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中 國 礦 業(yè) 大 學 本科生畢業(yè)設計 姓 名： 張帥 學 號： 21040292 學 院： 應用技術學院 專 業(yè)： 機械工程及自動化 　 設計題目： 3.0噸調度絞車的設計 專 題： 指導教師： 職 稱： 中國礦業(yè)大學畢業(yè)設計任務書 學院應用技術學院專業(yè)年級 機自04-3班 學生姓名 張帥 任務下達日期： 2008年1月11日 畢業(yè)設計日期： 2008年3月25日至2008年6月16日 畢業(yè)設計題目： 3.0噸調度絞車的設計 畢業(yè)設計專題題目： 畢業(yè)設計主要內容和要求： 設計3噸調度絞車， 主要設計參數(shù) 牽引力：≈30 速繩： ≈1.2 容繩量：≈500 m 院長簽字： 指導教師簽字： 中國礦業(yè)大學畢業(yè)設計指導教師評閱書 指導教師評語（①基礎理論及基本技能的掌握；②獨立解決實際問題的能力；③研究內容的理論依據(jù)和技術方法；④取得的主要成果及創(chuàng)新點；⑤工作態(tài)度及工作量；⑥總體評價及建議成績；⑦存在問題；⑧是否同意答辯等）： 成 績： 指導教師簽字： 年 月 日 中國礦業(yè)大學畢業(yè)設計評閱教師評閱書 評閱教師評語（①選題的意義；②基礎理論及基本技能的掌握；③綜合運用所學知識解決實際問題的能力；③工作量的大??；④取得的主要成果及創(chuàng)新點；⑤寫作的規(guī)范程度；⑥總體評價及建議成績；⑦存在問題；⑧是否同意答辯等）： 成 績： 評閱教師簽字： 年 月 日 中國礦業(yè)大學畢業(yè)設計評閱教師評閱書 評閱教師評語（①選題的意義；②基礎理論及基本技能的掌握；③綜合運用所學知識解決實際問題的能力；③工作量的大?。虎苋〉玫闹饕晒皠?chuàng)新點；⑤寫作的規(guī)范程度；⑥總體評價及建議成績；⑦存在問題；⑧是否同意答辯等）： 成 績： 評閱教師簽字： 年 月 日 中國礦業(yè)大學畢業(yè)設計答辯及綜合成績 答 辯 情 況 提 出 問 題 回 答 問 題 正 確 基本 正確 有一般性錯誤 有原則性錯誤 沒有 回答 答辯委員會評語及建議成績： 答辯委員會主任簽字： 年 月 日 學院領導小組綜合評定成績： 學院領導小組負責人： 年 月 日 Abstract ? First、 Scheduling and the structural characteristics of winch scheduling winch is used to dispatch vehicles to assist traction and operating a winch. Commonly used in the mine tunnel in the haulage and supporting mine car handling、 can also be used in the mining face、 with scheduling space station、 heavy cars. ??Scheduling winch is full-gear transmission machinery. Gear also known as the round of the transmission system. According round of the transmission gear when the axis of space in the relative position is fixed、 can be divided into fixed and working capital of the axis round of the round. Another round of the axis of cylindrical mesh gear transmission and the cylindrical mesh gear transmission of points、 and turnover of another round of transmission and differential planetary transmission of the points. Scheduling the winch within the existing transmission gear meshing cylindrical Gear、 another planetary transmission、 scheduling winch planetary transmission gear、 also known as the winch. ???Scheduling winch models commonly used mainly JD-0.4 (JD-4.5)、 JD-1 (JD) -11.4)、 JD-1. (JD-22)、 JD-2 (JD-25)、 JD-3 (JD - 40). ???Below the JD-3 (that is、 JD-40) as an example of scheduling winch on the composition and scheduling transmission principle. ?(A) JD-3-scheduling of the winch ???JD-3-scheduling the main component of the winch drum for、 brakes and motor frame. From the winch drum made of cast steel、 its main function is winding rope traction load. Drum、 and the slowdown in gear with the gear. ???Winch on the two groups with a total installed-gate that is Brake 2、the gateway 3. Motor side of the gate 2 to brake drum brakes、 the gear in the work of three gates used to control Z7 group functioning. ?? Use made of cast iron frame、 the motor bearings and gates with stent-positioning are fixed with bolts in the plane seat. For Flameproof for the thee-phase motor . ?