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Loaders
裝載機(jī)
Overview概述
Basic Concept .基本概念
A loader is a type of construction equipment (engineering vehicle) machinery that is primarily used to "load" material into another type of machinery (dump truck, conveyor belt, rail-car, etc.).Loaders are used mainly for uploading materials into trucks, laying pipe, clearing rubble, and digging. A loader is not the most efficient machine for digging as it cannot dig very deep below the level of its wheels, like a backhoe can. Their deep bucket can usually store about 3-6 cubic meters of earth. The front loader's bucket capacity is much bigger than a bucket capacity of a backhoe loader. Loaders are not classified as earthmoving machinery, as their primary purpose is other than earthmoving.
裝載機(jī)是一種主要用于向另一種機(jī)械（自卸車、輸送皮帶、鐵路運(yùn)輸車輛等）“裝載”物料的建設(shè)機(jī)械（工程車輛）設(shè)備。裝載機(jī)主要用于向卡車裝載物料，以及鋪設(shè)管道、清理碎石和挖土等工作。作為挖土作業(yè)裝載機(jī)不是最有效的機(jī)械，與挖掘機(jī)不同，裝載機(jī)不適用于輪胎支承面以下較深處的挖掘作業(yè)。裝載機(jī)的深底鏟斗一般可裝載3～6立方米的土壤。鏟斗前置裝載機(jī)的斗容量遠(yuǎn)大于挖掘裝載機(jī)的斗容量。裝載機(jī)不屬于鏟土運(yùn)輸機(jī)械，因其主要用途并非土方運(yùn)輸。
Unlike most bulldozers, most loaders are wheeled and not tracked, although track loaders are common. They are successful where sharp edged materials in construction debris would damage rubber wheels, or where the ground is soft and muddy. Wheels provide better mobility and speed and do not damage paved roads as much as tracks but provide less traction.
盡管履帶式裝載機(jī)是普遍的，但與大多數(shù)推土機(jī)不同，大多數(shù)裝載機(jī)是輪式的而并非履帶式。履帶式裝載機(jī)適用于棱角銳利的建筑材料會破壞橡膠輪胎的場合，或者在松軟泥濘道路上的作業(yè)。輪式裝載機(jī)具有良好的機(jī)動性和較高的工作速度，并且不像履帶那樣破壞鋪裝路面，但其所能提供的牽引力較小。
Unlike standard tractors fitted with a front bucket, many large loaders do not use automotive steering mechanisms. Instead, they steer by a hydraulically actuated pivot point set exactly between the front and rear axles. This is referred to as "articulated steering" and allows the front axle to be solid, allowing it to carry greater weight. Articulated steering provides better maneuverability for a given wheelbase. Since the front wheels and attachment rotate on the same axis, the operator is able to "steer" his load in an arc after positioning the machine, which can be useful.
與安裝前置鏟斗的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)拖拉機(jī)不同，許多大型裝載機(jī)不使用汽車轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)。取而代之，它們通過液壓驅(qū)動的安裝于前、后橋之間的轉(zhuǎn)向鉸接裝置轉(zhuǎn)向。這種轉(zhuǎn)向稱為“鉸接轉(zhuǎn)向”，它可使前橋固定，并使其承受更大的重量。對于一定的軸距鉸接轉(zhuǎn)向提供了較好的機(jī)動性。由于前輪與工作裝置繞同一車軸旋轉(zhuǎn)，駕駛員在使機(jī)械定位后可使鏟斗沿弧線“轉(zhuǎn)向”，這一點(diǎn)是實(shí)用的。
The loader assembly may be a removable attachment or permanently mounted. Often the bucket can be replaced with other devices or tools--for example, many can mount forks to lift heavy pallets or shipping containers, and a hydraulically-opening "clamshell" bucket allows a loader to act as a light dozer or scraper.
裝載機(jī)的工作裝置可以是更換式的或者是固定安裝。鏟斗常?？捎闷渌b置或工具更換，例如，許多裝載機(jī)可以安裝叉車工裝提升重型貨物或者裝運(yùn)集裝箱，裝備液壓開啟式“蛤殼”型鏟斗可以使裝載機(jī)像推土機(jī)或鏟運(yùn)機(jī)一樣作業(yè)。
In construction areas loaders are also used to transport building materials - such as bricks, pipe, metal bars, and digging tools - over short distances. Loaders are also used for snow removal, using their bucket or a snow basket, but usually using a snowplow attachment. They clear snow from streets, highways and parking lots. They sometimes load snow into dump trucks for transport.
