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直接引語變間接引語,Direct speech and Indirect speech,媽媽說:“杰克是個好工人”.,Mother said :”Jack is a good worker.”,媽媽說杰克是個好工人。,Mother said that Jack was a good worker,直接引語：,間接引語,Direct speech:,Indirect speech:,,一、如何變人稱： 口訣：一隨主。二隨賓，第三不變。,“一隨主”是指在直接引語變間接引語時，如果從句中的主語是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾。從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語的人稱變化如： She said：“My brother wants to go shopping with me. ” →She said her brother wanted to go shopping with her.,,,“二隨賓”是指直接引語變間接引語時，若從句中的主語及賓語是第二人稱或被第二人你所修飾。從句中的人稱要跟引號外的主句的賓語一致。如果引號外的主句沒有賓語，也可以用第一人稱，如：,He said to Kate. “How is your sister now?” →He asked Kate how her sister was then。,,“第三人稱不更新”是指直接引語變間接引語時。如果從句中的主語及賓語是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾從句中的人稱一般不需要變化如：,Mr. Smith said, “Jack is a good boy.” →Mr. Smith said Jack was a good boy.,,二、如何變時態(tài)： 直接引語在改為間接引語時、時態(tài)需要做相應的調整。 1) 一般現(xiàn)在時→一般過去時態(tài)； She said: “ I am a student. ” → She said (that) she was a student. 2)一般將來時→過去將來時 She said, “He will go to see his friend.” →She said he would go to see his friend。 Tom said, “ I am going to play basketball tomorrow.” → Tom said he was going to play basketball the next day. 3) 現(xiàn)在進行時→過去進行時； She said ,“I am reading a book.” →She said she was reading a book.,,注意：以下幾種情況時態(tài) 不變 ①直接引語是客觀真理。 The teacher said “The earth moves around the sun .” → The teacher said the earth moves around the sun earth.,③直接引語中有具體的過去某年、某月、某日作狀語， 變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)不變。如： Jack said. “I was born on April 2l, 1980.“,②直接引語是過去進行時，時態(tài)不變。 Jack said. “I was doing chores when Tom came to see me”,Jack said he was doing chores when Tom came to see him.,→Jack said he was born on April 21, 1980.,④如果直接引語中的情態(tài)動詞沒有過去時的形式不再變 （例：could, should, would, might） The doctor said, “You should stay in bed for 2 days.” → The doctor said I should stay in bed for 2 days.” 和已經是過去時的形式時， 例： ought to， had better, used to Peter said. “You had better come here today.“,→Peter said I had better go there that day.,三、如何變狀語： 直接引語變間接引語，狀語變化有其內在規(guī)律， 時間狀語由“現(xiàn)在”改為“原來” （例：now變?yōu)閠hen, yesterday變?yōu)?the day before today變?yōu)?that day He said, ”I want to go swimming now. ” → He said he wanted to go swimming then. 地點狀語，尤其表示方向性的， here 變 there The teacher said ,“ You should come here at 7:00.” →The teacher said I should go there at 7:00. 指示代詞修飾的狀語，由“此”改為“彼” 例：this 改為that He said, “This book is mine.“ →He said that book was his.,,ago—before; this morning—that morning Yesterday—the day before; tomorrow—the next day next week—the following week/the next week Yesterday morning—the morning before,,,謂語動詞的變化:,直接引語:Must ;Come ;bring,間接引語:had to; go ;take,She said,“ I will come here this evening.”,,She said that she would go there that evening,四、如何變句型： ①直接引語如果是陳述句，間接引語應改為由that引導 的賓語從句。 She said, “Our bus will arrive in five minutes.“ →She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes. ②直接引語如果是反意疑問句，選擇疑問句或一般疑問句， 間接引語應改為由 whether或if引導的賓語從句. He said, “Can you swim, John?“ →He asked John if he could swim。 “Do you go to school by bus or by bike?” →He asked me whether I went to school by bus or by bike. ③直接引語如果是特殊問句，間接引語應該改為由疑問代詞或疑問副詞引導的賓語從句（賓語從句必須用陳述句語序）。 She asked me, “When do they have their dinner?” → She asked me when they had their dinner. She asked me, “What was Jack doing when I came in?” →She asked me what Jack was doing when she came in.,④直接引語如果是祈使句，間接引語應改為“ Tell (ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth.”句型 。 如： 1.“Don't make any noise,“ the teacher said to the students. →The teacher told (ordered) the students not to make any noise. 2.“Open the door, please,“ said she. →She asked to open the door. ⑤直接引語如果是以“Let's”開頭的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，通常用“suggest +動名詞（或從句）”如： He said, “Let's go to the movies.“ →He suggested going to the movies. 或He suggested that they should go to see the movies.,Exercise,1. “I never eat meat.” he said. He said that ______ never ______ meat. 2. “I’ve found my wallet.” he said to me. He ______ me that he ______ ______ ______ wallet. 3. “I took it home with me.” she said. She said that ______ ______ _______ it home with her. 4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.” The teacher said that the sun ______ in the east and ______ down in the west. 5. “I met her yesterday.” he said to me. He ______ me that he ______ met her the day ______. 6. “You must come here before five.” he said. He said that I ______ to go ______ before five. 7. “I bought the house 10 years ago.” he said. He said that he _______ bought the house 10 years _______.,he,ate,told,had,found,his,she,had,taken,rises,goes,told,had,before,had,before,had,there,8. “Did you see her last week?” he said. He ______ ______ I had seen her the week _______. 9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.” He ______ Jim that he ______ sit there 10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?” He asked her mother ______ ______ ______ found it. 11. “Where have you been these days?” he asked. He asked me _______ _______ _______been _______ days. 12. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked. He asked ______ ______ knew where she ______. 13. “Stop making so much noise, children.” he said. He ______ the children ______ ______ making so much noise. 14. “Don’t tell him the news.” she said. She told me ____ ____ ____ him the news. 15. “Are you intested in this?” he said. He ______ ______ I was interestd in ______.,if,asked,told,before,she,could,where,how,had,I,had,those,lived,I,if,stop,to,told,to,not,asked,tell,if,that,