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1、Oct 21st ,2012 1st 1名詞 名詞復(fù)數(shù)變化 一、可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的區(qū)別 　　普通名詞所表示的人或事物是可以按個數(shù)計算的，這類名詞叫可數(shù)名詞?？蓴?shù)名詞分為個體名詞（表示某類人或事物中的個體，如worker, farmer, desk, factory等）和集體名詞（表示作為一個整體來看的一群人或一些事物，如people,　family 等）。如果普通名詞所表示的事物是不能按個數(shù)來計算的，這類名詞就叫不可數(shù)名詞。不可數(shù)名詞分為物質(zhì)名詞（表示無法分為個體的物質(zhì)，如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等）和抽象名詞（表示動作、狀態(tài)、情

2、況、品質(zhì)等抽象概念，如work, homework, time, health, friendship等）。 名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化 1) 一般情況加 –s：map-maps boy-boys girl-girls pen-pens bag-bags car-cars 2) 以s, sh, ch, x結(jié)尾加 –es, 例如：bus-buses watch-watches box-boxes brush-brushes 3) 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾,變y 為i再加es baby---babies city-cities country-countries 　特例：mon

3、key---monkeys　holiday---holidays　toy—toys boy—boys day--days 4) 以o結(jié)尾的名詞，變復(fù)數(shù)時： 　 ①加es, tomatoes potatoes ②加s, photos pianos radios 5）） 以f或fe 結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時： 　　a. 加s，如： belief---beliefs　roof---roofs safe---safes　gulf---gulfs； 　　b. 去f或e 加ves，如：half---halves　knife---knives　leaf---leaves　wolf--

4、-wolves 　　 wife---wives　life---lives　 thief---thieves； 　　特例：handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。 名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化 1） child---children　foot---feet　tooth---teeth man---men woman---women mouse---mice 2） 單復(fù)數(shù)同形，如deer，sheep，fish，Chinese（中國人），Japanese（日本人）people 不可數(shù)名詞 不可

5、數(shù)名詞是指不能以數(shù)目來計算，不可以分成個體的概念、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情或表示物質(zhì)材料的東西；它一般沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，只有單數(shù)形式，它的前面不能用不定冠詞a / an。 常用不可數(shù)名詞 具體名詞： baggage 行李 bread 面包 beer 啤酒　　cloth 布 coffee 咖啡 cream 奶油 dust 塵土　　furniture 家具　　glass 玻璃 gold 黃金　hair 頭發(fā) 　ice 冰 　jam 果醬 juice 飲料　 luggage 行李　　money 金錢 oil 油　paper 紙　 soap 肥皂　steak 牛排 stone 石頭　tea

6、茶 water 水　weather 天氣 wind 風(fēng)　　wine 葡萄酒 wood 木頭 advice 忠告／主意 抽象名詞：work 工作 beauty 美麗，漂亮 damage 損害 death 死亡 experience 經(jīng)驗 help 幫助 hope 希望 horror 恐懼　 information 消息／信息 knowledge 知識 courage 勇氣 news新聞 一、請寫出下列詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式的請劃出 / city _____ _zoo ______country _____ tooth ____ mous

7、e ____ boy___________ broom ___________ car tree _____horse _____ bus___________ fox _____ branch _____ baby _____ family _____ country _____ radio _____ photo _____ piano _____ knife _____ leaf _____ life _____ thief

8、 _____ _ man _____ woman _ _____ child ___ foot this _____________ watch___________ ?people????????????????????? day____________?book__________?dress____________??sheep___________tea_____________ box___________???strawberry_________? ?yo-yo___________ peach_________

9、sandwich_________ paper_________?juice__________water____________?? milk___________?rice__________?????CD ???????????????ox___________ deer____________ fish_______________ diary____________ 二、單項選擇 ( )1. The __ in our yard are very beautiful. 　　 A. cloth　 B. water　　C. flowers ( )2. Tom is

10、one of the Chinese _____ in our school. 　　 A. boy　　　　 B. boys　　　 C. boies ( )3. A cat has four ____ , doesn't it? 　　 A. foots　　　 B. feet　　　　 C. feets ( )4. There are three ____ and five _____ in the room. A. American, Japanese B Americans, Japanese C. American, Janpaneses ( )5. Can y

11、ou see nine ____ in the picture? 　　 A. fish　　　　 B. book　　　 C. horse ( )6. The _____ has two______. A. boy; watch　　 B. boy; watches　　C. boys; watch ( )7. The _____ are flying back to their country. A. Germany　　B. Germanys　 C. Germans ( )8. The girl brushes her _____ every day before he g

