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1、小升初英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總 ??一、名詞復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則 1.一般情況下，直接加-s，如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2.以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾，加-es，如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i,?再加-es，如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4.以“f或fe”結(jié)尾，變f或fe為v,?再加-es，如:knife-knives 5.不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù):?man-men, woman-wom

2、en, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 寫(xiě)出下列各詞的復(fù)數(shù) watch _______child _______photo ________diary ______ day________ foot________ book_______ dress ________ tooth_______

3、 sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____ peach______ sandwich ______dish_______bus_______man______ 二、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，也可表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)或主語(yǔ)具備的性格和能力。 2.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，沒(méi)有be動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)的肯定句，動(dòng)詞要按規(guī)則加上s，主語(yǔ)是非第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)的肯定句，動(dòng)詞用原形。 3.在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，句中有be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，否定句在be動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加not，一般疑問(wèn)句將be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放在句首。?4.在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，句中

4、沒(méi)有be動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)的否定句在動(dòng)詞前加does+not (doesn’t)，一般疑問(wèn)句在句首加does，句子中原有動(dòng)詞用原形;主語(yǔ)為非第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，否定句用do+not (don’t)，一般疑問(wèn)句在句首加do，句子中動(dòng)詞用原形。 動(dòng)詞+s的變化規(guī)則 1.一般情況下，直接加-s，如:cook-cooks, milk-milks 2 .以s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾，加-es，如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i,?再加-es，如:study-studie

5、s 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)基本用法介紹 【No. 1】一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的功能 1.表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。如:The sky is blue.天空是藍(lán)色的。 2.表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。如:I get up at six every day.我天天六點(diǎn)起床。 3.表示客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成 1. be動(dòng)詞:主語(yǔ)?be(am,is,are)?其它。如: I am a boy.我是一個(gè)男孩。 2.行為動(dòng)詞:主語(yǔ)?行為動(dòng)詞(?其它)。如: We study English.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)

6、單數(shù)(he, she,it)時(shí)，要在動(dòng)詞后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語(yǔ)。 【No. 2】一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的變化 1. be動(dòng)詞的變化。 否定句:主語(yǔ)?be not?其它。 如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。 一般疑問(wèn)句:Be?主語(yǔ)?其它。 如:-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. 非凡疑問(wèn)句:疑問(wèn)詞?一般疑問(wèn)句。如:Where is my bike? 2.行為動(dòng)詞的變化。 否定句:主語(yǔ)?don't( doesn't )?動(dòng)詞原形(?其它)。如: I do

7、n't like bread. 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)，要用doesn't構(gòu)成否定句。如: He doesn't often play. 一般疑問(wèn)句:Do( Does )?主語(yǔ)?動(dòng)詞原形?其它。如: - Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I don't. 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)，要用does構(gòu)成一般疑問(wèn)句。如: - Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. 2.行為動(dòng)詞的變化。 否定句:主語(yǔ)?don't( doesn't )?動(dòng)

8、詞原形(?其它)。如: I don't like bread. 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)，要用doesn't構(gòu)成否定句。如: He doesn't often play. 一般疑問(wèn)句:Do( Does )?主語(yǔ)?動(dòng)詞原形?其它。如: - Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I don't. 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)，要用does構(gòu)成一般疑問(wèn)句。如: - Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. 動(dòng)詞?s的變化規(guī)則 1.一般情況下，直

9、接加-s，如:cook-cooks, milk-milks 2.以s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾，加-es，如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3.以“輔音字母?y”結(jié)尾，變y為i,?再加-es，如:study-studies 用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. He often ________(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One. 3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday.