在各種建筑工地上裝載機(jī)也經(jīng)常用來近距離轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)建筑材料，例如磚塊、管材、鋼筋、各種挖掘工具等。借助鏟斗或除雪鏟，裝載機(jī)也用于除雪作業(yè)，但通常使用除雪裝置。它們用來清除街道、公路和停車場上的積雪。有時(shí)用裝載機(jī)將積雪裝載到自卸車上進(jìn)行運(yùn)輸。
Front loaders gained popularity during the last two decades, especially in urban engineering projects and small earthmoving works. Many engineering vehicle manufacturers offer a wide range of loaders, the most notable are those of John Deere, Caterpillar, Case, Volvo, Komatsu and Liebherr.
近20年來，特別是在城市建設(shè)工程和小型土方運(yùn)輸工程中，裝載機(jī)獲得了普遍的應(yīng)用。許多工程車輛制造商可生產(chǎn)多種類型的裝載機(jī)，其中最知名的有約翰迪爾、卡特彼勒、凱斯、沃爾沃、小松和利勃海爾等品牌。
Applications應(yīng)用
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1. loading materials裝載材料；2. earthmoving鏟土運(yùn)輸；3. forestry engineering林業(yè)工程；4. snow removing除雪作業(yè)；5. underground work井下作業(yè)；6. loading and unloading裝卸貨物；7. pipe laying鋪設(shè)管道；8. maintain pavement維修路面；9. land clearing場地清理；10. garden work園林工作；11. rolling compaction碾壓路面；12. tunnel construction隧道作業(yè)
Types類型
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1. mini type loader微型裝載機(jī)；2.small type wheel loader小型輪式裝載機(jī)；3.medium type wheel loader中型輪式裝載機(jī)；4.large type wheel loader大型輪式裝載機(jī)；5. track-type loader履帶式裝載機(jī)；6. skid steer loader滑移轉(zhuǎn)向裝載機(jī)；7. underground mining loader井下作業(yè)裝載機(jī)；8. multi terrain loader多功能裝載機(jī)；9. wheel backhoe loader輪式挖掘裝載機(jī)；10. side dumping loader側(cè)卸式裝載機(jī)
Components and Features組成與特點(diǎn)
Components組成
Basic Components基本部件
1. bucket鏟斗；2. front axle前橋；3.instrumentation console儀表盤；4. cab and operating system駕駛室及操作系統(tǒng)；5.engine and transmission system發(fā)動機(jī)及傳動系統(tǒng)；6. engine hood發(fā)動機(jī)罩；7. counterweight配重；8. rear axle后橋；9.rear frame后機(jī)架；10. electrical system電氣系統(tǒng)；11. front frame前機(jī)架；12. mudguard擋泥板；13. boom動臂；14. rocker arm cylinder搖臂油缸；15. connecting rod連桿；16. rocker arm搖臂；17. boom cylinder動臂油缸；18. frame機(jī)架
Hydro mechanical Transmission System液力機(jī)械傳動系統(tǒng)
1.engine發(fā)動機(jī)；2. torque converter液力變矩器；3. power shifting transmission box動力換檔變速箱；4. front axle前橋；5. Caliper disc brake鉗盤式制動器；6. wheel車輪；7. parking brake駐車制動器；8. rear axle后橋；9. gear shift pump變速油泵；10. steering pump轉(zhuǎn)向油泵；11. operational pump工作油泵；12. wheel redactor輪邊減速器
Transmission System Arrangement傳動系統(tǒng)布置
1. engine發(fā)動機(jī)；2. torque converter液力變矩器；3. power shift transmission box動力換檔變速箱；4. rear frame后機(jī)架；5. front frame前機(jī)架；6. front axle前橋；7. transmission shaft傳動軸；8. rear axle后橋
Torque Converter液力變矩器
1. flywheel飛輪；2、4、7、11、17、19. bearing軸承；3. torque converter rotation housing變矩器旋轉(zhuǎn)殼體；5. elastic plate彈性板；6. first turbine第一渦輪； 8. second turbine第二渦輪；9. stator導(dǎo)輪；10. pump impeller泵輪；12. gear齒輪；13. stator shaft導(dǎo)輪軸；14. second turbine shaft第二渦輪軸；15. first turbine shaft第一渦輪軸；16. spacer ring隔離環(huán)；18. one-way clutch gear單向離合器齒輪；20. one-way clutch roller單向離合器滾柱
