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1、UNIT 1 1. 被系在…上 be attached to… 2. 探索行為 exploratory behavior 3. 偶爾 on occasion 4. 父母的責任 parental duties 5. 揭示，闡明 throw light on 6. 最終目的 an ultimate purpose 7. 要做的動作 desired action 8. 所希望的結(jié)果 desirable outcome 9. 關鍵 critical point 10. 育兒觀 value of child re

2、aring 11. 彌補某種錯誤行為 making up for a misdeed 12. 回想起來 in retrospect 13. 善意的 well-intentioned 14. 前來幫助某人 come to sb.’s rescue 15. 極其熟練、溫和地 with extreme facility and gentleness 16. 適用于 apply to 17. 發(fā)展到 evolve to 18. 發(fā)展創(chuàng)造力 promote creativity 19. 值得追求的目標 worthwhile goals

3、 One way of summarizing the American position is to state that we value originality and independence more than the Chinese do. The contrast between our two cultures can also be seen in terms of the fears we both harbor. Chinese teachers are fearful that if skills are not acquired early, they ma

4、y never be acquired; there is, on the other hand, no comparable hurry to promote creativity. American educators fear that unless creativity has been acquired early, it may never emerge; on the other hand, skills can be picked up later. 美國人的立場可以概括起來這么說，我們比中國人更重視創(chuàng)新和自立。我們兩種文化的差異也可以從我們各自所懷的憂慮中顯示出來。中國老

5、師擔心，如果年輕人不及早掌握技藝，就有可能一輩子掌握不了；另一方面，他們并不同樣地急于促進創(chuàng)造力的發(fā)展。美國教育工作者則擔心，除非從一開始就發(fā)展創(chuàng)造力，不然創(chuàng)造力就有可能永不再現(xiàn)；而另一方面，技藝可于日后獲得。 However, I do not want to overstate my case. There is enormous creativity to be found in Chinese scientific, technological and artistic innovations past and present. And there is a danger

6、of exaggerating creative breakthroughs in the West. When any innovation is examined closely, its reliance on previous achievements is all too apparent (the "standing on the shoulders of giants" phenomenon). 但我并不想夸大其辭。無論在過去還是在當今，中國在科學、技術(shù)和藝術(shù)革新方面都展示了巨大的創(chuàng)造力。而西方的創(chuàng)新突破則有被夸大的危險。如果仔細審視任何一項創(chuàng)新，其對以往成就的依賴則都顯而易

7、見（“站在巨人肩膀之上”的現(xiàn)象）。 But assuming that the contrast I have developed is valid, and that the fostering of skills and creativity are both worthwhile goals, the important question becomes this: Can we gather, from the Chinese and American extremes, a superior way to approach education, perhaps strik

8、ing a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills? 然而，假定我這里所說的反差是成立的，而培養(yǎng)技藝與創(chuàng)造力兩者都是值得追求的目標，那么重要的問題就在于：我們能否從中美兩個極端中尋求一種更好的教育方式，它或許能在創(chuàng)造力與基本技能這兩極之間獲得某種較好的平衡？ UNIT 2 1. 面臨，遭遇 be confronted with 2. 仰頭向上看

9、 look up at 3. 填寫 fill out 4. 屬于 fall into 5. 僅僅，不多于，不強于 nothing more than 6. 轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝的念頭 a passing whim 7. 磨損，損耗 wear and tear 8. 雖然，盡管 in spite of 9. 期望，盼望 look forward to 10. 富裕的，有錢的 well off 11. 不自在，格格不入 out of place 12. 陳舊的家具 dated furnit

10、ure 13. …之后不久 shortly after 14. 走下坡路，失敗 go south 15. 轉(zhuǎn)折點 a turning point 16. 與…形成對比 in contrast to 17. 對…予以注意，致力于 focus on 18. 歸屬感 a sense of belonging 19. 遭遇困難 go through a rough time 20. 久不消逝的微笑 a lingering smile 21. 為…感恩 be thankful f

11、or 22. 收入最低的檔次 the lowest income bracket 23. 創(chuàng)作才能 the gift of creativity 24. 對物質(zhì)財富的追求 the pursuit of possessions Yet I feel nothing more than a passing whim to attain the material things so many other people have. My 1999 car shows the wear and tear of 105,000 miles. But it i

