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111 高考英語(yǔ)一輪單元總復(fù)習(xí)講義精品薈萃外研版必修四Module 6 知識(shí)詳解 1 claim　v．　聲稱(chēng)；主張；要求；索賠 　　 n．　斷言；權(quán)利；要求權(quán)；所有權(quán) (回歸課本P52)Although no one really got a clear look at the mysterious creature，Xue Junlin，a local photographer，claimed that its head looked like a horse.盡管沒(méi)有人看清楚過(guò)這個(gè)神秘的怪物，但當(dāng)?shù)匾晃粩z影師薛俊林聲稱(chēng)：怪物的頭看起來(lái)像馬頭。 11 歸納總結(jié) 例句探源 ①(朗文P318)They put in a claim on the insurance for the stolen luggage. 他們?cè)谛欣畋煌岛笙虮ｋU(xiǎn)公司提出索賠要求。 ②(朗文P318)Lost property can be claimed between 10 a．m. and 4 p．m.. 可于上午10點(diǎn)至下午4點(diǎn)之間認(rèn)領(lǐng)失物。 ③She claimed to have ever been met by the president. 她宣稱(chēng)曾被總統(tǒng)接見(jiàn)過(guò)。 ④The old man claimed the land.老人要求得到這塊土地。 易混辨析 claim，declare，announce claim 指通常并沒(méi)有證據(jù)的宣稱(chēng)。 declare 一般指在正式場(chǎng)合宣布官方的立場(chǎng)或態(tài)度等。 announce 泛指宣布某一消息或某事；預(yù)示著……的到來(lái)。 ①He claimed to have paid. ②The U．S. declared_war on England in 1812. ③Everyone was silent as he announced the list. 即境活用 1．Every citizen in a democratic country may________the protection of the law. A．declare　　　　　　 B．claim C．a(chǎn)sk D．a(chǎn)nnounce 解析：選B。句意為“民主國(guó)家的每一位公民都可以要求法律的保護(hù)”。claim(根據(jù)權(quán)利)對(duì)……提出要求；declare斷言，宣稱(chēng)；announce宣布，宣告，發(fā)表。 2.When I was a child，fishermen and sailors sometimes ________to have seen monsters in the sea. A．a(chǎn)ppeared B．published C．claimed D．happened 解析：選C。句意是：當(dāng)我還是個(gè)小孩子的時(shí)候，漁夫和水手有時(shí)聲稱(chēng)看到過(guò)海里的妖怪。此句要用claimed表示“聲稱(chēng)”。 2 fortune　n．　 運(yùn)氣；命運(yùn)；財(cái)富 (回歸課本P59)So the Chinese dragon was a bringer of good fortune. 因此，中國(guó)龍能帶來(lái)好運(yùn)氣。 歸納總結(jié) 例句探源 ①He won the game by good fortune. 他靠運(yùn)氣贏得了比賽。 ②These two brothers decided to go to America to seek their fortunes. 這兄弟倆決定去美國(guó)尋找致富之路。 ③Many people went to cities to make their fortune. 為了發(fā)財(cái)，很多人都去了城里。 ④He’s fortunate in having a good job，since business is bad nowadays. 他有一份好工作真幸運(yùn)，因?yàn)榻鼇?lái)生意不好做。 即境活用 3．I have had the good________to work with some experts. A．worth　　　　　　 B．fortune C．wealth D．reputation 解析：選B。該處強(qiáng)調(diào)與專(zhuān)家一起工作是幸運(yùn)的。worth“價(jià)值，財(cái)產(chǎn)”；wealth“財(cái)富，財(cái)產(chǎn)”；reputation“名譽(yù)”。 3 reputation　n．　名譽(yù)；名聲；聲望；榮譽(yù)，信譽(yù) (回歸課本P59)But in the west，dragons had a different reputation. 但是在西方，龍有著截然不同的名聲。 歸納總結(jié) 例句探源 ①(朗文P1674)Martin lived up to his reputation and arrived late. 馬丁果然不出所料，姍姍來(lái)遲。 ②(朗文P1674)His approach had won him a reputation as a tough manager. 作為經(jīng)理，他的辦事方法使他以強(qiáng)硬著稱(chēng)。 ③The restaurant has a good reputation. 這家餐館名聲很好。 即境活用 4.I am surprised that a company with such good________would produce such poor quality goods. A．translation　　　　　　　　 B．reputation C．population D．evolution 解析：選B。句意是：擁有那樣一個(gè)好的聲譽(yù)的公司竟然生產(chǎn)出那樣低劣的產(chǎn)品，我真是感到驚奇。translation翻譯；reputation聲譽(yù)；population人口；evolution進(jìn)化。 5．(南京市模擬)The girl has no________at all.She is still trying to please her boyfriend，even though he is so cold. A．character B．reputation C．dignity D．figure 解析：選C?？疾槊~辨析。句意“這個(gè)女孩沒(méi)有尊嚴(yán)可言。她還是想討好她的男朋友，盡管他是那么冷淡?！眂haracter“性格”；reputation“名聲”；figure“身材”。 4 die out　滅絕；逐漸消失 (回歸課本P56)Perhaps too much fighting caused the dinosaurs to die out. 