(B) JD-3-Dispatch winch the drive principle ??this type of winch used two Internal Drives and a planetary gear transmission. Z1/Z2 and Z3/Z4 for two Internal Drive、 Z5、 Z6、 Z7 composition of planetary transmission mechanism. ?? Motor head in the installation of a 5-axis extended sets of gear Z1、 through the gears Z2、 with gear Z3 and Z4、 the movement spread to gear Z5、 the Z5 is the planetary gear wheel of a central round (or round of the Sun) And then led the two planetary gear Z6、 and the gear Z7. Planetary gear freely installed in the two driven and connected to a fixed axis、 the largest in the gear Z7 Gear work with the external gateway、 used to control winch drum operation. ?? If the big gear Z7 gate on the work of three gates to live、 and will be on the brake drum gates 2 release、 this time by two motor rotation within the rodents to gear wheel drive Z5、 Z6 and Z7. However、 due to Z7 gate has been living and can not rotate、 so gear Z6 only on the one hand around its own axis of rotation、 but also around the axis of gear Z5 (drum center) to the public. Thus connected with the rotation of the lead、 then Z6 the operation mode very similar to the planets in the solar system (such as Earth) movement、 also known as the planetary gear Z6、 its transmission mode known as the planetary transmission. ??? Conversely、 if the gear Z7 in the work release gate 3、 and will brake drum on the live gate 2、 the Z6 directly connected with the drum、 only for the rotation、 not revolution、 the Z1 from the transmission system changed to Z7 For the fixed axis of the round、 gear Z7 to go short. Inverted for the release (or live gate) gate work Brake 2 or 3、 you can make scheduling winch in the case of non-stop motor to achieve operating and parking. When the need to reverse upgrade、 must be re-activated the launch button、 reverse the motor running. ?? It should be noted that、 when the motor is turned on、 the gate and not allowed to work Brake live gate at the same time、 it will burn motor or other accidents. Third、 scheduling winch day-to-day maintenance check the contents of ???(1) check each part of bolts、 pin、 nuts、 washers、 etc.、 if loose、 loss should be tightened and timely complement. ???(2) to check installations and electrical signal Operation button is intact and whether stolen explosive phenomenon、 whether the signal sent clear and bright、 it should be repaired or replaced. ??