10、 4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup? 6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays? 7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays. 9. She and I ________(take) a walk togeth

11、er every evening. 10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike _______(like) cooking. 12. They _______(have) the same hobby. 13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always _______(do) your homework well. 15. I _______(be) ill. I’m staying in bed. 16. She _____

12、__(go) to school from Monday to Friday. 17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE. 18. The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening. 19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term. 20.?-What day _______(be) it today? -?It’s Saturday 三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段

13、正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為be+動(dòng)詞ing. 3.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定句在be后加not。 4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首。 ????5.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的非凡疑問(wèn)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為: 疑問(wèn)詞不達(dá)意?be?主語(yǔ)?動(dòng)詞ing? 但疑問(wèn)詞當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)其結(jié)構(gòu)為: 疑問(wèn)詞不達(dá)意?be?動(dòng)詞ing? 動(dòng)詞加ing的變化規(guī)則 1.一般情況下，直接加ing，如:cook-cooking 2.以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加ing，如:make-making, taste-tasting 3.如果末尾是一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母，再加ing，如:run-ru

14、nning, stop-stopping 寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞: play________ run__________ swim _________make__________ go_________ like________ write________ _ski___________ read________ have_________ sing ________ dance_________ put_________ see________ buy _________ love____________ live_______ take_________ come ______

15、__ get_________ stop_________ sit ________ begin________ shop___________ 二、用所給的動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空: 1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now. 2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom . 3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now. 4. What _____ you ______ ( do

16、) now? 5. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson . 6.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now. 7.Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom . 8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen ) to music. 9. It’s 5 o’clock now. We _____________(have)supper

17、now 10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is . 四、將來(lái)時(shí)理論及練習(xí) 一、概念:表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或預(yù)備做某事。句中一般有以下時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow(后天)等。 二、基本結(jié)構(gòu):①be going to do;②will do. 三、否定句:在be動(dòng)詞(am, is, are)l后加not或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞will后加not成won’t。 例如:I’m going to hav

18、e a picnic this afternoon.→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon. 四、同義句:be going to = will 1.be going to?表示將要發(fā)生的事或打算、計(jì)劃、決定要做的事情。 2.肯定句:be going to +動(dòng)詞原形，如:Jim is going to play football.?否定句:be not going to +動(dòng)詞原形，如:Jim is not going to play football.?一般疑問(wèn)句:把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首，如:Is Jim going to play

19、football??特殊疑問(wèn)句:疑問(wèn)詞+be+主語(yǔ)+going to+動(dòng)詞原形?如:What is Jim going to do??疑問(wèn)詞當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí):疑問(wèn)詞+be+going to+動(dòng)詞原形?如:Who is going to play football? I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow. 練習(xí): 填空。 1.?我打算明天和朋友去野炊。 I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends. I ________ hav

20、e a picnic with my friends. 2.我們將要學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ) We _____ _______ _________ learn English. We ________ learn English. 五、一般過(guò)去時(shí) 1.一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。一般過(guò)去時(shí)也表示過(guò)去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作感謝。 2.Be動(dòng)詞在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中的變化: ⑴am?和is在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣as。(was not=wasn’t) ⑵are在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣ere。(were not=weren’t) ⑶帶有was或were的句子，其否定

21、、疑問(wèn)的變化和is, am, are一樣，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑問(wèn)句把was或were調(diào)到句首。 3.句中沒(méi)有be動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句子 否定句:didn’t +動(dòng)詞原形，如:Jim didn’t go home yesterday.?一般疑問(wèn)句:在句首加did，句子中的動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變回原形。如:Did Jim go home yesterday??特殊疑問(wèn)句: ⑴疑問(wèn)詞+did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形?如:?What did Jim do yesterday??⑵疑問(wèn)詞當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí):疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式?如:Who went to home yesterday? 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變化

22、規(guī)則: 1.一般在動(dòng)詞末尾加-ed，如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked 2.結(jié)尾是e加d，如:taste-tasted 3.末尾只有一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，應(yīng)雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母，再加-ed，如:stop-stopped 4.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的，變y為i，再加-ed，如:study-studied 5.不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式:?am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-to