或許是因?yàn)樘嗟臓?zhēng)斗使恐龍滅絕了。 歸納總結(jié) 例句探源 ①(朗文P559)If the ocean becomes too salty, certain types of marine life die out. 如果海水鹽分太大，一些海洋物種就會(huì)滅絕。 ②Many old customs are gradually dying out. 許多舊習(xí)俗都在日漸消失。 ③The music died away as we closed the door. 由于我們關(guān)上門(mén)了，音樂(lè)聲變?nèi)趿恕? ④The animals are dying off because of the destruction of the forests. 由于森林被破壞，動(dòng)物在逐漸死去。 ⑤The storm has died down. 暴風(fēng)雨已漸漸停了。 即境活用 6．If too many of these rare animals are killed，their species will die________. A．a(chǎn)way　　　　　　B．off C．out D．down 解析：選C。句意“如果這些稀有動(dòng)物過(guò)多地被殺，這些物種將會(huì)滅絕?！? 7．(湖北天門(mén)中學(xué)模擬)On the Eve of the Spring Festival，we Chinese people like to play with fireworks，and the noise doesn’t________until after midnight. A．die away B．die off C．die out D．die down 解析：選D?？疾閯?dòng)詞短語(yǔ)?！霸诔σ?，我們中國(guó)人喜歡燃放煙花，鞭炮聲就是過(guò)了半夜也不會(huì)減弱?！? 5 come straight to the point　談?wù)}；開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山 (回歸課本P58)I’ll come straight to the point. 我這就談?wù)}。 歸納總結(jié) to the point切題，中肯, off the point偏離要點(diǎn)，離題, on the point of就要……的時(shí)候, there’s no point(in)doing sth.做某事沒(méi)有意, when it comes/came to the point到了關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻，到該做決定時(shí) 例句探源 ①Let’s come straight to the point—when will you pay the money back to me? 我們開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山地說(shuō)吧——你什么時(shí)候還我錢(qián)？ ②The letter was short and to the point. 這封信簡(jiǎn)短而切中主題。 ③Your criticism is off the point. 你的批評(píng)離題了。 ④When it comes to the point，I am prepared to resign over this. 到了關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻，我愿為此辭職。 ⑤There’s no point in discussing it any further.再議論下去也沒(méi)多大意義。 即境活用 8．The police have been looking into the case and recent investigations have________how the two men died. A．thrown light on　　　　　　　 B．had an effect on C．turned a blind eye to D．come to the point 解析：選A。句意是：警方一直在調(diào)查這起案件，最近的調(diào)查已經(jīng)弄清楚了這兩個(gè)人是如何死的。此句要用throw light on表示“闡明某事，弄清楚……”。B項(xiàng)“對(duì)……有影響”；C項(xiàng)“對(duì)……視而不見(jiàn)”；D項(xiàng)“談?wù)}”。 6 due to　由于；因……造成；應(yīng)給的；即將的；預(yù)期做 (回歸課本P59)Some experts believe it is due to the animals the myths grew out of. 一些專(zhuān)家認(rèn)為這是由這些神話(huà)產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)物造成的。 歸納總結(jié) 例句探源 ①His illness was due to bad food. 他的病是吃壞了的食物造成的。 ②The professor is due to make a speech this Friday. 教授預(yù)期在星期五作演講。 ③(牛津P621)Have they been paid the money that is due to them? 他們應(yīng)得的錢(qián)付給他們了嗎？ ④The train has been cancelled due to circumstances beyond our control. 由于一些我們不能控制的情況，這班火車(chē)已被取消了。 即境活用 9．Accidents________driving at high speed were very common that weekend. A．because of　　　　　 B．owing to C．thanks to D．due to 解析：選D。句意“那個(gè)周末因高速駕駛而造成的事故很普遍?！? 10.The next train to London is________to arrive at 4 o’clock. A．owing B．due C．possible D．thanks 解析：選B。be due to do“預(yù)定要做”。句意“下一趟火車(chē)預(yù)定四點(diǎn)到達(dá)倫敦?！? 1【教材原句】　He claims to have seen a round black creature moving quickly through the water.(P52) 他聲稱(chēng)看見(jiàn)一個(gè)黑黑的、圓圓的動(dòng)物在水中快速游動(dòng)。 【句法分析】　本句中的to have seen是動(dòng)詞不定式的完成形式，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞claim之前。 不定式的時(shí)態(tài)有三種： (1)不定式的一般式：to do。