(3) to check whether damaged or broken drum、 the first wire rope is firmly fixed、 bearing oil spill there、 the rope is neatly arranged、 the problems should be promptly dealt with. ??(4) inspection gate with a crack-free、 wear-gauge whether or not (should have a thickness of not less than 3 mm)、 the tension bar bolts、 fork first、 the gate、 such as whether there is a pin deformation or injury、 whether the loose nuts back tight、 Problems should be adjusted and dealt with. ??(5) Check the gate and lever action is a flexible system、 Shi gate、 the ate may not reach the level position、 it should be slightly Sangria than the horizontal position. ??(6) to check the roof fixed winch-and-beam is solid、 based on whether there is a bolt or bolts loose、 whether crack base、 the issue should be dealt with promptly. ??(7) To check whether the normal start motor idling、 whether good grounding to start with、 and so whether the explosion-proof electrical equipment and good demand. (8) Check bearings and motors、 switches、 cables、 such as whether the gate with the temperature too high、 the problem should be found to identify the reasons for、 to take measures to deal with. (9) Often wipe winch to remove dust and debris、 and maintain the environment clean and tidy. Winch the safe operation、 inspection and maintenance 4、 winch common faults and deal with ???? (A) a winch drum abnormal sound and the main approach ???? 1. Winch drum produce abnormal sound the main reason ???? (1) drum cartridge case bolts loose. ???? (2) Shell and tube-round (flange) gap between too large. ???? (3) Drum cylinder shell cracks. ???? (4) Welding a cylinder shell welding. ???? (5) Walks drum and hub of the fixed screw loose、 causing swimming drum and hub between the relative sliding. ???? (6) Gap between the hub and spindle wear too large. ???? (7) A clutch worm screw loose. ??2. Approach ???? According to the inspection to determine treatment. If the loosening of the nut、 in Jiao Ban shutdown when fastening If noise is not serious、 may be appropriate to reduce winch load、 pay attention to observe、 to maintain the provisions of the maintenance shutdown at the repair if the beep serious、 they should immediately Parking repaired or replaced、 so as to avoid accidents expand. ????(B) On the rope winch drum with Bu Shangri hazards、 causes and treatment methods、 ??1. Winch drum on the rope with the harm Bu Shangri ???(1) speed up the rope wear. Rope in the mess on the winding drum、 traction force to justice often ranked in the mess in the rope and pressure to get out、 causing serious wear、 resulting in diameter steel wire rope and wire break more ground and shorten the life of the rope. ??