12、s still dependable. My apartment is modest, but quiet and relaxing. My clothes are well suited to my work, which is primarily outdoors. My minimal computer needs can be met at the library. 然而，想要得到其他那么多人都有的物質(zhì)的東西，對我來說，只不過是轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝的念頭而已。我的汽車是1999年的產(chǎn)品，到現(xiàn)在開了十萬五千英里，已經(jīng)很破很舊了，但是它依然可靠。我的住房不大，但是很安靜，住著挺舒心。我的衣服很適合于

13、我的工作，主要都在戶外。我對計算機的很少的需求，可以在圖書館得到解決。 In spite of what I don’t have, I don’t feel poor. Why? I’ve enjoyed exceptionally good health for 53 years. It’s not just that I’ve been illness-free, it’s that I feel vigorous and spirited. Exercising is actually fun for me. I look forward to long, energizing w

14、alks. And I love the “can do” attitude that follows. 盡管有些東西我沒有，我并不感到貧窮。這是為什么？五十三年來我一直非常健康。我不但不生病，而且精力充沛，情緒飽滿。鍛煉對我而言是確確實實的快事，我樂意長距離步行，越走越有勁。我喜愛步行后隨之產(chǎn)生的一種“什么都干得了”的心態(tài)。 I also cherish the gift of creativity. When I write a beautiful line of poetry, or fabricate a joke that tickles someone, I feel

15、rich inside. I’m continually surprised at the insights that come through my writing process. And talking with so many interesting writer friends is one of my main sources of enjoyment. 我還十分珍惜我的創(chuàng)作才能。當我寫出美麗的詩句或編造出能把人逗樂的笑話時，我內(nèi)心感到很富有。通過寫作而獲得的洞察力，不斷地令我驚奇。而與那么多寫作朋友交談，是我樂趣的主要源泉之一。

16、 UNIT 3 1. 舞臺前方 the edge of the stage 2. 對觀眾說話 address the audience 3. 到頭來讓人尷尬 end up embarrassing sb. 4. 當餐廳服務員 wait tables 5. 為某人感到驕傲 be proud of sb. 6. 一致地 in unison 7. 偶爾一次 once in a while 8. 圍坐在餐桌旁 be seated aroun

17、d the dinning room table 9. 使產(chǎn)生懸念 keep in suspense 10. 傳下來 hand down 11. 無論如何 at any rate 12. 世界和平 global peace 13. 減少；縮小 narrow down 14. 轉(zhuǎn)向某人 turn to sb. 15. 影響；刺激 come over 16. 結(jié)束某（一不愉快的）事 get sth. over with 17. 優(yōu)等生 an honor student 18. 整天提心吊膽 live in constant drea

18、d 19. 負責 in charge of 20. 填寫 fill out 21. 思路 line of thought 22. 初中 junior high school If that sort of thing happened only once in a while, it wouldnt be so bad. Overall, I wouldnt want to trade my dad for anyone elses. He loves us kids and Mom too. But I think thats sometime

19、s the problem. He wants to do things for us, things he thinks are good. 這類事要是偶爾發(fā)生一兩次，那倒也沒什么。總的來說，我是不肯把自己老爸跟別人的老爸換的。他愛我們當子女的，也愛老媽。不過我想，有時問題就出在這兒。他一心想幫助我們，他自以為在為我們做好事呢。 Can you imagine how humiliated I was? An honor student, class president. And Father was out asking people to have their sons call

20、 and ask me to the prom! But thats dear old dad. Actually, he is a dear. He just doesnt stop to think. And its not just one of us whove felt the heavy hand of interference. Oh, no, all three of us live in constant dread knowing that at any time disaster can strike 你們能想象我覺得自己有多么丟人現(xiàn)眼嗎？堂堂的優(yōu)秀生，班主席。父親竟然去

21、求別人叫他們的兒子打電話來邀我跳舞！可這就是我那可愛的老爸。他其實挺可愛的。他就是不好好想一想。不止我一個人深受他橫加干預之苦。哦,絕非我一個人，我們兄妹三個整天提心吊膽，知道倒霉的事隨時可能來臨。 UNIT 4 1. 一周中的最好時光 highlight of the week 2. 投稿 submit articles 3. 有時 at times 4. 對…感到厭惡 feel an aversion to 5. 社交方式 forms of socializing 6. 缺乏自律 a la

22、ck of discipline 7. 網(wǎng)絡交際 cyber-interaction 8. 面對 be confronted with 9. 穿著得體 be dressed appropriately 10. 廣告令…心煩 be jarred by the commercials 11. 工作成了次要的。 Work moves into the background. 12. 壞脾氣 be bad-tempered 13. 在此狀態(tài)下 in

