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1、第31講動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài),中考對(duì)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)的考查主要是不同時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種:主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。若主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。注意動(dòng)詞中,只有及物動(dòng)詞有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。,高頻考向一常見(jiàn)時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):am/is/aredone.如: It is made in China 它是中國(guó)制造的。 一般過(guò)去時(shí):was/weredone.如: The bridge was built in 1980.這座橋建于1980年。 一般將來(lái)時(shí):willbedone.如: She will be trained by her father.她
2、將受訓(xùn)于她爸爸。 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞bedone.如: Work must be done in two days.工作必須在兩天之內(nèi)完成。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):have/hasbeendone.如: The room has been cleaned.房間已經(jīng)被打掃干凈了。,高頻考向一常見(jiàn)時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),【例1】 Tom is always careless with his schoolwork.Could you help him? No problem!I think he ________ to think twice before starting.(2016,黃岡) Ashould be
3、 told Bcan tell Cshould tell Dcan be telling 解析:由上句“湯姆做作業(yè)總是很粗心,你能幫他嗎?”可知下句意為“沒(méi)問(wèn)題!我認(rèn)為應(yīng)該告訴他,在開(kāi)始做之前仔細(xì)考慮?!狈治隹崭袼诰涞木渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)可知,這是含賓語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句,從句主語(yǔ)he是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞tell的動(dòng)作承受者,所以應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。 答案:____,A,高頻考向一常見(jiàn)時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),【例2】 Your scarf feels soft.Did you buy it in China? No,I bought it in France.But
4、it ________ in China. Ais making Bwas made Cmakes Dmade 解析:結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知句意為“你的圍巾摸上去很軟。你在中國(guó)買(mǎi)的嗎?”“不,我在法國(guó)買(mǎi)的。但是它在中國(guó)制造的。”空格前的it指代“圍巾”,它與“制造”在邏輯上是被動(dòng)的關(guān)系,故此處用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。由題目可知“買(mǎi)圍巾”是過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,那么圍巾也是在過(guò)去制造的,故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)為:was/were過(guò)去分詞。 答案:____,B,高頻考向一常見(jiàn)時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),【例3】 Tourists bad behavior ________ by the government in ou
5、r country from now on.(2015,陜西) Awill record Bwill be recorded Crecords Dis recorded 解析:分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,主語(yǔ)behavior是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞record的承受者,要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。再由from now on“從現(xiàn)在起”可知,句子應(yīng)用一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)為:will be及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。 答案:____,B,高頻考向一常見(jiàn)時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),【例4】 In the past few years,thousands of films ________ all over the world. Ahave
6、 produced Bhave been produced Care producing Dare being produced 解析:由in the past few years“在過(guò)去的幾年里”可知要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。“films”作主語(yǔ),須用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?,F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)為:have/hasbeenvt.(p.p) 答案:____,B,高頻考向二語(yǔ)態(tài)用法的難點(diǎn),某些動(dòng)詞形式是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),但含有被動(dòng)的意思。如: This dictionary sells well.這種字典很暢銷(xiāo)。 The woolen sweater costs $88.這件羊毛衫賣(mài)88美元。 The car needs
7、repairing.That car needs to be repaired.那輛車(chē)需要修理。 The soup tastes delicious.這湯嘗起來(lái)味道很好。 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中有些動(dòng)詞,如:make,see,listen,watch,feel后常跟不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)要帶上to。如: He made the boy work for him.The boy was made to work for him.這男孩被迫為他工作。,高頻考向二語(yǔ)態(tài)用法的難點(diǎn),動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)短語(yǔ)時(shí),動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后面的介詞或副詞不能省略。如: The baby was looked aft
8、er by her sister.這嬰兒由她姐姐照顧。 His plan was laughed at by everyone.他的計(jì)劃遭到每個(gè)人的嘲笑。 形容詞cheap,comfortable,dangerous,important,interesting,nice等接不定式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),不定式的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。如: A bicycle is cheap to run.使用自行車(chē)是很經(jīng)濟(jì)的。 This question is difficult to answer.這個(gè)問(wèn)題很難回答。 形容詞worth后接動(dòng)名詞時(shí),該動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。如: The book is worth re
9、ading.這本書(shū)值得一讀。,高頻考向二語(yǔ)態(tài)用法的難點(diǎn),【例5】 The books ________ well. Asell Bsells Cis sold Dare selling 解析:本句中主語(yǔ)the books是復(fù)數(shù),sell well意為“暢銷(xiāo)”,句意為“這些書(shū)很暢銷(xiāo)”。 答案:____ 【例6】 This pair of shoes________hand,and it ________very comfortable.(2017,原創(chuàng)) Ais made with;is felt Bare made from;is felt Care made of;feels Di
10、s made by;feels 解析:句意為“這雙鞋是由手工制成的,感覺(jué)很舒服?!敝髡Z(yǔ)this pair of shoes是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的承受者,故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),且主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù),用is made by;feel為連系動(dòng)詞,不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 答案:____,B,D,高頻考向二語(yǔ)態(tài)用法的難點(diǎn),【例7】 If you see the cartoon film,you will________laugh. (2017,原創(chuàng)) Abe made Bbe made to Cmade to Dmake 解析:由句意“如果你看到這部動(dòng)畫(huà)電影,你將會(huì)被逗笑。”可以判斷用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。動(dòng)詞make在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中,后面跟不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ),而變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)to必須加上。 答案:____,B,