(2) Of wire rope slid off the drum. Rope with Bu Shangri、 an inevitable phenomenon of a crowded heap for damage to justice board、 when the reactor crowded the edge of more than high rollers、 the rope easily slid off the drum、 light、 broken wires、 heavy sports car、 and broken rope. ??2. Winch drum on the main rope with Bu Shangri ???(1) winch layout properly that is hoisting cable angle non-compliance requirements. ???(2) Winch Titanium (Preliminary round) Quemoy not with the rope on the winding drum at about sliding. ???(3) Ranked rope winch device failure or have been removed. ?? (4) Improper operation the wound is not tight. ??3. Approach ? According to different situations symptomatic treatment. The installation of quality and exclusive rope devices such as the failure to timely report on the request sent treatment、 operation or maintenance of an improper、 we should conscientiously in accordance with the provisions of meticulous operation and maintenance; Inclined Drift winch paying particular attention to removing obstacles on their way to prevent the re-delegate Of Mandrel、 tight-rope Mandrel. ???? (C) Winch reducer operation abnormal sound and vibration generated in the causes and treatment ???? 1. Reducer functioning of abnormal sound and vibration generated in the main ???? (1) gears meshing space tight or too loose. ???? (2) Bearing gap is too large、 the general performance of the decentralization empty at the beep、 beep when upgrading heavy small. ???? (3) Or bearing reducer bolts loose. ???? (4) Reducer in the swap was foreign bodies. ???? 2. Approach ???? (1) adjusting the gears meshing gap to a suitable position、 if the wear and gear should be replaced. ???? (2) Relaxation of the repair or replacement of bearings. ???? (3) Pay attention to tighten loose screws. ???? (4) If it has fallen into foreign body reducer、 should be immediately suspended、 and troubleshooting. ???? (D) Winch brake gate of the reasons for and treatment of fever ???? 1. Brake winch for fever ???? (1) a gate too early、 too excessive. ???? (2) Weights are often delegated to use Brake、 no electrical power winch braking system EC、 single-drum winch often such a situation. ???? (3) Brake shoe loose bolts or excessive brake wear、 the bolt hit the first round of gate (or gateway disc). ???? (4) Brake shoe and the gateway round (or gateway disk) was not installed correctly; the contact area is too small. ???? (5) Gate Ferry (or gateway disc) swing more. ???? 2. Prevention and treatment ????? Constantly sum up experience in operations、 and explore methods of operation and improve the level of technique; strict winch the safe operation、 inspection and maintenance of traction control grid load、 no-load、 do not send delegate at the motor-vehicle gate flying; regular maintenance checks、 pay attention to brake shoe and the gateway Round (or gate-) exposure. ???? (5) Disc Brake-meters does not deal with the causes and prevention methods ???? 