23、ok, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat 過(guò)去時(shí)練習(xí) 寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式 is\am_________ plant________ are ________ drink_________ play_______ go________ make ________ does_________ dance_______

24、_ worry________ ask _____ taste_________ eat__________ put ______ kick_________ pass_______ do ________ Be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)練習(xí)(1) Name ____________ No. ______ Date __________ 用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1. I _______ at school just now. 2. He ________ at the camp last week. 3. We ________ students two years ago. 4. Th

25、ey ________ on the farm a moment ago. 5. Yang Ling ________ eleven years old last year. 6. There ________ an apple on the plate yesterday. ? 7. There ________ some milk in the fridge on Sunday. 8. The mobile phone _______ on the sofa yesterday evening. 用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1. I ______ an English teac

26、her now. 2. She _______ happy yesterday. 3. They _______ glad to see each other last month. 行為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)練習(xí)(2) Name ____________ No. ______ Date __________ 用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday. 2. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night. 3. We _________ to zoo yesterday

27、, we _____ to the park. (go) 4. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival? 5. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______. 6. Gao Shan _______ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday. 7. I ____________ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother ______. 8. W

28、hat ______ she _______ (find) in the garden last morning? She __________ (find) a beautiful butterfly. ? (二)小升初英語(yǔ)詞類(lèi): 動(dòng)詞、名詞和形容詞不太容易區(qū)分，如不能一眼看出，可用如下方法: 先用“一(量詞)”(如:一個(gè)、一張等)和這個(gè)詞連起來(lái)說(shuō)，如說(shuō)得通，一般認(rèn)為是名詞;說(shuō)不通再用“很”去判斷，就是把“很”和為個(gè)詞連起來(lái)說(shuō)，說(shuō)得通一般就是形容詞;都說(shuō)不通就是動(dòng)詞。(目前我們學(xué)過(guò)的，以后可能不同)(另外一些很明顯的，如人稱(chēng)代詞、數(shù)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞等一下就可以知道) 1、動(dòng)詞 這里所

29、說(shuō)的動(dòng)詞是指各種動(dòng)詞總稱(chēng)，其中包括行為動(dòng)詞(就是我們平時(shí)總說(shuō)的那種動(dòng)詞)、be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。 (1)行為動(dòng)詞 就是我們平時(shí)上課時(shí)說(shuō)的動(dòng)詞，表示某一動(dòng)作或行為。如:sweep、live等。 行為動(dòng)詞我們已學(xué)過(guò)它們的四種形式: 原形、+s/es、+ed、+ing，具體判斷方法如下: ↗有，就加ing 讀句子→讀該單詞→認(rèn)識(shí)該單詞→理解意思→看有無(wú)be動(dòng)詞 (若是be going to?就用原形) ↘沒(méi)有，再看情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 ↗有，就用原形 ↗有，就加ed ↘沒(méi)有，再看有無(wú)表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) ↗是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)就加s或es ↘沒(méi)有，再看主語(yǔ) ↘不是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)就用原形 (2)

30、be動(dòng)詞 a、Am--was Is --was Are--were?口訣:我用am,?你用are, is用在他她它，所有復(fù)數(shù)全用are。 b、肯定和否定句?I am (not) from London. He is(not) a teacher. She is(not) in the dining room. My hair is(not) long. Her eyes are(not) small. c、一般疑問(wèn)句?Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t. Are they American? Yes, they are. No, th

31、ey aren’t. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t. 我們現(xiàn)在學(xué)過(guò)的be動(dòng)詞大致分兩類(lèi):is、am、are為一類(lèi)，一般用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般將來(lái)時(shí)中，was和were為另一類(lèi)，一般用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 判斷步驟: ↗第一、三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，就用was ↗有，再看人稱(chēng) ↘第二人稱(chēng)單數(shù)和所有復(fù)數(shù)，就用were 看有無(wú)表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) ↗第一人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，就用am ↘沒(méi)有，再看人稱(chēng)→第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，就有is ↘第二人稱(chēng)單數(shù)和所有復(fù)數(shù)，就用are 用am, is, are?填空 1. I ______ a boy. ______ y

32、ou a boy? No, I _____ not. 2. The girl______ Jack's sister. 3. The dog _______ tall and fat. 4. The man with big eyes _______ a teacher. 5. ______ your brother in the classroom? 6. Where _____ your mother? She ______ at home. 7. How _______ your father? 8. Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school.