Performance Characteristic工作特性
Hydro-mechanical Series Drive液壓機(jī)械組合傳動
1. engine發(fā)動機(jī)；2. piston pump柱塞液壓泵；3. low speed piston motor低速柱塞馬達(dá)；4.high peed piston motor高速柱塞馬達(dá)；5. transfer case分動箱
Hastate Power Train System靜液傳動系統(tǒng)
1. Neutral-start parking brake lever空檔啟動停車制動手柄；2. Track motors履帶驅(qū)動馬達(dá)；3. Hastate pumps hoses液壓泵；4. Hydraulic oil cooler液壓油冷卻器；5. Service brakes行車制動器；6. hoses液壓軟管；7. Wet, multi-disc parking brakes濕式、多片停車制動器；8. Double reduction planetary final drives雙級行星減速最終驅(qū)動裝置；9. hydraulic filters液壓濾清器
Operator Station of Track Loader履帶式裝載機(jī)駕駛員操作臺
1. Neutral-start parking brake lever空檔啟動停車制動手柄；2. Track motors履帶驅(qū)動馬達(dá)；3. Hastate pumps hoses液壓泵；4. Hydraulic oil cooler液壓油冷卻器；5. Service brakes行車制動器；6. hoses液壓軟管；7. Wet, multi-disc parking brakes濕式、多片停車制動器；8. Double reduction planetary final drives雙級行星減速最終驅(qū)動裝置；9. hydraulic filters液壓濾清器
Standard Equipment Specifications標(biāo)準(zhǔn)裝置規(guī)格類型與性能參數(shù)
1. Engine發(fā)動機(jī)：Type：Water-cooled, 4-stroke cycle類型：水冷，四沖程循環(huán)；Aspiration：Turbocharged充氣形式：渦輪增壓；Number of cylinders氣缸數(shù)；Bore x stroke缸徑x沖程；Piston displacement氣缸排量：Governor： Mechanical, all-speed control調(diào)速器：機(jī)械式，全程調(diào)速；Horsepower rating @ 2400 rpm (SAE J1349)功率/2400 rpm（SAE標(biāo)準(zhǔn)： J1349）；Gross horsepower總功率；Net horsepower凈功率；Meets EPA emissions regulations符合EPA排放規(guī)范；Fuel system：Direct injection供油系：直噴式；Lubrication system潤滑系：Method：Gear pump, force-lubrication方式：齒輪泵，壓力潤滑；Filter：Full-flow濾清器：全流量；Air cleaner：Dry-type with double elements and dust evacuator, plus dust indicator空氣濾清器：干式，雙芯、排塵器、灰塵指示器配置
2. Transmission 傳動裝置：Torque converter：3-element, single-stage, single-phase變矩器：三元件，單級，單相；Transmission.：Full power shift, countershaft, automatic變速器：動力換檔，副傳動，自動型
3. Axles and Final Drives驅(qū)動橋與終傳動：Drive system：Four-wheel drive傳動系統(tǒng)：四輪驅(qū)動；Front：Fixed, semi-floating前橋：固定式，半浮動軸；Rear：Center-pin support, semi-floating,24° total oscillation后橋：中心鉸支承，半浮動軸，總擺動角24°；Reduction gear：Spiral bevel gear減速齒輪：螺旋傘齒輪；Differential gear：Torque proportioning差速齒輪：轉(zhuǎn)矩比例配合；Final reduction gear：Planetary gear, single reduction終減速齒輪：行星齒輪，單級減速
4. Brakes制動器：Service brakes: Hydraulically-actuated, wet disc brakes actuate
on four wheels行車制動器：液壓驅(qū)動，四車輪濕式盤式制動；Parking brake: Wet, multi-disc brake on transmission output shaft駐車制動器：變速箱輸出軸濕式多片制動
5. Steering System轉(zhuǎn)向系：Type：Articulated type, full-hydraulic power steering類型：鉸接式，全液壓動力轉(zhuǎn)向；Steering angle：40° each direction轉(zhuǎn)向角：各個(gè)方向40°；Minimum turning radius at the center of outside tire外輪中心最小轉(zhuǎn)彎半徑
6. Boom and Bucket動臂和鏟斗：
Z-bar loader linkage is designed for maximum rigidity and offers powerful breakout.