1. Brake-song disc is not the main meters ???(1) brake operation handle screw drawbars length adjustment inappropriate. ???(2) Brake operation handle swing point of view inappropriate. ???(3) Relief valve plug the hole cut expenditure or slide valve failure death card. ???(4) Relief valve surge devices or electro-hydraulic oil spills. ???(5) electro-hydraulic device moves lap surge Inch Xian welding is not strong or disconnected. 2. Prevention approaches ???the timely adjustment of brake operation handle moves location、 regular cleansing of the hydraulic system of oil filters、 hydraulic oil to maintain the cleanliness and avoid valve plug the hole. ???(6) The launch button、 do not turn the winch motor and Treatment 1. Main ?? (1) A power failure、 such as power failures、 break phase、 motor or grounding line、 grounding the protection of power supply voltage or too low. (2) Stop button did not recover bit. ???(3) Have launched internal fault. ???(4) Cable operator disconnected. ???(5) Motor burned. 2. Approach To check power、 such as the local power supply cables on the other electrical and mechanical equipment are a fixed、 it would surely is the power blackout、 should be promptly reported that the request transmission. Check the button、 we must switch handle hit by power outage location、 check the button may be open、 not to repair its damaged in the explosion-proof performance. Several other conditions must be full-time electrician to check processing. ????(7) The stop button、 the motor does not stop the causes and treatment 1. Main ???(1) Operating button failures or too wet. ???(2) Operation of short circuit or grounding. ???(3) Magnetic starter for the main contact point or burning auxiliary contact adhesive and can not leave. ???(4) arc-suppression hood stuck contact、 could not leave. ?? (5) Contact between the open relays. ???(6) Magnetic starter placed unrighteousness、 touch or backward dumping beyond 15 °. 2. Approach ?????? Should urgently Fishing magnetic starter、 to winch their magnetic starter handle the operation to stop fighting position. Pre-gate method should be used first to raise load stopped to prevent Lash starter when the magnetic switch in isolation have too great a power outage sparks. ?? (8) Single-phase operation of the motor causes and treatment 1．