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專題十三 復合句,山西專用,考點一 賓語從句 1．連接詞 ①that在從句中作賓語時可以省略；作主語時不能省略； ②what，when，where，how，whatever，whenever，wherever，who，whom，whose等特殊疑問詞作連接詞； ③當賓語從句由一般疑問句變化而來時，連接詞用whether或if，表示“是否”。如： Could you tell me if/whether it snows in winter in Australia？你能告訴我澳大利亞冬天下雪嗎？ Please tell me how you go to school.請告訴我你是怎么去學校的。,2．語序 從句一律用陳述語序，即“主語＋謂語＋其他” 如： Do you know where Tom lives？你知道湯姆住哪兒嗎？,3．時態(tài) ①主句是現(xiàn)在時，從句根據(jù)實際情況使用相應時態(tài)； ②主句是過去時，從句使用過去時的某種形式； ③從句表示的是客觀事實，真理、自然現(xiàn)象等時，不管主句使用什么時態(tài)，從句都用一般現(xiàn)在時。如： I hear Joe left for Beijing yesterday.我聽說喬昨天去北京了。 I hear Joe will leave for Beijing next week.我聽說喬下周要去北京。 Kate said she was watching TV this time yesterday.凱特說昨天這個時間她正在看電視。 Kate said she was going to school soon.凱特說她馬上要去學校。 Miss Hu said that the earth goes around the sun.胡老師說地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。,4．復合結(jié)構(gòu) 在think，find，make等接有復合賓語的動詞之后，為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用it作形式賓語，而將真正作賓語的賓語從句放在賓語補足語之后，即用“及物動詞＋it＋賓語補足語＋賓語從句”結(jié)構(gòu)。如： I think it important that we should learn swimming well.我認為我們應該學好游泳，這是很重要的。 He finds it so easy to solve maths problems.他發(fā)現(xiàn)解答數(shù)學題很容易。,【注意】 ?否定前移。如果主句的謂語動詞是think，guess，believe等動詞且接有否定的that賓語從句時，常將否定詞提前到主句中。如： I don't think that Alice is an American.我認為愛麗絲不是美國人。 I don't believe that you can come on time.我認為你不會準時到達。 ?“疑問詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中的疑問詞，包括疑問代詞what，which和疑問副詞how，when，where等。這些疑問詞和不定式一起構(gòu)成了不定式短語，這種結(jié)構(gòu)可在句子中作主語、賓語、表語等。如： I really don't know what to write about.我真的不知道寫什么。 I asked him how to learn English well.我問他怎樣學好英語。 ?在介詞之后，動詞不定式之前或在or之前，只用whether，不用if。如： I can't decide whether to buy this bike or not.我不能決定是否買這輛自行車。,1．—Could you tell me ______？ —This way，please. A．where are the special shoes B．where the special shoes are C．where will be the special shoes 2．The teacher asked the students _____． A．Why the earth went around the sun B．Why does the earth go around the sun C．why the earth goes around the sun 3．—Do you know _____？ —For a month. A．How long will she be away B．How long she will be away C．How long would she be away,B,C,B,4．Don't worry.We are thinking about ______． A．what should we do next B．if we should do that C．that we should do 5．—Could you please tell me ______？ —They are over there. A．what to do B．how to do C．where to do,B,C,6．—I don't know ______ next. —You'd better finish your homework first. A．what to do B．how to do C．when to do 7．Tom asked whether ______ after he finished his project. A．can he go to the cinema B．he can go to the cinema C．he could go to the cinema 8．—Could yo tell me _____？ —I'm not sure.Maybe next week. A．when he came here B．when he will come C．how long he will live here,A,C,B,考點二 定語從句 定語從句的關(guān)系詞,1．下列情況先行詞指物時，只能用that，不能用which： ①當先行詞是all，little，much，none，everything，anything，nothing等不定代詞時，如： Tom told his mother all that had happened.湯姆把事情的全部情況告訴了他的媽媽。 ②當先行詞前面有the only，the very，the last等修飾時，如： This is the only book that I can find.這就是我能找到的唯一一本書。 ③當序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾先行詞時，如： This is the best book that I have ever read.這是我讀過的最好的一本書。,④當先行詞前面有only，all，any，no等修飾時，如： I want to read all the books that were written by Lu Xun.