Z型連桿設(shè)計(jì)提供了最大的剛性和強(qiáng)大的破壞力。
Rap-out loader linkage design enables shock dumping for removing sticky materials.
敲打型連桿設(shè)計(jì)提供了粘性材料的振動裝卸。
Sealed loader linkage pins with dust seals extend greasing intervals.
防塵密封式連干銷延長了潤滑間隔時(shí)間。
The bucket is made of high-tensile strength steel.
鏟斗由高抗拉強(qiáng)度鋼制做。
7. Bucket Controls鏟斗控制：
The use of a PPC hydraulic control valve offers lighter operating effort for the work equipment control levers.
應(yīng)用液壓程序控制閥使工作裝置操縱桿操作輕便。
The reduction in the lever force and travel makes it easy to operate in the work envy- ornament.
操縱桿作用力和行程的減小使工作裝置的操作變得容易。
Control positions位置控制：Boom：Raise, hold, lower, and float動臂：提升，保持，下降，浮動；Bucket ：Roll back, hold, and dump鏟斗：后傾翻，保持，傾卸
8. Hydraulic System液壓系統(tǒng)：Capacity (discharge flow) engine-rated rpm發(fā)動機(jī)額定轉(zhuǎn)速容量（流量）：Loader pump裝載機(jī)液壓泵；Steering pump轉(zhuǎn)向泵；Pilot pump(Gear-type pumps)引導(dǎo)泵（齒輪泵）；Relief valve setting安全閥設(shè)定壓力；Control valve：2-spool open center type控制閥：雙閥芯開式中心型；Hydraulic cylinders：Double-acting, piston液壓缸：雙作用，活塞；Hydraulic cycle time (rated load in bucket)：Raise，Dump，Lower (empty)，Total cycle time液壓循環(huán)時(shí)間：提升時(shí)間，傾卸時(shí)間，下降時(shí)間，總循環(huán)時(shí)間
Dimensions尺寸規(guī)格
Wheel Loader輪式裝載機(jī)
1. Height to top of ROPS 傾翻保護(hù)駕駛室頂部高度；2. Height to top of exhaust pipe 發(fā)動機(jī)排氣管道頂部高度 ；3. Height to top of hood 機(jī)罩頂部高度；4. Ground Clearance 離地間隙；5. B-Pin height at max. height 最大鏟斗鉸點(diǎn)高度；6. Center line of rear axle to edge of counterweight 后軸至配重邊沿中心距；7. Wheelbase 軸距；8. B-Pin height at carry position鏟斗鉸點(diǎn)運(yùn)輸高度；9. Center line of rear axle to hitch 后軸至車架鉸銷軸中心距；10. Rack back at maximum lift 最大提升高度鏟斗后傾角；11. Dump angle at maximum lift 最大提升高度鏟斗卸載角；12. Rack back at carry position 鏟斗運(yùn)輸位置后傾角；13. Rack back at ground 鏟斗地面位置后傾角；14. Height to center line of axle 中心軸線高度；15. Bucket reach 卸載距離；16. Dump clearance at 45° full height 卸載角45°時(shí)的最大卸載高度
Track-Type Loader履帶式裝載機(jī)
1. Overall machine width with bucket機(jī)械總寬度（包括鏟斗）；2. Overall machine width without bucket機(jī)械總寬度（不包括鏟斗）；3.Machine height to top of cab機(jī)械駕駛室頂部高度；4.Length to front of track履帶長度；5.Overall machine length機(jī)械總長度；6.Digging Depth鏟掘深度；7.Maximum rollback at carry position運(yùn)輸位置最大后傾角；8.Reach at full lift height最大高度卸載距離；9.S.A.E. specified dump angle S.A.E. 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)卸載角；10.Maximum rollback, fully raised最大提升高度時(shí)的最大后傾角；11.Dump clearance at full height and 45° discharge最大高度45°卸載角時(shí)的卸載高度；12.Height to bucket hinge pin鏟斗鉸銷高度；13.Overall machine height, bucket fully raised鏟斗最大提升高度時(shí)的機(jī)械最大高度。
Bucket Features鏟斗特點(diǎn)
1. Edge steel with extra hardened and toughened wear plates of up to 500 Brunel gives the bucket longer operating life.
鏟斗棱邊為超硬耐磨鋼板，布氏硬度達(dá)到500，具有較長的使用壽命。
2. Bucket shell and side plates of up to 400 Brunel to withstand abrasive wear. Reinforced mounting points where the attachment is installed give less wear.