Winch motor single-phase operation of the characteristics and hazards (1) Whether positive start、 or reverse start、 the electrical occurred dull hum、 but the motor will not always turn. (2) If a motor running in single-phase operation、 while still maintaining the original motor to spin、 but obviously slow down the speed、 a humming sound、 the electrical start fever、 if the winch with Ammeter、 some point to zero、 Some larger current value. Whether or activated in motor running single-phase operation、 if not timely detection and shutdown、 it may be burning motor for the accident. ?2. Single-phase operation of a motor for ???(1) Lack of power (of a fault). This is because of a broken fuse or a disconnection of contacts and a phase-connection is bad、 and so causes. ? (2) Motor stator windings of a break. Stator windings at this time because of the different connection mode、 the impact of differentiated、 that is、 stars (丫) of wiring than 1.30 (△) of wiring serious. 3. Approach ???Rapid shut down to identify reasons for the timely reporting or maintenance electrician for processing. ? 摘要 ?一、調度絞車及其結構特點 調度絞車是常用來調度車輛及進行輔助牽引作業(yè)的一種絞車。常用于礦井巷道中拖運礦車及輔助搬運，也可用在采掘工作面、裝車站調度空、重載礦車。 ?? 調度絞車是一種全齒傳動機械。齒輪傳動系統(tǒng)又稱輪系。根據(jù)輪系傳動時各齒輪軸線在空間的相對位置是否固定，可分為定軸輪系和周轉輪系。定軸輪系又有外嚙合圓柱齒輪傳動和內嚙合圓柱齒輪傳動之分，而周轉輪系又有差動傳動和行星傳動之分。調度絞車的傳動齒輪既有內嚙合圓柱齒輪傳動，又有行星傳動，所以調度絞車又稱內齒輪行星傳動絞車。 ?? 調度絞車常用型號主要有JD—0.4(JD—4.5)、JD—1（JD）—11.4）、JD—1.（JD—22）、JD—2（JD—25）、JD—3（JD—40）等。 ?? 下面以JD—3（即JD—40）型調度絞車為例介紹調度絞車的組成及傳動原理。 ? （一）JD—3型調度絞車的組成 ?? JD—3型調度絞車的主要組成部分為滾筒、制動裝置機座和電動機。?絞車滾筒由鑄鋼制成，其主要功能是纏繞鋼絲繩牽引負荷。滾筒內和大內齒輪下裝有減速齒輪。 ?? 絞車上共裝有兩組帶式閘，即制動閘2，工作閘3。電動機一側的制動閘2用來制動滾筒，大內齒輪上的工作閘3用于控制Z7組運轉。 ?? 機座用鑄鐵制成，電動機軸承支架及閘帶定位板等均用螺栓固定在機座上。電動機為專用隔爆三相籠型電動機。 ? （二）JD—3型調度絞車的傳動原理 ? ? 該型絞車采用兩級內嚙合傳動和一級行星輪傳動。Z1/Z2和Z3/Z4為兩級內嚙合傳動，Z5、Z6、Z7組成行星傳動機構。 ? ? 在電動機5軸頭上安裝著加長套的齒輪Z1，通過內齒輪Z2、齒輪Z3和內齒輪Z4，把運動傳到齒輪Z5上，齒輪Z5是行星輪系的中央輪（或稱太陽輪），再帶動兩個行星齒輪Z6和大內齒輪Z7。行星齒輪自由地裝在2根與帶動固定連接的軸上，大內齒輪Z7齒圈外部裝有工作閘，用于控制絞車滾筒運轉。 ?? 若將大內齒輪Z7上的工作閘3閘住，而將滾筒上的制動閘2松開，此時電動機轉動由兩級內嚙輪傳動到齒輪Z5、Z6和Z7。但由于Z7已被閘住，不能轉動，所以齒輪Z6只能一方面繞自己的軸線自轉，同時還要繞齒輪Z5的軸線（滾筒中心線）公轉。從而帶動與其相連的帶動轉動，此時Z6的運行方式很類似太陽系中的行星（如地球）的運動方式，齒輪Z6又稱行星齒輪，其傳動方式稱為行星傳動。 ?? 反之，若將大內齒輪Z7上的工作閘3松開，而將滾筒上的制動閘2閘住，因Z6與滾筒直接相連，只作自轉，沒有公轉，從Z1到Z7的傳動系統(tǒng)變?yōu)槎ㄝS輪系，齒輪Z7做空轉。倒替松開（或閘?。┕ぷ鏖l3或制動閘2，即可使調度絞車在不停電動機的情況下實現(xiàn)運行和停車。當需要作反向提升時，必須重新按動啟動按鈕，使電機反向運轉。 ?? 需要注意的是，當電動機啟動后，不準將工作閘和制動閘同時閘住，這樣會燒壞電動機或發(fā)生其他事故。 三、調度絞車日常檢查維護的內容 ??? (1)檢查各部位螺栓、銷子、螺母、墊圈等，如有松動、脫落，應及時擰緊和補全。 ??? (2)檢查信號裝置及電動機運行操作按鈕是否完好和有無失爆現(xiàn)象，信號發(fā)出是否清楚和明亮，否則應修理或更換。 ??? (3)檢查滾筒有無損壞或破裂，鋼絲繩頭固定是否牢固，軸承有無漏油，鋼絲繩排列是否整齊，有問題應及時處理。 ??? (4)檢查閘帶有無裂紋，磨損是否超限(應留有不少于3 mm厚度)，拉桿螺栓、叉頭、閘把、銷軸等是否有損傷或變形，背緊螺母是否松動，有問題應調整和處理。 ??? (5)檢查閘把及杠桿系統(tǒng)動作是否靈活，施閘后，閘把不得達到水平位置，應當比水平位置略有上翹。 ??? (6)檢查固定絞車的頂柱和戧柱是否牢固，基礎螺栓或錨桿是否有松動，底座有無裂紋，有問題應及時處理。 ??? (7)檢查電動機空載啟動是否正常，接地是否良好，啟動器等電氣設備是否符合防爆和完好要求。 ??? (8)檢查軸承及電動機、開關、電纜、閘帶等是否溫度過高，發(fā)現(xiàn)問題應查明原因，采取措施進行處理。 (9)經(jīng)常擦拭絞車，清理浮塵和雜物，保持周圍環(huán)境整潔。絞車的安全操作、檢查與維護 四、絞車常見故障及處理 ??? (一)絞車滾筒產(chǎn)生異響的主要原因及處理方法 ??? 