33、9. Whose dress ______ this? 10. Whose socks ______ they? (3)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也是一類(lèi)特殊的動(dòng)詞，平時(shí)我們不把它說(shuō)成是動(dòng)詞。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可以和行為動(dòng)詞同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在同一個(gè)句子中。 我們現(xiàn)在學(xué)過(guò)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有:can、must、should、would、may。接觸最多的是can。 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后動(dòng)詞總是用原形。(不受其他任何條件影響) 2、名詞 表示某一事物，有具體的和抽象的之分。判斷的關(guān)鍵詞往往是be動(dòng)詞，be動(dòng)詞如果是am、is或was，名詞就用原形;be動(dòng)詞如果是are或were，名詞就加s或es。 這里強(qiáng)調(diào)兩點(diǎn):不可數(shù)名詞都

34、默認(rèn)為單數(shù)，所以總是用is或者was;最好不要根據(jù)some、any、a lot of等詞去作判斷，以免受誤導(dǎo)。 如何加后綴: a.一般情況下，直接加-s，如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds b.以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾，加-es，如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches c.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i,?再加-es，如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries? d.以“f或fe”結(jié)尾，變f或fe為v,?再加-es，如:

35、knife-knives e.不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù):?man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet ,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 判斷步驟: ↗如是am、is或was→原形 讀句子→讀該單詞→認(rèn)識(shí)該單詞→理解意思→看be動(dòng)詞 ↘如是are或were→加s或es 3、形容詞(包括副詞) 形容詞表示某一事物或的特

36、征，副詞表示某一動(dòng)作的特征。? 形容詞和副詞只有兩種形式:原形和+er。 未作比較的情況下就用原形，比較時(shí)就+er。 兩個(gè)重要特征:as……as中間一定用原形，有than的時(shí)候一定+er。 4、人稱(chēng)代詞和物主代詞? 主格 you I he she it we they 賓格 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 形容詞性物主代詞 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 名詞性物主代詞 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 第一人稱(chēng)?I me we us my mine our ours 第二人稱(chēng)?you you you you your you

37、rs your yours 第三人稱(chēng)?he him they them his his their theirs she her her her sit it its its 人稱(chēng)代詞:有主格和賓格之分。一般動(dòng)詞前用主格，動(dòng)詞后用賓格。 物主代詞:有兩類(lèi):形容詞性物主代詞(短的)和名詞性物主代詞(長(zhǎng)的) 一般看后面有沒(méi)有名詞，如有，就用形容詞性物主代詞(短的);如無(wú)，就用名詞性物主代詞(長(zhǎng)的)。 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1. That is not _________ kite. That kite is very small, but _________ is very big.

38、 ( I ) 2. The dress is _________. Give it to _________. ( she ) 3. Is this _________ watch? (you) No, it’s not _________ . ( I ) 4. _________ is my brother. _________ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _________. ( he ) 5、數(shù)量詞 我們學(xué)過(guò)兩類(lèi):基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞?；鶖?shù)用于表示數(shù)量多少，而基數(shù)詞用于表示次序，常在日期中出現(xiàn)。 6、冠詞 有a、an、the。a和an有具體的意思，一(個(gè)…)，the沒(méi)有具體意思，有時(shí)翻譯為這、那。確定用a、an還是the時(shí)可根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思。a和an的區(qū)別:an用于元音音素(一般就是元音字母aeiou)前，a用于輔音音素前。