鏟斗殼體與側(cè)板的布氏硬度達(dá)400,以抵抗磨料磨損。經(jīng)強(qiáng)化處理的附件安裝鉸點(diǎn)減少了磨損。
3. Bucket cutting edges of abrasive-resistant steel of up to 500 Brunel. Replaceable bolt-on wears plates on bucket floor, 500 Brunel.
鏟斗切削刀刃為抗磨料磨損鋼材，布氏硬度達(dá)500。鏟斗底板上安裝有耐磨襯板，由螺栓緊固可更換，布氏硬度為500。
4. Bolt-on edge savers and segments protect the cutting edge from unnecessary wear.
螺栓緊固的邊緣節(jié)省塊和分段防止了切削刃的不必要磨損。
5. Volvo Tooth System with bolt-on or weld-on adapters of up to 515 Brunel gives excellent penetration and less bucket wear.
沃爾沃斗齒系統(tǒng)配備有螺栓緊固型或焊接型連接器，布氏硬度達(dá)515，具有最佳的插入深度和較小的磨損。
Skid-steer Loader Features滑移裝載機(jī)特點(diǎn)
1. The round-back bucket design is stronger with no angled corners. This configuration makes it easier to fill and dump — improving productivity.
圓弧底鏟斗設(shè)計(jì)更加堅(jiān)固，沒有死角。這種結(jié)構(gòu)使鏟斗更加容易裝載和傾卸物料，從而提高了生產(chǎn)率。
2. The ROPS/FOPS structure protects and shields the operator.
防傾翻/防落物駕駛室結(jié)構(gòu)保護(hù)了駕駛員的安全。
3. A total of four exterior lights help to illuminate any job site day or night.
四個(gè)外部照明燈設(shè)置可在白天或夜晚照亮施工現(xiàn)場。
4. A safety system locks lift, tilt and drive systems when the operator leaves the seat, raises the seat bar, or turns off the ignition switch. The brakes are wet-type multiple discs that require no maintenance.
當(dāng)駕駛員離開座椅、提起座椅橫桿或者關(guān)閉啟動開關(guān)時(shí)，安全系統(tǒng)將鎖定提升、傾翻和驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)。
5. Heavy-duty tires are standard — matching the durability of the skid-steer.
使用重型標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輪胎，適應(yīng)滑移轉(zhuǎn)向的耐久性要求。
6. The rugged all-welded unitized frame is constructed of .375-inch gauge steel for years of productivity. Step bushings are placed in all key pivot areas to increase strength and reduce stress.
全焊接整體車架由0.375英寸工具鋼建造，堅(jiān)固耐用，滿足長期生產(chǎn)能力要求。重要樞軸均采用階梯襯套，以便增加強(qiáng)度和減小應(yīng)力。
7. A wider wheelbase provides for a smooth ride and more balance for stability with heavier loads. A 9-inch ground clearance allows easy maneuverability through mud and other terrain.
較寬的軸距保證了平穩(wěn)行駛，重載作業(yè)更加穩(wěn)定。
8. Hydraulic lines are protected within the loader arm.
液壓管路設(shè)置于裝載機(jī)動臂內(nèi)部受到保護(hù)。
9. Mustang features a self-leveling vertical lift.
野馬牌裝載機(jī)的特點(diǎn)是具有自找平垂直提升特性。
10. The advanced hydraulic system affords longer service intervals and comes with a sight glass for quick and easy fluid level inspections.