23、this state 14. 日常事務 daily routine 15. 依賴 rely on 16. 長期失業(yè) long-term unemployment 17. 吸毒 drug abuse 18. 恢復平衡 restore balance 19. 將…與…區(qū)分開 set apart…from… 20. 面對面 face to face 21. 找借口 make an excuse Id never realized how important dai

24、ly routine is: dressing for work, sleeping normal hours. Id never thought I relied so much on co-workers for company. I began to understand why long-term unemployment can be so damaging, why life without an externally supported daily plan can lead to higher rates of drug abuse, crime, suicide. 以前我

25、從未意識到日常的生活起居是多么重要，如穿戴整齊去上班，按時就寢。以前我從未想過自己會那么依賴同事做伴。我開始理解為什么長時間的失業(yè)會那么傷人，為什么一個人的生活缺少了外部支持的日常計劃就會導致吸毒、犯罪、自殺率的增長。 To restore balance to my life, I force myself back into the real world. I call people, arrange to meet with the few remaining friends who havent fled New York City. I try to at least get

26、to the gym, so as to set apart the weekend from the rest of my week. I arrange interviews for stories, doctors appointments -- anything to get me out of the house and connected with others. 為了恢復生活的平衡，我強迫自己回到真實世界中去。我給別人打電話，與所剩無幾的仍然住在紐約城的幾個朋友安排見面。我至少設法去去健身房，以便使周末與工作日有所不同。我安排采訪好寫報道，預約看醫(yī)生——安排任何需要我出門與他

27、人接觸的活動。 But sometimes being face to face is too much. I see a friend and her ringing laughter is intolerable -- the noise of conversation in the restaurant, unbearable. I make my excuses and flee. I re-enter my apartment and run to the computer as though it were a place of safety. 但有時面對面地與人相

28、處實在難以忍受。我與一位朋友見面，她那種響亮的笑聲讓人忍無可忍——飯店里的噪雜談話聲也讓人受不了。我找了個藉口逃之夭夭。我重新回到我的公寓，沖向電腦，似乎那兒才是一個安全的地方。 I click on the modem, the once-annoying sound of the connection now as pleasant as my favorite tune. I enter my password. The real world disappears. 我點擊鼠標，打開調(diào)制解調(diào)器，曾經(jīng)聽了就煩的連接聲此刻聽起來就如同最心愛的曲子那么悅耳。我鍵入密碼。真實世界

29、轉(zhuǎn)瞬便消逝了。 UNIT 5 1. 田徑比賽 track and field competition 2. 俯瞰 a bird’s eye view 3. 深呼吸 take a deep breath 4. 像雄鷹一樣翱翔 soar like an eagle 5. 如出一轍; 不謀而合 coincide with 6

30、. 每隔一天 every other day/on alternate days 7. 農(nóng)場雜活 farm chores 8. 有一次 on one occasion 9. 站著 on one’s feet 10. 沒有意識到 unaware of 11. 仰面躺著 lie on one’s back 12. 對…慚愧 be ashamed of 13. 感到…

31、 fill one’s mind with… 14. 擺脫緊張情緒 shake the tension 15. 在內(nèi)心的最深處 from the deepest depths of one’s soul 16. 在這種時候 at a time like this 17. 舒展；伸展 stretch out 18. 緩緩移動 in slow motion 19. 使…回到現(xiàn)實中 bring sb. back to earth 20. 想象

32、 see in one’s mind’s eye The runway felt different this time. It startled him for a brief moment. Then it all hit him like a wet bale of hay. The bar was set at nine inches higher than his personal best. Thats only one inch off the National record, he thought. The intensity of the moment fil

33、led his mind with anxiety. He began shaking the tension. It wasnt working. He became more tense. Why was this happening to him now, he thought. He began to get nervous. Afraid would be a more accurate description. What was he going to do? He had never experienced these feelings. Then out of nowhere,

34、 and from the deepest depths of his soul, he pictured his mother. Why now? What was his mother doing in his thoughts at a time like this? It was simple. His mother always used to tell him when you felt tense, anxious or even scared, take deep breaths. 這一回，那跑道顯得有些異樣。剎那間，他感到一陣驚嚇。一種惶惑不安的感覺向他襲來。橫桿升在高出