12、oes to bed. 　A. tooths　　 B. teeth　　C. teeths ( )9.I saw many _____ in the street. Apeoples B.people C.people’s ( )10.The green sweater is his _________. A.brother B.brothers C.brother’s 三、選擇填空 ( )1. They come from different ______ A. country B. countries C. a cou

13、ntry D. countrys ( )2. How many ______ do you see in the picture? A. tomatos B. tomatoes C. tomato D. the tomato ( )3. They are______. A . woman teachers B. women teachers C. women teacher D. woman teacher ( )4. Would you like _______ ,please? A. two gl

14、ass of water B. two glasses of water C. two glass of watersD. two glasses of waters ( )6. There are some ______ in these _______. A. knifes pencil-boxesB. knives pencils-box C. knives pencil-boxD. knives pencils-boxes ( )7. ______ like ______ by air. A. Greens, travelling

15、 B. The Green, traveling C. The Greens, travel D. The Greens, traveling ( )8. I wonder why ______ are interested in action films(武打片). A. the people B. people C. peoples D. the peoples ( )9. There is no ______ in the plate. A. apples B. oranges C. rice D. eggs

16、 ( )10.My uncle has three _______. A.child B.childs C.children D.childrens 四.填入所給名詞的正確形式 1. I have two____________ (knife) 2. There are many ___________ here. (box) 3. There are many ___________ on the road. (bus) 4. A few ___________ are drawing on the wall. (boy) 5. The _________

17、_____ are playing football now. (child) 6. Please take two _______________ for me. (photo) 7. I like the red ________________.(tomato) 8. Would you please clean your _____________ now? (tooth) 9. Do you want some ___________? (milk) 10. There are ten ___________________in our school. (woman tea

18、cher) 　五、名詞可數(shù)不可數(shù)“六注意” 1、可數(shù)名詞前可用具體的數(shù)詞來表示具體的數(shù)量。如：two apples, four books等。不可數(shù)名詞前通常用"單位詞+of"來表示數(shù)量。如： a piece of paper, three pieces of paper等。 2、可數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與主語的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。如： 　　This picture is very beautiful. 這幅畫很美。 　　不可數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式，但是不可數(shù)名詞前有復(fù)數(shù)"單位詞"時，謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： 　　There are two cups

19、of tea on the table. 桌上有兩杯茶。 　　3、對可數(shù)名詞前的修飾語提問用how many; 對不可數(shù)名詞前的修飾語提問用how much。 如： 　　How many apples are there in the box?盒子里有多少個蘋果？ 　　How much tea is there in the cup?杯里有多少茶水？ 　　注意：對不可數(shù)名詞前的"單位詞"的修飾語提問時，疑問詞用how many。 如： 　　How many pieces of bread are there on the plate?盤子里有多少片面包？ ??? 量詞 a

20、piece of 一塊 一張 一片 a loaf of 一個 a bar of 一條 a bottle of 一瓶 a pound of 一磅 a tin of 一聽 a quarter of 四分之一 2代詞 請在此處畫上代詞表： 1 .人稱代詞：主格、賓格（動前主格、動后賓，be前主格介后賓） 2 .物主代詞：形代、名代 3 .反身代詞：。。。自己 4 .指示代詞：單數(shù)（this / that）和復(fù)數(shù)（these / those） 5 .疑問代

21、詞：what, who, whose, whom, which, when。（疑問副詞when, where, how, why） 6 .不定代詞some（something，somebody，someone），any（anything，anybody，anyone）， no（nothing，nobody，no one）， every（everything，everybody，everyone，），all，each，both，much，many，（a）little，（a）few，other（s），another，none，one，either， neither等。一般來講，修飾不定代詞的詞要

22、置于其后。 形容詞性物主代詞只能作定語，后面要接名詞。而名詞性物主代詞在句中作主語、賓語或表語，它后面再不接名詞。它們的關(guān)系為： 名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞。 Ⅰ .單項選擇(選自各地中考題) ( )1 .I met Kate on way home yesterday .(北京海淀區(qū)) A .my B .me C .his D .him ( )2 .This is ruler .(北京西城區(qū)) A .my B .mine C .I D .me ( )3 .A : pencil-bo

23、x is this ,Patrick ? B :It’s .(上海) A .Whose ;mine B .Who’s ;mine C .Whose ;my D .Who’s ;my ( )4 .Kate and her sister went on holiday with a classmate of .(黑龍江) A .her B .hers C .their D .theirs ( )5.—Is this dictionary or ? —It’s mine .(內(nèi)蒙古) A

24、.your ;hers B .yours ;her C .your ;her D .yours ;hers ( )6 .The pen is .She wrote name with it .(甘肅) A .hers ;her ;herself B .her ;hers ;her C .her ;hers ;herself D .her ;herself ;hers ( )7 .Can I borrow pencil ? is broken .(河北) A .you ;My B .y