先進(jìn)的液壓系統(tǒng)可提供較長的工作時(shí)間，并配置了玻璃液面計(jì)，以便于檢查液壓油面高度。
11. A drop-down step makes it convenient to check engine and maintenance points.
下落式臺階設(shè)置便于發(fā)動機(jī)和保養(yǎng)點(diǎn)的檢查。
Working Attachments工作附件
Bucket Type鏟斗類型
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4 5 6
1.Spade nose rock bucket中凸式石料鏟斗；2. straight edge rock bucket with teeth直邊有齒石料鏟斗；3. General purpose bucket with teeth通用有齒鏟斗；4. General purpose bucket with bolt-on-edges螺栓緊固邊刃通用鏟斗；5. Light material bucket with bolt-on edges螺栓緊固邊刃輕質(zhì)材料鏟斗；6. Log/Sorting grapples木材堆放抓斗
Working Attachments of Skid-steer Loader滑移裝載機(jī)工作附件
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3 4
5 6
7 8
9 10
11 12
13 14
1. Cold Planer冷銑刨；2. Pallet Fork貨叉；3. Hydraulic Breakers 液壓破碎錘；4. Angle Brooms轉(zhuǎn)角清掃滾刷；5. General Purpose Pick-Up Broom 通用收集式清掃；6. Brush Grapple Bucket刷式抓斗；7. Forked Scrap Grapple Bucket叉式雜物抓斗；8. Power Rake動力耙；9. Heavy Duty Scrap Grapple Bucket重型雜物抓斗；10. Rock Bucket石料鏟斗；11. Stump Grinder樹根粉碎機(jī)；12. Snow Blower轉(zhuǎn)子除雪機(jī)；13. Snow Blade除雪鏟；14. Vibratory Roller振動碾
New Technology of Wheel Loader輪式裝載機(jī)新技術(shù)
Introduction簡介
Komatsu-integrated design offers the best value, reliability, and versatility. Hydraulics, power train, frame, and all other major components are engineered by Komatsu. You get a machine whose components are designed to work together for higher production, greater reliability, and more versatility. Komatsu’s highly productive, innovative technology, environmentally friendly machines built for the 21st century.
小松集成設(shè)計(jì)可獲得最大的價(jià)值、最高的可靠性與多功能性。液壓系統(tǒng)、傳動裝置、機(jī)架等主要部件均由小松制造。機(jī)械部件通過設(shè)計(jì)使其共同協(xié)調(diào)工作，以獲得更大的生產(chǎn)能力、更高的可靠性和更多的功能。小松的高生產(chǎn)率、技術(shù)創(chuàng)新與環(huán)境友好型機(jī)械產(chǎn)品為21世紀(jì)而制造。
High Productivity and Low Fuel Consumption高生產(chǎn)率與低燃料消耗
1. Two Mode Engine Power Select System 雙模式發(fā)動機(jī)功率選擇系統(tǒng)
This wheel loader offers two selectable engine operating modes — Normal and Power. The operator can adjust the machine’s engine performance to match the condition requirements. This system is controlled with a dial on the right side control panel.
本輪式裝載機(jī)設(shè)置了兩個(gè)可選發(fā)動機(jī)工作模式——正常與動力工作模式。駕駛員可以調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)器發(fā)動機(jī)特性，使其與工況要求相匹配。這一調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)用右控制臺上的旋鈕進(jìn)行控制。
（1） Normal Mode: provides maximum fuel efficiency for most general loading conditions.正常工作模式：在大多數(shù)負(fù)載條件下提供最大的燃油效率。
（2）Power Mode: provides maximum power output for hard digging conditions or hill climb operations. 動力工作模式：在堅(jiān)硬土壤挖掘條件下或在爬坡行駛時(shí)提供最大的動力輸出。
2.Automatic Transmission with Four Mode Select System 四工作模式自動變速箱
This operator controlled system allows the selection of manual shifting or three levels of automatic shifting modes (low, medium, and high). The operator can match the machine’s operating requirements with optimum performance efficiency. This system is controlled with a dial on the right side of the control panel.
這一由駕駛員控制的系統(tǒng)允許其進(jìn)行人力換擋或三級（低、中、高）自動換擋模式選擇。駕駛員能夠使作業(yè)要求與最佳性能相匹配。這一系統(tǒng)由控制臺上右邊的旋鈕進(jìn)行控制。
（1）Manual: The transmission is fixed to the gear speed and selected with the gear shift lever.
人力換擋模式：變速箱齒輪速度固定并通過變速桿進(jìn)行選擇。
（2）Auto Low: Low mode provides smooth gear shifting at low engine speeds suitable for general excavating and loading while offering reduced fuel consumption.
自動低檔模式：抵擋模式保證發(fā)動機(jī)低速工況下的平穩(wěn)換擋，適用于普通鏟裝作業(yè)，具有較低的燃油消耗。
（3）Auto Medium: Medium mode provides gear shifting at mid-range engine speeds required for more aggressive conditions.
