an

13、nouncing the above events is__________. 考點三、推理推斷。 推理題要求考生根據(jù)文章提供的事實和線索進行邏輯推理，推斷出作者沒有提到或者沒有明說的事實或者可能發(fā)生的事實。這類題旨在考查學(xué)生透過詞語的字面意義去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，屬于深層理解題。 此類題的設(shè)問常常包括infer,imply,suggest,conclude 等詞，這類題的設(shè)問方式主要有： 1.We can infer from the Passage that__________. 2.What can be inferred from the Passag

14、e? 3.Which of the following can be inferred from the Passage? 4.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that__________. 5.The author suggests in this paragraph that__________. 6.The writer implies that__________. 7.It can be inferred that__________. 8.It can be concluded from the Passage th

15、at__________. 9.On the whole,we can conclude that__________. 10.From the text we can conclude that__________. 11.After reading the Passage we may conclude that__________. 12.What conclusion can be drawn from the Passage? 13.The author is inclined to think that__________. 14.When the wri

16、ter talks about,what he really means is that__________. 15.What’s the writer’s attitude/feeling towards...? 16.In the writer’s opinion,... 考點四、詞義、句義猜測。 詞義猜測閱讀理解題考查對文中關(guān)鍵詞語的理解。在閱讀理解題中，所考查的詞或短語的意義往往不停留在字面上，要根據(jù)語境來判斷。 此類題的設(shè)問方式主要有 1.The word “...”in Line...means/can be replaced by... 2.As use

17、d in the passage,the phrase “...”suggests... 3.From the passage,we can infer that the word/phrase “...” is/referred to... 4.The word “...” is closest in meaning to...猜詞是應(yīng)用英語的重要能力，也是高考中常用的題型。它不但需要準(zhǔn)確無誤地理解上下文，而且要有較大的泛讀量，掌握或認識較多的課外詞匯。我們要學(xué)會“順藤摸瓜”，通過構(gòu)詞、語法、定義、同位、對比、因果、常識、上下文等線索確定詞義。 1.定義法。如: Annealin

18、g is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. 句子給予annealing 以明確的定義，即 “退火”。 It will be very hard but also very brittle—that is,it will break easily. 從后面的解釋中我們可以了解到brittle 是“脆”的意思。 The herdsman,who looks after sheep，earns about 650 yuan a year. 定語從句中 looks

19、after sheep 就表明了 herdsman 的詞義為“牧人”。 2.同位法。如: They traveled a long way and at last got to a castle,a large building in old times. 同位語部分a large building in old times 給出了 castle 的確切詞義，即“城堡”。 We are on the night shift—from midnight to 8 a.m.—this week. 兩個破折號之間的短語很清楚地表明night shift 是“夜班”的意思。 3.對比法。如

20、: She is usually prompt for all her class,but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. but一詞表轉(zhuǎn)折，因此but 前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是“她今天第一節(jié)上了一半才來”，因此反向推理，可得出她平時一向“準(zhǔn)時”的結(jié)論。 4.構(gòu)詞法(前綴、后綴、復(fù)合、派生等)。如: Perhaps,we can see some possibilities for next fifty years.But the next hundred? possibility 是 possible

21、的同根名詞,據(jù)此可以判斷定 possibility 意思是“可能性”。 5.因果法。如： The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken.Sometimes the weakness was permanent.So the player could never play the sport again. 從后面的結(jié)果“永遠不能再運動”中，可以推測 permanent 的意思為“永遠的，永久”。 How to Save on Sightseeing New York City Attractions With so ma

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