25、our ;Me C .your ;Mine D .your ;My ( )8 .These are cups . are over there .(河南) A .our ;Yours B .yours ;Mine C .his ;Our D .their ;Your ( )9 . schoolbag is much better than .(山西) A .Her ;me B .Hers ;my C .Hers ;mine D .Her ;mine ( )10 .—Oh ,there is someone

26、in the room . — must be my mother .(安徽) A .There B .She C .This D .It ( )11 .—Which of these two sweaters will you take ? —I’ll take .They look nearly the same ,and I just need one .(江西) A .both B .either C .none D .all ( )12 .—Which of your parents is a doctor ? —

27、 are .(天津) A .Any B .Either C .Both D .Neither ( )13 .He has two basketballs .One is new , is old .(北京海淀區(qū)) A .the other B .other C .the others D .others ( )14 .He has two sisters .One is a doctor , is a teacher .(內(nèi)蒙古) A .another B .the other C .other D .oth

28、ers ( )15 .I have two sons ,but of them lives with me .(河北) A .all B .both C .neither D .few ( )16 .I have bought a new watch because my old doesn’t work .(重慶) A .it B .one C .that D .this ( )17 .—Can you speak Russian ? —Yes ,but only .(廈門) A .

29、little B .a little C .few D .a few ( )18 .—What would you like to have ,tea or milk ? — .I’d like to have a glass of water .(杭州) A .Each B .Neither C .Either D .Both ( )19 .My car was broken and I didn’t know to do .(杭州) A .what B .which C .when D .how

30、 ( )20 .—Is here ? —No .Jack and Tom have gone to the library .(湖北黃岡) A .anybody B .nobody C .everybody D .all 【綜合能力訓(xùn)練】 Ⅱ .按括號中提示意思完成下列句子。 1 .They are (我的) flowers .Please give (它們) to (我) . 2 .Is this map (你的) ?No ,it’s (他的) .That one is

31、 (我的) . 3 .I can hear (一些，什么) ,but I can’t see (一些，什么) . 4 .He says to (自己) ,“I can’t do it by (自己)” . 5 . (都) of us are students , (都) of the twins are workers . 3形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級 一、形容詞、副詞的比較級

32、和最高級的構(gòu)成規(guī)則 　　1．一般單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)以-er，-ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，比較級在后面加-er，最高級在后面加-est； 　　（1）單音節(jié)詞 　　如：small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest 　　 tall→taller→tallest great→greater→greatest 　?。?）雙音節(jié)詞 　　如：clever→cleverer→cleverest narrow→narrower→narrowest 　　2．以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞，比較在原級后加-r，最高級在原級后加-st； 　　如：large→lar

33、ger→largest nice→nicer→nicest able→abler→ablest 　　3．在重讀閉音節(jié)（即：輔音＋元音＋輔音）中，先雙寫末尾的輔音字母，比較級加-er，最高級加-est； 　　如：big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest 　　4．以“輔音字母＋y”結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞， 把y改為i，比較級加-er，最高級加-est； 　　如：easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest 　　 busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→h

34、appiest 　　5．其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞，比較級在前面加more，最高級在前面加most； 　　如：beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful 　　different→more different→most different 　　easily→more easily→most easily 　　注意：（1）形容詞最高級前通常必須用定冠詞 the，副詞最高級前可不用。 　　例句： The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. 　　（2） 形容詞most前面沒有the，不表示最高級的含義，

35、只表示"非常"。 　　It is a most important problem. 　　=It is a very important problem. 　　6．有少數(shù)形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級是不規(guī)則的，必須熟記。 　　如：good→better→best well→better→best 　　 bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst 　　 old→older/elder→oldest/eldest 　　 many/much→more→most little→less→least 　　 far →further/farth

36、er→ furthest/farthest 　　二、形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級的用法 　　1．“A + be +形容詞比較級 + than + B” 意思為“A比B更……”。 　　如：This tree is taller than that one. 這棵樹比那棵樹高。 　　注意： 　?、?在含有連詞than的比較級中，前后的比較對象必須是同一范疇，即同類事物之間的比較。 　　②在比較級前面使用much，表示程度程度“強得多”。 　　如：A watermelon is much bigger than an apple. 　?、?very, quite一般只能修飾原級，

37、不能修飾比較級。 　　2．“比較級 + and + 比較級”或“more and more +原級”表示“越來越……” 　　如：It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes. 　　春天來了，天氣變得越來越暖和了。 　　It is getting cooler and cooler. 　　天氣越來越?jīng)鏊? 　　The wind became more and more heavily. 　　風(fēng)變得越來越大。 　　Our school is becoming more and more beautiful. 　　我們的學(xué)校變得