我想把魯迅的著作全部讀完。 ⑤當先行詞前面既有人又有物時，如： I still remember the college and the teachers that I visited in London many years ago.我仍然記得許多前在倫敦參觀過的大學和拜訪過的老師。,2．關(guān)系代詞的省略 ①一般情況下，關(guān)系代詞作賓語時可以省略，但關(guān)系代詞which，whom在從句中作介詞的賓語并且介詞位于關(guān)系代詞前時，不能省略。如： I'll never forget the day on which I joined the club.我永遠不會忘記加入俱樂部的那一天。 ②that，which，who在從句中作主語時，不能省略。如： Who is the boy that is talking with our teacher？正在和我們老師談話的那個男孩是誰？,3．關(guān)系副詞的用法 ①when表示時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。如： I still remember the year when you graduated from No.8 Middle School.我依然記得你從八中畢業(yè)的那一年。 ②why表示原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語，其先行詞常是reason。如： We don't know the reason why he was late for school.我們不知道他為什么上學遲到。 ③where表示地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語。如： That is the school where I studied three years ago.那是我三年前就讀的學校。,【方法突破】 初中階段對定語從句的考查主要是先行詞的運用。首先可以把先行詞還原到從句中。其次是在選擇關(guān)系詞時，先確定先行詞是指人還是指物，再看先行詞在從句中作何種成分，從而做出正確的判斷。如： I had an experience with a young man people were always making fun of. 【答案】who/whom 【解析】本句是定語從句，缺少引導詞，man是先行詞且在從句中作賓語，故用who或whom來引導，故填who/whom。,1．I'll remember the old buildings _______I visited in the village. A．where B．which C．who 2．A friend is someone _____says，“what! You too? I thought I was the only one！” A．who B．which C．what 3．Ma Yun is now a boss of a famous company，for ___life was once very hard. A．whose B．which C．whom 4．This is the book _____ tells many English stories. A．what B．which C．who 5．—What are you looking for? —I'm looking for the watch _____ I bought yesterday. A．which B．who C．whose,B,A,C,B,A,6．—Do you know the little boy _____is helping the old man cross the road? —No.But how nice he is! A．which B．who C．whom 7．Doraemon is a lovely robot cat ____plays an important role in the 3-D film Stand By Me Doramon. A．who B．whose C．whom 8．The Gay Genius is the book _____I like to read every day. A．that B．who C．what,B,A,A,考點三 狀語從句(其具體的用法詳見專題六連詞) 1．引導詞,2.主句與從句的時態(tài)問題 ①若主句是祈使句，或主句中有情態(tài)動詞時，那么從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。如： Be careful when you cross the road.當你過馬路時要小心。 ②“主將從現(xiàn)”原則，即主句用一般將來時，則從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。常見的使用“主將從現(xiàn)”原則的連詞有：表示時間的when，while，after，before，until，till，whenever，as soon as，once等；表示條件的if，unless，so/as long as，in case等。如： He will write to me as soon as he gets to America.他一到美國就會給我寫信。,3．賓語從句與狀語從句的易混點 if和when既能引導賓語從句，也能引導狀語從句。 ①if引導賓語從句時(意為“是否”)，其時態(tài)應和主句時態(tài)相呼應；引導條件狀語從句時(意為“如果”)，若主句是將來時，則從句用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)(即“主將從現(xiàn)”)。 ②when引導賓語從句時(意為“何時”)，其時態(tài)應和主句時態(tài)相呼應；引導時間狀語從句時(意為“當……時候”)，若主句是將來時，則從句用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)(即“主將從現(xiàn)”)。,1．She says that she'll have to close the shop ______business improves. A．if B．or C．unless 2．—What are you doing this weekend? —We are going hiking if it ______． A．will rain B．doesn't rain C．rains 3．—The boy can speak both English and Japanese ______he is only ten. —Wow，what a clever boy! A．if B．because C．a(chǎn)lthough 4．When you ______at a restaurant，please order just enough food. A．a(chǎn)te B．will eat C．eat 5．Li Na is _____famous all the tennis fans in China know her. A．too；to B．enough；to C．so；that,C,B,C,C,C,