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1、第二部分 語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題研究,專(zhuān)題十 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) （必考：每年26道，26分；單選、短文填空）,中考試練,省卷6年真題(20112016) 1. （2016省卷30題）With the development of science and technology, robot cooks ____ in our families in the future. appear B. appeared C. will appear D. were appearing,C,一,【解析】考查一般將來(lái)時(shí)。句意：隨著科技的發(fā)展，在將來(lái)我們的家庭將________廚師機(jī)器人。根據(jù)標(biāo)志詞in the futur

2、e可知應(yīng)該用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。故選C。,2. （2016省卷39題）School violence(暴力) _____much attention of the whole society and people are calling on the government to make laws against it as early as possible. drew B. will draw C. has drawn D. was drawing,C,【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。句意：學(xué)校暴力________整個(gè)社會(huì)更多的注意，人們正呼吁政府盡早出臺(tái)法律來(lái)治理它。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知此處表示學(xué)樣暴力

3、已經(jīng)吸引了人們的注意力，應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故選C。,3. (2015省卷31題）Dont disturb Allen now. He ____ for the Spelling Bee competition. prepares B. prepared C. is preparing D. will prepare,C,【解析】考查現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。句意：現(xiàn)在不要打擾艾倫。他________拼寫(xiě)比賽。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)now可知句子應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。 故選C。,4. (2015省卷42題）Lei Feng ____ for many years, but his spirit is stil

4、l encouraging us. died B. has died C. was dead D. has been dead,D,【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。句意：雷鋒________好多年了，但是，他的精神仍然鼓勵(lì)著我們。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)for many years可知句子應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，并且動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。die的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞為be dead。故選D。,5. (2014省卷31題）I didnt see you at the beginning of the party last night. I ____ on my biology report at that time. w

5、orked B. work C. was working D. am working,C,【解析】考查過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。句意“昨晚在聚會(huì)開(kāi)始時(shí)我沒(méi)有看到你?！?“那個(gè)時(shí)候我________我的生物報(bào)告?！眞orked一般過(guò)去時(shí)；work一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；was working過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)；am working現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，是指昨晚聚會(huì)開(kāi)始的時(shí)候正在發(fā)生的事情，故用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。故選C。,6. (2014省卷36題）What do you think of the new foreign teacher Thomson? Pretty good. I think he ____ a great

6、job so far. A. does B. did C. has done D. was done,C,【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。句意“你認(rèn)為新來(lái)的外教湯姆森怎么樣？” “相當(dāng)好。我認(rèn)為到目前為止，他________一份了不起的工作?！庇烧Z(yǔ)境推知，特別是由so far可知，句子要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故選C。,7. (2013省卷31題）Today s young people can t live without smart phones. They keep their hands on the phones wherever they go, even while they _____ meal

7、s. had B. will have C. are having D. were having,C,【解析】考查現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。句意：當(dāng)今的年輕人沒(méi)有智能手機(jī)就不能生活。無(wú)論走到哪兒，他們手中都拿著手機(jī)，甚至當(dāng)他們_____飯時(shí)(也在看手機(jī))。根據(jù)句意可判斷是當(dāng)他們正在吃飯時(shí)玩手機(jī)，又結(jié)合while的提示可知此處要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。故選C。,8. (2013省卷43題）Your shoes are so old. Why don t you buy a new pair? Because I____ all my money on an MP5. spend B. have spen

8、t C. am spending D. was spending,B,【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。句意“你的鞋子這么舊，為什么不買(mǎi)一雙新的呢？”“因?yàn)槲野阉绣X(qián)都________在一部MP5上了?！备鶕?jù)句意，可知此處是說(shuō)已經(jīng)將錢(qián)都花了，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響。 故選B。,9. (2012省卷31題）Jenny ____ in the kitchen when you called her at 5 o clock this afternoon. is cooking B. was cooking C. cooks D. cooked,B,【解析】考查過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。句意當(dāng)你今

9、天下午5點(diǎn)給珍妮打電話(huà)時(shí)，她正在廚房做飯。此處表示當(dāng)一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)，另一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，再結(jié)合called可知為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。故選B。,10. (2012省卷39題）Our English teacher is very nice. We _____ friends since three years ago. were B. became C. have been D. have made,C,【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)及延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的用法。句意：我們的英語(yǔ)老師非常好。自從三年前，我們________朋友。since意為“自從”，因此本句使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，且動(dòng)詞用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞

10、。become為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，故選C。,11. (2011省卷31題）Alan, its late. Why not go to bed? Jenny hasn t come back yet. I ____for her. waited B. have waited C. am waiting D. was waiting,C,【解析】考查現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。句意“艾倫，已經(jīng)很晚了，你怎么還不睡覺(jué)？”“珍妮還沒(méi)回來(lái)，我________她?！狈治鼍湟饪芍钦诘日淠莼貋?lái)，要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。故選C。,12. (2011省卷39題）Our math teacher ____ in our schoo

11、l for 20 years and he ____ here when he was 23 years old. has taught; has come B. taught; comes C. taught; came D. has taught; came,D,【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：我們數(shù)學(xué)老師在我們學(xué)校________20年了，他23歲時(shí)________這兒。由for 20 years可確定第一空使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；由when he was 23 years old可知后一空應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故選D。,創(chuàng)新猜押 根據(jù)標(biāo)志詞確定時(shí)態(tài) 13. What were you doing

12、 this morningwhen I called you?I ____ in the supermarket. will shop B. am shopping C. was shopping D. have shopped,C,二,【解析】考查過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。同意“今天早上你在哪里？”“我在超市________?！备鶕?jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“this morning”可知強(qiáng)調(diào)在過(guò)去的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。故選C。,14. The kids may not go to school in the future. They ____ at home on computers. stud

13、y B. studied C. have studied D. will study,D,【解析】考查一般將來(lái)時(shí)。句意：孩子們將來(lái)可能就不用去學(xué)校了。他們?cè)诩矣秒娔X________。根據(jù)前句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in the future可知要用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。故選D。,17. Alice likes doing housework. She _____ her room every afternoon. cleans B. cleaned C. will clean D. has cleaned,A,【解析】考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。句意：愛(ài)麗絲喜歡做家務(wù)，她每天下午________她的房間。根據(jù)

14、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“every afternoon”可知應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用單三形式。故選A。,19. I went to see you yesterday evening. But you weren t in. Where were you then? I ____ a walk by the lake with my husband. was having B. am having C. have had D. have,A,【解析】考查過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。句意“我昨晚去看你，但是你不在家，你那會(huì)在哪兒？”“我在湖邊和我丈夫________?！备鶕?jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處

15、指過(guò)去那個(gè)時(shí)候正在做的事情，應(yīng)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。故選A。,根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境和已有時(shí)態(tài)確定時(shí)態(tài) 20. Nick ____ a new camera. He has taken lots of pictures with it. buys B. is buying C. bought D. will buy,C,【解析】考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)。句意：尼克________一個(gè)新相機(jī)。他用它照了很多照片。根據(jù)句意“他用他買(mǎi)的照相機(jī)已經(jīng)照了很多照片”，可知他買(mǎi)照相機(jī)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去。故選C,22. Please be quiet! They ____ a meeting to make a deci

16、sion about how to solve this problem. have B. had C. are having D. have had,C,【解析】考查現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。句意：請(qǐng)安靜！他們________會(huì)議決定如何解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。根據(jù)“Please be quiet！”可知，開(kāi)會(huì)這件事正在發(fā)生，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。故選C。,23. I heard a new song on the radio. I _____ high and low in the music store, but I cant find the song. search B. have searched

17、 C. am searching D. will search,B,【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。句意：我在收音機(jī)上聽(tīng)到一首新歌，我在音樂(lè)商店里到處________，但是沒(méi)有找到這首歌。分析句意可知，在音樂(lè)庫(kù)里搜過(guò)了，結(jié)果沒(méi)有找到，表示“search”的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，所以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故選B。,24. Everyone _____ the Spring Festival especially the kids, because they can get red packets. enjoy B. are enjoying C. is enjoying D. enjoys,D,【解析】考查一

18、般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。句意：每個(gè)人都喜歡________春節(jié)，尤其是孩子，因?yàn)樗麄兛梢允盏郊t包。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表達(dá)觀(guān)點(diǎn)、看法，且整句時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Everyone作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用單三形式。故選D。,25. Keep practicing, and you _____ your English. improve B. will improve C. improved D. were improving,B,【解析】考查一般將來(lái)時(shí)。句意：繼續(xù)練習(xí)，你________ 你的英語(yǔ)。由句意可知，提高英語(yǔ)是繼續(xù)練習(xí)的結(jié)果，表示的是將來(lái)發(fā)生的事，應(yīng)用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。故選B。,根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)確定時(shí)態(tài) 26