1．絞車滾筒產(chǎn)生異響的主要原因 ??? (1)滾筒筒殼螺栓松動。 ??? (2)筒殼和支輪(法蘭盤)之間間隙過大。 ??? (3)滾筒筒殼產(chǎn)生裂紋。 ??? (4)焊接筒殼開焊。 ??? (5)游動滾筒和襯套的固定螺釘松動，造成游動滾筒和襯套之間有相對滑動。 ??? (6)襯套與主軸之間間隙磨損過大。 ??? (7)蝸輪螺桿式離合器有松動。 ??? 2．處理方法 ??? 根據(jù)檢查情況，確定處理方法。如對松動的螺帽等，可在交接班停產(chǎn)時緊固；如果響聲不嚴重，可適當減輕絞車負載，注意觀察，維持到規(guī)定的停產(chǎn)檢修時進行修理；如果響聲嚴重，則應立即停車修理或更換，以免事故擴大。 ??? (二)絞車滾筒上鋼絲繩排列不整齊的危害、原因及處理方法??? ， ??? 1．絞車滾筒上鋼絲繩排列不整齊的危害 ??? (1)加快鋼絲繩磨損。鋼絲繩在滾筒上雜亂纏繞時，牽引受力繩經(jīng)常要在雜亂排繩中擠出來又壓進去，造成嚴重磨損，造成鋼絲繩直徑磨細和斷絲增多，縮短了鋼絲繩的使用壽命。 ??? (2)造成鋼絲繩滑出滾筒外。鋼絲繩排列不整齊，必然產(chǎn)生堆擠現(xiàn)象，損壞護繩板，當堆擠高度超過滾筒邊緣高度時，鋼絲繩極易滑出滾筒外，輕者斷絲，重者斷繩跑車。 ??? 2．絞車滾筒上鋼絲繩排列不整齊的主要原因 ??? (1)絞車布置不當，即提升鋼絲繩偏角不符合規(guī)定要求。 ??? (2)絞車天輪(導輪)缺油，不能隨鋼絲繩在滾筒上纏繞時左右滑動。 ??? (3)絞車排繩裝置失效或已被拆除。 ? (4)操作不當，纏繞不緊。 ? ?3．處理方法 ? 根據(jù)不同情況，對癥處理。屬安裝質量和排繩裝置失效等情況的，要及時匯報請求派人處理，屬操作或維護不當?shù)模J真按照規(guī)定精心操作和維護；斜巷絞車尤其要注意清除途中障礙，防止在下放重物時鋼絲繩忽松忽緊。 ??? (三)絞車減速器運轉中產(chǎn)生異響和振動的原因及處理方法 ??? 1．減速器運轉中產(chǎn)生異響和振動的主要原因 ??? (1)齒輪嚙合間隙過緊或過松。 ??? (2)軸承間隙過大，一般表現(xiàn)為下放空載時響聲大，重載提升時響聲小。 ??? (3)減速器或軸承螺栓松動。 ??? (4)減速器內掉人異物。 ??? 2．處理方法 ??? (1)調整齒輪嚙合間隙至適當位置，若磨損嚴重，則應更換齒輪。 ??? (2)對松弛的軸承進行修理或更換。 ??? (3)注意緊固松動的螺釘。 ??? (4)若有異物掉進減速器內，應立即停運，排除故障。 ??? (四)絞車制動閘發(fā)熱的原因及處理 ??? 1．絞車制動閘發(fā)熱的原因 ??? (1)用閘過早、過多、過猛。 ??? (2)重物下放時經(jīng)常使用制動閘，絞車沒有電氣動力制動系 統(tǒng)，單滾筒絞車常有此種情況。 ??? (3)閘瓦螺栓松動或閘瓦磨損過度，螺栓頭觸及閘輪(或閘盤)。 ??? (4)閘瓦與閘輪(或閘盤)安裝不正確，接觸面積過小。 ??? (5)閘輪(或閘盤)擺動較大。 ??? 2．預防和處理方法 ??? 不斷總結操作經(jīng)驗，探索操作方法，提高操作技術水平；嚴絞車的安全操作、檢查與維護格控制牽引負荷，嚴禁負荷下放時電機不送電松閘放飛車；經(jīng)常檢查維護，注意閘瓦與閘輪(或閘盤)的接觸情況。 ??? (五)盤式制動閘松不開閘的原因及預防處理方法 ??? 1．盤式制動閘松不開閘的主要原因 ??? (1)制動操作handle絲杠拉桿長度調整不合適。 ??? (2)制動操作handle擺動角度不合適。 ??? (3)溢流閥節(jié)流孔堵塞或滑閥卡死失靈。 ??? (4)溢流閥密封不嚴或電液調壓裝置漏油。 ??? (5)電液調壓裝置的動作圈引出線焊接不牢或斷線。 ??? 2．預防處理方法 ??? 及時調整制動操作handle動作位置，定期清洗液壓系統(tǒng)的油過濾器，保持液壓油的清潔，避免閥孔堵塞。 ??? (六)按啟動按鈕，絞車電機不轉的原因及處理方法 ??? 1．主要原因 ??? (1)電源有故障，如停電、斷相、電動機或線路接地，接地保護斷電或電源電壓過低。 ??? (2)停止按鈕未復原位。 ??? (3)啟動器內部有故障。 ??? (4)操作電纜斷線。 ??? (5)電動機燒毀。 ??? 2．處理方法 ??? 先檢查電源，如本機電源電纜上的其他機電設備都開不動，則肯定是電源停電，應及時匯報，請求送電。再檢查按鈕，必須把所用開關handle打到停電位置，方可拆開按鈕檢查，不得在檢修中損壞其防爆性能。其他幾項情況必須請專職電工檢查處理。 ??? (七)按停止按鈕，電動機不停止的原因及處理方法 ??? 1．主要原因 ??? (1)操作按鈕失靈或過于潮濕。 ??? (2)操作線短路或接地。 ??? (3)磁力啟動器主接點或輔助接點燒損粘連而不能離開。 ?? (4)消弧罩卡住觸頭，不能離開。 ??? (5)中間繼電器接點不斷開。 ??? (6)磁力啟動器放置不正，或被碰向后傾倒超過15°。 ??? 2．處理方法 ??? 應緊急扶正磁力啟動器，把絞車所屬磁力啟動器的操作手柄打向停止位置。事先應該用調閘方法先將提升負荷停住，防止拉閘時磁力啟動器內隔離刀閘產(chǎn)生過大的停電火花。 ??? (八)電動機單相運轉的原因及處理方法 ??? 1．絞車電動機單相運轉的特征及危害 ??? (1)無論正向啟動或反向啟動，電機都發(fā)生沉悶的嗡嗡聲，但電機始終不會轉動。 ??? (2)如在運行時出現(xiàn)電機單相運轉，則電動機仍保持原來的旋向，但轉速明顯減慢、發(fā)出嗡嗡聲，電機開始發(fā)熱，若絞車配有電流表，則有的指向零位，有的電流值變大。無論啟動或運行時出現(xiàn)電機單相運轉，如不及時發(fā)現(xiàn)和停機，則可能燒毀電機造成事故。 ??? 2．造成電動機單相運轉的原因 ??? (1)電源缺相(斷一相)。這是由于一相斷熔絲或一相斷線以及接觸器一相接觸不良等原因引起的。 ??? (2)電動機定子線圈有一相斷線。這時由于定子線圈接線方式的不同，其影響程度有區(qū)別，即星(丫)型接線比三角(△)型接線嚴重。 ??? 3．處理方法 ??? 迅速停機，查明原因，及時匯報或找維修電工進行處理。