35、他個人最高紀錄9英寸的高度。他想，這一高度與全國紀錄只差1英寸了。這一刻緊張異常，他感到焦慮不安。他想擺脫緊張情緒。沒有用。他更緊張了。在這種時刻怎么會這樣呢，他暗暗思忖著。他有點膽怯起來。說是恐懼也許更為恰當。怎么辦？他以前從來不曾有過這種感覺。這時，不知不覺地，在內(nèi)心最深處，出現(xiàn)了他母親的身影。為什么是在這一刻？記憶中，母親在這種時刻會怎樣做呢？很簡單。母親過去總跟他說，當你覺得緊張、焦慮、甚至害怕的時候，就深深地吸氣。 So he did. Along with shaking the tension from his legs, he gently laid his pol

36、e at his feet. He began to stretch out his arms and upper body. The light breeze that was once there was now gone. He carefully picked up his pole. He felt his heart pounding. He was sure the crowd did, too. The silence was deafening. When he heard the singing of some distant birds in flight, he kne

37、w it was his time to fly. 于是他深深吸了一口氣。在擺脫腿部肌肉緊張的同時，他輕輕地把撐竿放在腳邊。他開始舒展雙臂和上身。剛才飄過一陣輕風，此刻消失了。他小心翼翼地拿起撐竿，只覺得心怦怦在跳。他相信觀眾們的心也在怦怦跳動。場上鴉雀無聲，令人透不過氣來。當他聽見遠處飛鳥啼鳴時，他知道，自己飛身起躍的時刻到了。 UNIT 6 1. 把…改成 convert… into… 2.

38、 對…一無所知 don’t know the first thing about… 3. 把…區(qū)分開來 distinguish… from… 4. 渴望獨立 be craving independence 5. 不禁不寒而栗 can’t help shuddering 6. 處于劣勢 at a disadvantage 7. 在…方面 when it comes to… 8. 偶

39、然闖進 stumble into 9. 輕而易舉地把它學好 it comes easily to somebody 10. 咬緊牙學好它 grit your teeth to get good at it 11. 極有可能 there’s a strong chance that 12. 把成績提高到A pull the grade up to an A 13. 恐懼的時候 moments of p

40、anic 14. 基于 be based on 15. 文化熏陶 cultural cues 16. 人不是孤島。 No man is an island 17. 毫無疑問, 不可否認 There’s no denying that… 18. 與…相關聯(lián) be relevant to 19. 不容改變的結(jié)論 hard and fast conclusions 20. 生來就懂

41、 be born knowing 21. 有敢冒風險而為的精神 take a leap of faith 22. 有所選擇地聽別人的話 have a selective hearing Why are we so quick to limit ourselves? I’m not denying that most little girls love dolls and most little boys love videogames, and it may be true that some people favor side of

42、 their brain, and others the left. But how relevant is that to me, or to anyone, as an individual? Instead of translating our differences into hard and fast conclusions about the human brain, why can’t we focus instead on how incredibly flexible we are? Instead of using what we know as a reason why

43、 women can’t learn physics, maybe we should consider the possibility that our brains are more powerful than we imagine. 什么我們這么快就限制了我們自己呢？我不否認大多數(shù)小女孩喜歡娃娃而大多數(shù)小男孩愛玩電子游戲。或許真的一些人偏愛用右半腦，另一些人偏愛用左半腦。但這于我，或任何一個個人來說又有多大關聯(lián)呢？為什么將男人和女人的不同歸結(jié)為不容改變的結(jié)論，說成是與大腦有關，而不能看到我們難以置信的靈活性呢？或許我們應該認為我們的大腦比我們所想象的要更為強大，而不是憑我們僅有的知識

44、去為女人不能學物理提供一個理由。 Here’s a secret: math and science don’t come easily to most people. No one was ever born knowing calculus. A woman can learn anything a man can, but first she needs to know that she can do it, and that takes a leap of faith. It also helps to have selective hearing. 秘

45、密在于：對大多數(shù)人來說，數(shù)學和科學學習并不比其他人來得更容易些。沒有人生來就懂微積分。男人能學會的，女人也能學會。但首先女人需要明白她能做到，而那需要足夠大的勇氣和自信。這也會有助于我們學會有選擇地采納別人的見解。 UNIT 7 1. 排行榜 a hit parade 2. 嚴格地說 strictly speaking 3. 對我們真正至關重要的事 the things that really matter to us 4. 發(fā)表演說 make a speech 5. 為了加強效果 for effect 6. 系統(tǒng)的研究 a systemat