自動中檔模式：提供發(fā)動機(jī)中速范圍換擋操作，適用于更加主動的作業(yè)工況。
（4）Auto High: High mode provides maximum rim pull and fast cycle times by shifting the transmission at high engine speeds. This mode is suitable for hill-climb and load and carry operations.
自動高檔模式：提供發(fā)動機(jī)高速工況下的換擋操作，可產(chǎn)生最大的鏟掘力與快速的作業(yè)循環(huán)。這一模式適用于爬坡、鏟裝與轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)的循環(huán)作業(yè)。
3.Dual-Speed Hydraulic System雙速液壓系統(tǒng)
Komatsu’s automatic dual-speed hydraulic system increases operational efficiency and productivity by matching the hydraulic demands to the work conditions.
小松自動雙速液壓系統(tǒng)通過使液壓需求與工況相匹配提高了作業(yè)效率和生產(chǎn)率。
（1） Digging Operations 鏟裝作業(yè)
Engine power used to operate the switch pump is transferred to the transmission to provide increased rim pull when digging.
鏟裝作業(yè)時(shí)，用來驅(qū)動轉(zhuǎn)換泵的發(fā)動機(jī)功率輸入變速箱以增加鏟掘力。
（2） Lifting Operations 提升作業(yè)
The switch pump assists the loader pump to provide increased lifting speed and power when lifting and loading.
提升裝載作業(yè)時(shí)，轉(zhuǎn)換泵輔助裝載機(jī)主泵以增加提升速度和功率。
Increased Reliability 提高可靠性
1. Komatsu Components 小松部件
Komatsu manufactures the engine, torque converter, transmission, hydraulic units, and electrical parts on this wheel loader. Komatsu loaders are manufactured with an integrated production system under a strict quality control system.
該輪式裝載機(jī)上小松制造了發(fā)動機(jī)、變矩器、液壓裝置和電器元件。小松裝載機(jī)制造采用了嚴(yán)格質(zhì)量控制下的集成生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)。
2. Flat Face-to-Face O-Ring Seals 扁平面對面O型圈密封
Flat face-to-face O-ring seals are used to securely seal all hydraulic hose connections and prevent oil leakage.
對所有液壓軟管連接采用扁平面對面O型圈進(jìn)行安全密封，以防液壓油泄露。
3.Cylinder Buffer Rings 液壓缸緩沖密封圈
Buffer rings are installed to the head-side of the all-hydraulic cylinders to lower the load on the rod seals, prolong cylinder life by 30% and maximize overall reliability.
緩沖密封圈安裝在全液壓油缸的頭部以降低推桿密封載荷，可延長液壓缸壽命30%并使總可靠性最大。
4. Wet multi-disc brakes and fully hydraulic braking system 濕式多片制動器與全液壓制動系統(tǒng)
The wet disc service and parking brakes are fully sealed and adjustment-free to reduce contamination, wear and maintenance. Added reliability is designed into the braking system by the use of two independent hydraulic circuits providing hydraulic backup should one of the circuits fail. If the brake oil pressure drops, a warning lamp flashes and an alarm sounds intermittently. If the brake pressure continues to drop, the parking brake is automatically applied providing a double safety system.
行車與停車濕式盤式制動器完全密封并無需調(diào)節(jié)，從而減少了污染、磨損和維護(hù)。在制動系統(tǒng)中采用兩個(gè)獨(dú)立液壓回路，作為當(dāng)某一液壓回路發(fā)生故障時(shí)的貯備，從而增加了系統(tǒng)的可靠性。當(dāng)制動壓力降低時(shí)，報(bào)警燈閃爍，報(bào)警器間歇鳴叫。如果制動壓力持續(xù)降低，停車制動器將自動啟動，形成雙安全系統(tǒng)。
5. High-Rigidity Frames 大剛度車架
The front and rear frames along with the loader linkage have high rigidity to withstand repeated twisting and bending loads to the loader body and linkage. Both the upper and lower center pivot bearings use tapered roller bearings for increased durability.
前、后車架及裝載機(jī)鉸接機(jī)構(gòu)具有較大的剛度，以抵抗重復(fù)扭轉(zhuǎn)與彎曲載荷對裝載機(jī)機(jī)身和鉸接機(jī)構(gòu)的作用。上、下中心樞軸軸承均采用圓錐滾子軸承以提高壽命。
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