38、越來越美麗。 　　3．在含有or的選擇疑問句中，如果有兩者供選擇，前面的形容詞要用比較級形式。 　　如：Who is taller,Tim or Tom? 誰更高，Tim還是Tom? 　　4. “the +比較級……, the+比較級”，表示“越……越……”。 　　The more money you make, the more you spend. 　　錢你賺得越多，花得越多。 　　The sooner，the better. 　　越快越好。 　　5. 表示倍數(shù)的比較級用法： 　?、? A is …times the size /height/length/width

39、of B. 　　如：The new building is three times the height of the old one. 　　這座新樓比那座舊樓高三倍。(新樓是舊樓的四倍高) 　?、? A is …times as big /high/long/wide/large as B. 　　如：Asia is four times as large as Europe. 　　亞洲是歐洲的四倍大。(亞洲比歐洲大三倍) 　?、? A is …times larger /higher/longer/wider than B. 　　如：Our school is twice b

40、igger than yours. 　　我們學(xué)校比你們學(xué)校大兩倍。 　　6.形容詞、副詞的最高級形式主要用來表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比較，表示“最……”的意思。 　　句子中有表示范圍的詞或短語。如：of the three, in our class等等。 　　如：He is the tallest in our class. 　　他在我們班里是最高的。 　　 1. Which does Jimmy like _____ , Chinese or Art???? A. well B. best C. better D. much ? 2. The Chang

41、jiang River is one of _____? in the world. A. the longest river? B. longest rivers C. the longest rivers D. longer rivers ? 3.? _____ of the two women is Mrs Brown.???? A. The beautiful??? B. The more beautiful??? C. More beautiful??? D. The most beautiful ? 4. My mooncake is nicer _____ his.

42、???? A. like??? B. with??? C. for??? D. than ? 5. You are fatter than? _____ .?? A. he???? B. his???? C. him??? D. he is tall ? 6. He jumps? _____? of the three. A. far? B. further?? C. farthest?? D. furthest ? 7. My hair is longer than? _____? . A. my sister?? B. Kate?? C. my brother’

43、s??? D. Lucys’ ? 8. There are _____ paper here .Please bring some. A. little B. less C. fewer?? D. a little ? 9. The pen is _____? than that one.?? A. more cheap?? B. cheap C. much cheaper D. quite cheaper ? 10.Tom speaks Chinese? _____? better than Jimmy.?? A. more?? B. very?? C. a lot

44、of D. much ? 11.There are? _____? girls in Class Two than in Class Four.? A. more B. nicest C. most D. best ? 12.It’s too _____? for you to do that.?? A. easy B. more dangerous C. harder D. the easiest ? 13.Who has _____ apples now, Jim, Lily or Lucy? A. much B. biggest C. better D. the m

45、ost ? 14.You have more rulers than me. But? _____ are nicer than? _____ . A. mine, yours B. mine, your C. my, yours D. my, your ? 15.Tingting is _____? than Meimei, but Meimei is? _____? than Tingting. A. all, stronger?? B. taller, strongest C. tallest, strong?? D. taller, stronger ? 16.Moth

46、er is _____ in my family. A. busy B. busier C. the busiest D. more busy ? 17.There are? _____? in the park on Sunday. A. more children B. a lot of people?? C. much men and women D. many peoples ? 18.-This blue sweater is too big for me .-Will you please show me a _____ one? A. small??? B. sm

47、aller??? C. the smallest?? D. smallest ? 19.No one is _____ Mary in the class. A. so tallest as B. as taller as C. so high as D. so tall as ? 20. This bike is _____ than that one.?? A. twenty yuan dear??? B. twenty yuan dearer??? C. dear twenty yuan? D. dearer twenty yuan ? 二、用所給詞的適當形式填空

48、1.Your classroom is? _____?? (wide) and _____? (bright)? than ours. 2.There are??? _____ (few) hours of sunlight a day in winter than in summer. 3.Which do you like??? _____ (well) , maths or chemistry? 4.This is the???? _____ (good) film I have ever seen. 5.Africa is the second???? _____ (larg

49、e) continent.? 6.What he said made his mother much?? _____ (angry) . 7.I’m not as???? _____ (careful) as he. 8.We’ve got as???? _____ (many) books as we need.?? 9.Pratice as??? _____ (much) as you can. 10.They have done???? _____ (much) work with?? _____ (little) money. 11.You’re the? _____

50、 (kind) person I’ve ever met.???? 12.He is??? _____ (young) than his two sisters. 13.The????? _____ (old) I get, the????? _____ (strong) I seem to feel. 14.The weather is getting _____ (warm) and????? _____ (warm) . 15.Summer is? _____ (hot) season of the year. C-E 1我比他年輕。 2蘇珊比提姆聰明. 3周末比平時好。 4我是全班跑得最快的。 5西瓜比蘋果大。 9