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PK中考 英語(yǔ)安徽 專題十 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),（一）動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài),考情回顧,1.動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)是安徽中考單項(xiàng)填空的必考點(diǎn)，考查的對(duì)象為一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)和進(jìn)行時(shí)。 2.完形填空沒(méi)有考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的題。,在2017年安徽英語(yǔ)中考中， 1.單項(xiàng)填空仍然會(huì)有1至2道題考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)，考查對(duì)象可能是一般將來(lái)時(shí)、進(jìn)行時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 2.完形填空估計(jì)不會(huì)考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。,命題趨向,中考名題體驗(yàn),1.（2016年黃石）— Why does the earth look blue in space? — Because most of the earth’s surface ______ by water. A.covers B.is covered C.cover D.are covered 2. （2016年北京）— Where did you go last weekend? —I to the Great Wall. A. go B. went C. will go D. have gone 3.（2016年廣東）With the development of science and technology, robot cooks______in our families in the future. A. appear B. appeared C. will appear D. were appearing,B,B,C,語(yǔ)法探究,一、 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài),1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) （1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法 ①表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常與頻度副詞連用。 I often take a walk in the park.我經(jīng)常在公園散步。 These T-shirt are new.這些T恤是新的。 ②表示客觀事實(shí)、真理。 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太陽(yáng)東升西落。,③在時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。 If it doesn't rain tomorrow，I will go bike riding in the open air.如果明天不下雨，我將在戶外騎自行車(chē)。 I'll tell her the good news when she comes back.當(dāng)她回來(lái)的時(shí)候，我將把這個(gè)好消息告訴她。 ④表示按計(jì)劃或安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。,（2）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成 在一般情況下用動(dòng)詞原形，若主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)，一般在動(dòng)詞原形后加-s或-es。,2.一般過(guò)去時(shí) （1）一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法 ①一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如 yesterday，the day before yesterday, last week, in 2015, three days ago,the other day，just now，at the moment ，this morning，once upon a time，long long ago。 —What did you do yesterday?昨天你做了什么？ —I went swimming.我去游泳了。,②表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 When I was at middle school, I often went to school by bike.我讀中學(xué)時(shí)經(jīng)常騎自行車(chē)去學(xué)校。 （2）一般過(guò)去時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu) ①實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 肯定句：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式+其他. I went to the cinema yesterday.我昨天看了電影。 否定句：主語(yǔ)+didn't+動(dòng)詞原形+其他。 I didn't （go） to the cinema yesterday.我昨天沒(méi)看電影。,go,一般疑問(wèn)句及其回答：Did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他？ 肯定回答：Yes，主語(yǔ)+did. 否定回答No，主語(yǔ)+didn't/did not. —Did you go to the cinema yesterday？你昨天去了看電影嗎？ —Yes，I did./No,I didn't.是的，我去了。/不，我沒(méi)去。 特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他？ —Where did you go yesterday?你昨天去了哪兒？ —I went to the cinema yesterday.我昨天去了看電影。,② be 動(dòng)詞 肯定句：主語(yǔ)+ was/were +其他. I was at home yesterday.我昨天在家。 否定句：主語(yǔ)+wasn't/weren't+其他. I wasn't at home yesterday.我昨天沒(méi)在家。 一般疑問(wèn)句及其回答：Were/Was+主語(yǔ)+其他？ —Were you at home yesterday? 你昨天在家嗎？ —Yes,I was./No,I wasn't.是的，我在家。/不，我不在家。 特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+were/was+主語(yǔ)+其他？ —Where were you yesterday?你昨天在哪？ —I was at home yesterday.我昨天在家。,（3）一般過(guò)去時(shí)的構(gòu)成,3.一般將來(lái)時(shí) （1）一般將來(lái)時(shí)的用法 ①表示將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有tomorrow，next week，in a few days,in 2018 ,two days later等。 They will go to the cinema tomorrow.他們明天去看電影。 ②表示將來(lái)的意愿、決心、許諾、命令 I will do my best to catch up with them。我將會(huì)盡最大的努力趕上他們。 Shall I open the door？我能打開(kāi)門(mén)嗎？,（2）一般將來(lái)時(shí)的構(gòu)成 will/shall +動(dòng)詞原形 / be going to +動(dòng)詞原形 拓展：be going to +動(dòng)詞原形的用法 ①表示打算或計(jì)劃將來(lái)要做的事。 I am going to Beijing next week.我打算下周去北京。 ②表示根據(jù)跡象表明將要發(fā)生的事。 It looks as if it is going to rain.天看上去好像要下雨了。,4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) （1）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法 ①表示現(xiàn)在（說(shuō)話人說(shuō)話時(shí)）正在發(fā)生的事情。 He is reading at the school library.他正在圖書(shū)館看書(shū)。 ②表示長(zhǎng)期的或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作，說(shuō)話時(shí)動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。 Mr Green is writing another novel these days.這些日子格林先生正在寫(xiě)另一本書(shū)。 ③已經(jīng)確定或安排好的將來(lái)的活動(dòng)。 I am leaving for Qingdao next week.我打算下周去青島。,（2）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成 由be動(dòng)詞（am，is，are）+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成。現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則如下表。,5.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) （1）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)用法 ①表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)正在發(fā)生的事情。 What was she doing at nine o'clock yesterday morning?昨天上午九點(diǎn)她在做什么？ ②在復(fù)合句中，如果主句和從句動(dòng)作都是延續(xù)性的或同時(shí)發(fā)生的，那么都可以用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。 When I saw him,he was cleaning his room.當(dāng)我看見(jiàn)他的時(shí)候，他正在打掃房間。 （2）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)由be 動(dòng)詞（was，were）+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成。,6.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) （1）過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的用法 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)多用于賓語(yǔ)從句。 He said （that）he would ring me up at six.他說(shuō)他將在6點(diǎn)鐘給我打電話。,（2）過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的構(gòu)成 would+動(dòng)詞原形 拓展：過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)也可用was/were going to+動(dòng)詞原形表達(dá)。 