表示與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同一時(shí)間發(fā)生或動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后。 (2)不定式的進(jìn)行式：to be doing。表示與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同一時(shí)間發(fā)生，并且動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。 (3)不定式的完成式：to have done。表示發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前。 ①The teacher seemed to have known about it.老師好像已經(jīng)知道這件事了。 ②I consider it a pity for you not to have attended our party. 我認(rèn)為你沒(méi)參加我們的聚會(huì)真是遺憾。 ③There is said to have been many people waiting to see him when he arrived.(＝It’s said that there had been...) 據(jù)說(shuō)他到達(dá)的時(shí)候已經(jīng)有很多人在等著見(jiàn)他了。 ④They seem/appear to have known the fact.(＝It seems/appears that they have known the fact.)他們好像已經(jīng)知道了真相。 即境活用 11．To our surprise，the painting considered________should have won the prize. A．being copied　　 B．having been copied C．to have copied D．to have been copied 解析：選D。considered是過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)修飾the painting。consider后面要求接不定式作賓(主)補(bǔ)，故可排除A和B。the painting和copy之間存在被動(dòng)的關(guān)系，且copy動(dòng)作發(fā)生在consider之前，故答案為D。此句意為“令我們吃驚的是，那幅被認(rèn)為是抄襲的繪畫(huà)作品竟獲了獎(jiǎng)。” 12.AIDS is said________the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years. A．that it is B．to be C．that it has been D．to have been 解析：選D。根據(jù)后面的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)over the past few years知，此處用完成式。sb.be said to do表示“……據(jù)說(shuō)做某事”的意思。 2【教材原句】　They say that the low-temperature lake is unlikely to be able to support such large living creatures.(P52) 他們說(shuō)，水溫這樣低的湖泊不可能生存有體形如此巨大的動(dòng)物。 【句法分析】　(1)本句可以轉(zhuǎn)化為：They say that it is unlikely that the low-temperature lake is able to support such large living creatures. (2) 本句使用了be unlikely to do sth.這一結(jié)構(gòu)，它的用法等同于be likely to do sth.。主要有下述用法： 主語(yǔ)(具體人/物)＋be (un)likely to do sth. ?It(形式主語(yǔ))＋be (un)likely to do sth. It(形式主語(yǔ))＋be (un)likely＋that-clause 【注意】　likely與unlikely不能用于It’s likely/unlikely for sb.to do sth.，而possible與probable是可以用于It’s possible/probable/impossible for sb.to do sth.。另外，(be)possible與(be)probable的主語(yǔ)不能是具體的某人或某物。 ①Look at the clouds！It’s likely to rain. 看那些烏云！天可能要下雨。 ②It’s too late.He is unlikely to come. 太晚了。他不可能來(lái)了。 ③It’s likely that we will beat them since we have practiced a lot. 因?yàn)槲覀冏隽舜罅烤毩?xí)，很可能我們會(huì)打敗他們。 ④He is ill seriously so that it’s unlikely that he will attend the party. 他病得很?chē)?yán)重所以他不可能參加這個(gè)晚會(huì)。 即境活用 13.—Did you look up the time of trains to Shanghai? —Yes，the earliest train is________to leave at 5∶30 a．m.. A．likely　　　　　　　　　B．a(chǎn)bout C．possible D．due 解析：選D。be due to do意為“應(yīng)該……/預(yù)期的”；be about to do不和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用；possible主語(yǔ)應(yīng)為it；而likely與句意不符。 14．(高考陜西卷)Studies show that people are more________to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours. A．likely B．possible C．probable D．sure 解析：選A。句意：研究表明如果總是長(zhǎng)時(shí)間地坐在電腦屏幕前，人們的背部很有可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)毛病。本題考查表示“可能性”的三個(gè)形容詞possible，probable，likely在搭配上的區(qū)別： ①I(mǎi)t is possible/probable/likely that從句； ②It is possible for sb.to do sth.； ③Sb./Sth.is likely to do sth.； 綜上所述，正確答案為A項(xiàng)。 111