19、. My mother ____ the dishes when I got home. has washed B. is washing C. washed D. was washing,D,【解析】考查過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。句意：當(dāng)我到家的時(shí)候媽媽________碗。has washed現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；is washing現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；washed一般過(guò)去時(shí)；was washing過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。根據(jù)句子中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句when I got home，可知事件發(fā)生在過(guò)去；又根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，因此用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。故選D。,27. Henry will give us a re

20、port as soon as he _____. arrives B. arrived C. is arriving D. will arrive,A,【解析】考查as soon as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的用法。句意：亨利________就會(huì)給我們做一個(gè)報(bào)告。arrives一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的單三形式；arrived一般過(guò)去時(shí)；is arriving現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；will arrive一般將來(lái)時(shí)。as soon as意為“一就”，引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，主句用將來(lái)時(shí)，從句往往用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)故選A。,29. Finish your homework first, or I _____ let y

21、ou watch the movie The Angry Birds. dont B. didnt C. wont D. havent,C,【解析】考查一般將來(lái)時(shí)。句意：先完成作業(yè)，否則我________讓你看憤怒的小鳥(niǎo)這部電影的。dont一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的否定形式；didnt一般過(guò)去時(shí)的否定形式；wont一般將來(lái)時(shí)的否定形式；havent現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定形式。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，可知空格處談?wù)摰氖菍?lái)發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)該使用一般將來(lái)時(shí)的否定形式。故選C。,30.I____tennis with my cousin every day when I was in America. play

22、 B. played C. had played D. has played,B,【解析】考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)。句意為：當(dāng)我在美國(guó)的時(shí)候，我每天都和堂兄打網(wǎng)球。play一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；played一般過(guò)去時(shí)；had played過(guò)去完成時(shí)；has played現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句為過(guò)去時(shí)，故主句也需要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。故選B。,31. If my father takes me to the amusement park, I ____ very happy. feel B. have been felt C. felt D. will feel,D,【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)

23、態(tài)。句意：如果我爸爸明天帶我去游樂(lè)場(chǎng)，我________很開(kāi)心。本句為if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，遵循“主將從現(xiàn)”原則。故選D。,滿(mǎn)分突破,廣東近6年中考對(duì)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的考查主要在單項(xiàng)填空和短文填空中進(jìn)行，初中階段需掌握六種基本時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。其中現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)每年考查1道，對(duì)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的考查，主要結(jié)合狀語(yǔ)從句的 “主將從現(xiàn)”原則。,考生應(yīng)通過(guò)掌握動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的判斷技巧來(lái)解題。 判斷技巧 1. 根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)確定時(shí)態(tài)（2016.30,2015.31,2014.31） 特定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)往往標(biāo)志著特定的時(shí)態(tài)，廣東對(duì)這一角度的考查主要體現(xiàn)在單項(xiàng)填空中。,

24、只要考生牢記這些時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞所對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)，答題過(guò)程就會(huì)變得游刃有余。 例：Thirty-eight pandas ____the zoos of other countries as guests so far. visit B. visited C. will visit D. have visited,【方法點(diǎn)撥】根據(jù)時(shí)間提示語(yǔ)so far和本句描述可知是現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故選D。 2. 利用上下文語(yǔ)境判斷句子的時(shí)態(tài)（2016.80,2013.31,2013.78，2011.31） 如果一個(gè)句子中既沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，也沒(méi)有可供判斷時(shí)態(tài)的上下文，那么就應(yīng)當(dāng)

25、把這個(gè)句子翻譯成中文，,利用我們的母語(yǔ)知識(shí)來(lái)判斷這個(gè)句子該用何種時(shí)態(tài)。 例：Its six oclock in the morning. Many people ____ in the park. are dancing B. dance C.is dancing D. dances,【方法點(diǎn)撥】第步：分析句意：現(xiàn)在是早上六點(diǎn)鐘。很多人在公園____ 。第步：分析選項(xiàng)，A項(xiàng)：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；B項(xiàng)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；C項(xiàng)：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式；D項(xiàng)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式。第步：結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知這里指“現(xiàn)在是早上六點(diǎn)鐘”，,人們的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，且主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)。故選A。