She asked me if I was going to send the letter.他問(wèn)我是否去寄信。,7.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) （1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法 ①表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。 I have already had a rest.我已經(jīng)休息了一會(huì)兒了。 ②表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也許還要繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去，常和“for+時(shí)間段”“since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)”連用。 He has been away for two days.他已經(jīng)離開(kāi)兩天了。,（2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成 由 have/has +-ed分詞構(gòu)成 （3）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的比較 兩者都可以表示在過(guò)去發(fā)生并完成的動(dòng)作。如果強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，就用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；如果不強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，而是強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的過(guò)去時(shí)間，就用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。,（4）常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) ①與表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如“for+時(shí)間段“，“since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)“ I have lived in this city for more than 40 years. 我在這個(gè)城市已生活了40多年。 ②與already, never, ever, just等過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用 I have already found my book.我已經(jīng)找到我的書(shū)了。 ③ 與表示包含過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在的一整段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，如lately, recently, in the past few years, these few years, these days, up to now, so far等。,8.過(guò)去完成時(shí) （1）過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法 ①表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或動(dòng)作以前完成了的動(dòng)作，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。通常與by, before連用。 We had learned 5,000 words by the end of last month.到上個(gè)月底，我們已經(jīng)學(xué)了5000個(gè)單詞。 ②表示由過(guò)去的某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到過(guò)去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常和for, since構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally ca-me. 當(dāng)車(chē)來(lái)的時(shí)候，我在車(chē)站已等了20分鐘。 （2）過(guò)去完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成 had +動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞,（二）動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),考情分析,1.安徽中考對(duì)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的考查可能性較低。但在2016年又再次出現(xiàn)1道考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的題。 2.完形填空沒(méi)有考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。,在2017年安徽英語(yǔ)中考中： 1.單項(xiàng)填空可能會(huì)有1道題考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 2.完形填空不會(huì)考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。,命題趨向,語(yǔ)法探究,一、 動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),1.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法 ①不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)。 The watch is made in China. 這塊手表是在中國(guó)制造的。 ②沒(méi)有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)。 More trees must be planted every year。每年必須種更多的樹(shù)。,③需要強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者。 Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.世界上越來(lái)越多的人說(shuō)漢語(yǔ)。 ④說(shuō)話或發(fā)表意見(jiàn)時(shí)，為了顯得客觀公正，常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。常用句型： It is said that… 據(jù)說(shuō)…… It is reported that… 據(jù)報(bào)道…… It is （well）known that… 眾所周知……,2.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成,3.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊形式 ①主動(dòng)句中感官動(dòng)詞see，hear，watch，feel 等和使役動(dòng)詞make，let，have等后跟省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是應(yīng)加上不定式的符號(hào)to。 The great news made her feel happy.→she was made to feel happy by the great news.這好消息使她很高興。,②主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。 a.feel，look，sound，smell，taste等系動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示被動(dòng)含義。 The air in the forest smells very fresh after rain.雨后森林的空氣聞起來(lái)很清新。 b.wash，clean，cook，cut，sell，read，wear，feel，draw，write，sell，drive等和well ，easily搭配時(shí)，用主動(dòng)形式。 My coat washes easily.我的外套洗起來(lái)很容易。,③在need，require ，want，worth，deserve后跟動(dòng)名詞表示被動(dòng)意義。 His bike need mending.他的自行車(chē)需要修一下。 ④特殊結(jié)構(gòu)“make oneself heard /understood”和“have sth.done”結(jié)構(gòu)中。 I had my hair cut yesterday.我昨天剪頭了。,專項(xiàng)集訓(xùn),1. The geography teacher told us yesterday that the earth around the sun. A. moves B. moved C. has moved D. was moving 2. —Shall we go shopping now? —Sorry, I can’t. I my shirts. A. wash B. washes C. washed D. am washing 3. —Who broke that window? —I . A. do B. did C. had D. broke,A,D,B,4. —I called you yesterday evening, but there was no answer. —Oh, I am sorry. I dinner at my friend's home. A. have B. had C. was having D. have had 5. Frank to see his grandma if he free tomorrow. A. will come, will be B. comes, is C. will come, is D. comes, will be 6. —Jimmy is leaving for a holiday. —Really? Where he ? A. has, gone B. will, go C. did, go D. does, go,C,C,B,7.Attention, please! There ________ a basketball game between our class and Class 5. A.has B.is going to be C.will have D.is going to have 8.—When ________ this kind of car________ ？ —Three years ago. A.did; produce B.was; produced C.is; produced D.does; produce 9.My aunt is a writer.She ________ more than ten books since 1980. A.writes B.wrote C.has written D.will write,B,A,C,10.Driving after drinking wine ________ in China. A.allows B.doesn't allow C.is allowed D.isn't allowed 11.—It's difficult for village children to cross the river to school. —I think a bridge ________ over the river. A.should be built B.will build C.is built D.was built 12.So far this year, many new houses ________ in Wenchuan with the help of the government. A.build B.are built C.will build D.have been built,D,D,A,