26、3. 根據(jù)上下文已有的時(shí)態(tài)信息確定時(shí)態(tài) （2016.76，2015.73，2015.76，2014.74，2012.31,2011.76，2011.78） 有些試題雖然看起來(lái)沒(méi)有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)提示詞，也不是出現(xiàn)在復(fù)合句中，但是上下句的動(dòng)作存在著明顯的時(shí)間順序，,因此可根據(jù)上下文已有的時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)判斷句子所要選用的時(shí)態(tài)。 例：I cant find David. Where is he? He ____ for tomorrows competition at home. prepares B. prepared C. is preparing D. has prepared,【方法點(diǎn)撥】第步：

27、分析句意“我找不到大衛(wèi)。他在哪兒？”“他在家里為明天的比賽____ ?！钡诓剑?jiǎn)柧錇橐话悻F(xiàn)在時(shí)，可知答語(yǔ)表示他此刻正在為明天的比賽做準(zhǔn)備，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，故選C。 4. 在復(fù)合句中根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)確定時(shí)態(tài)（2016.39，2015.42，2014.36，2013.43，2012.39，2011.39）,主從復(fù)合句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的一致主要有以下幾種情況： （1）“主將從現(xiàn)”原則。如果主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí), 從句是由 when, after, before, not...until, as soon as 等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句以及由 if, unless 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將

28、來(lái)時(shí)間。,例：He is going to be a scientist when he ____ up. grows B. grew C. will grow D. has grown 【方法點(diǎn)撥】第步：分析語(yǔ)境：當(dāng)他____他將成為一位科學(xué)家。第步：分析選項(xiàng)，A項(xiàng)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的單三形式；B項(xiàng)：一般過(guò)去時(shí)；C項(xiàng)：一般將來(lái)時(shí)；,D項(xiàng)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。第步：這是一個(gè)含when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句，根據(jù)“主將從現(xiàn)”的原則及從句中的主語(yǔ)“he”可知選A。 （2）“時(shí)態(tài)一致”原則。在含有賓語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句中，當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用相應(yīng)的某種過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。,例：I d

29、idnt understand ____, so I raised my hand to ask. what my teacher says B. what does my teacher say C. what my teacher said D. what did my teacher say,【方法點(diǎn)撥】第步：分析選項(xiàng)可知本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序及時(shí)態(tài)。賓語(yǔ)從句需用陳述句語(yǔ)序，排除B、D項(xiàng)。第步：根據(jù)“時(shí)態(tài)一致”原則，即主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也需用相應(yīng)的某種過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。故選C。,（3）在主從復(fù)合句中，如果主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作都發(fā)生在過(guò)去，而且有明顯的先后順序，

30、那么延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，短暫性動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。通常在when和while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句出現(xiàn)。,例：The children a picnic in the park when it suddenly began to rain. A. have B. are having C. had D. were having 【方法點(diǎn)撥】找出題目中的關(guān)鍵詞“when”。when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，且“began”為短暫性動(dòng)詞，那主句表示延續(xù)性的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。故選D。,（4）當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)等時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，后面跟的賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

31、的時(shí)態(tài)不受主句時(shí)態(tài)的限制，可根據(jù)具體情況，選用各種合適的時(shí)態(tài)。,例：I dont know if he ____ to play basketball with us. comes B. came C. will come D. has come 【方法點(diǎn)撥】分析句意：我不知道他是否和我們一起打籃球。if作“是否”講，賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)不受主句時(shí)態(tài)的限制，因?yàn)槭虑檫€沒(méi)有發(fā)生，,應(yīng)用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。故選C。 5. 固定句型與動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)間的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系 在英語(yǔ)中，不少句型與一些動(dòng)詞在時(shí)態(tài)的運(yùn)用方面都存在著特定的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系，如： （1）在“祈使句+and/or+陳述句”句型中，陳述句

32、中用will表示一般將來(lái)時(shí)。,例：Hurry up, or you ____ the early bus. miss B. missed C. will miss D. have missed 【方法點(diǎn)撥】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知考查“祈使句+or +陳述句”句型，陳述句的謂語(yǔ)要用“will+動(dòng)詞原形”。故選C。,（2）在This/That/It is the first time （that）...句型中用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。若is改為was，就用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，有時(shí)以上結(jié)構(gòu)中的 first 也可換成 second，third，fourth 等，其中的time也可換成其他名詞。,例：This is the first time I a baseball game. A. am watching B. was watching C. have watched D. will watch 【方法點(diǎn)撥】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處考查“This is the first time...”句型，從句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故選C。,常見(jiàn)六種時(shí)態(tài)的用法和構(gòu)成,,常考動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的用法及構(gòu)成,英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有五種基本形式，即動(dòng)詞原形、第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式、過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。,常見(jiàn)的短暫性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換,