46、ic study 7. 起源于 descend from 8. 提出 come up with 9. 向西漂泊 drift west 10. 留傳給我們 pass on to us 11. 日子過得開心 enjoy oneself 12. 撫養(yǎng)孩子 rear/raise a child 13. 諾曼人征服英國 the Normans conquered England 14. 平民百姓 common people 15. 印刷機 a printing press 16. 大量新思想 a wealth

47、 of new thinking 17. 歐洲文藝復興 the European Renaissance 18. 失控 be out of control 19. 付諸實施 put into practice 20. 個人自由的崇尚者 a respecter of the liberties of each individual 21. 開拓新路 s

48、trike out new path 22. 培育了…的準則 nourish the principles of … 23. 人權(quán) the rights of man 24. 知識精英 an intellectual elite Two centuries ago an English judge in India noticed that several words in Sanskrit closely resembled some words in Greek and Latin. A systematic study revealed that many

49、modern languages descended from a common parent language, lost to us because nothing was written down. 兩個世紀前，在印度當法官的一位英國人注意到，梵文中有一些詞與希臘語、拉丁語中的一些詞極為相似。系統(tǒng)的研究顯示，許多現(xiàn)代語言起源于一個共同的母語，但由于沒有文字記載，該母語已經(jīng)失傳。 Identifying similar words, linguists have come up with what they call an Indo-European parent langua

50、ge, spoken until 3500 to 2000 B.C. These people had common words for snow, bee and wolf but no word for sea. So some scholars assume they lived somewhere in north-central Europe, where it was cold. Traveling east, some established the languages of India and Pakistan, and others drifted west toward t

51、he gentler climates of Europe. Some who made the earliest move westward became known as the Celts, whom Caesars armies found in Britain. 語言學家找出了相似的詞，提出這些語言的源頭是他們稱之為印歐母語的語言，這種語言使用于公元前3500年至公元前2000年。這些人使用同樣的詞表達“雪”、“蜜蜂”和“狼”，但沒有表示“海”的詞。因此有些學者認為，他們生活在寒冷的中北歐某個地區(qū)。一些人向東遷徙形成了印度和巴基斯坦的各種語言，有些人則向西漂泊，來到歐洲氣候較為溫

52、暖的地區(qū)。最早西移的一些人后來被稱作凱爾特人，亦即凱撒的軍隊在不列顛發(fā)現(xiàn)的民族。 New words came with the Germanic tribes -- the Angles, the Saxons, etc. -- that slipped across the North Sea to settle in Britain in the 5th century. Together they formed what we call Anglo-Saxon society. 新的詞匯隨日爾曼部落——盎格魯、薩克遜等部落——而來，他們在5世紀的時候越過北海定居在不列顛。

53、他們共同形成了我們稱之為盎格魯－薩克遜的社會。 The Anglo-Saxons passed on to us their farming vocabulary, including sheep, ox, earth, wood, field and work. They must have also enjoyed themselves because they gave us the word laughter. 盎格魯－薩克遜人將他們的農(nóng)耕詞匯留傳給我們，包括sheep, ox, earth, wood, field 和work等。他們的日子一定過得很開心，因為他們留傳給

54、我們laughter一詞。 UNIT 8 1. 在…的腹地 in the heart of… 2. 與…和諧相處 live in harmony with 3. 富足的農(nóng)場 prosperous farm 4. 默默地穿越 silently cross 5. 在…中 in the mists of 6. 令…人目不暇接 delight sb’s eye 7. 以…

55、為食 feed on 8. 蜂擁而至 pour through 9. 悄悄蔓延 creep over 10. 死亡的陰影 a shadow of death 11. 對…迷惑不解 be puzzled by 12. 莫名其妙突然死去 sudden and unexplained deaths 13. 出奇地安靜 a strange stillness 14. 許許多多 scores of 15. 開花 c

56、ome into bloom 16. 幾處斑痕 a few patches 17. 遭遇災難的世界 the stricken world 18. 經(jīng)歷…的不幸 experience the misfortune 19. 多個 a substantial number of 20. 想像的悲劇 imagined tragedy 21. 嚴酷現(xiàn)實 stark reality 22. 使…鴉雀無聲 silence the voices of There was

57、once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to live in harmony with its surroundings. The town lay in the midst of a checkerboard of prosperous farms, with fields of grain and hillsides of orchards where, in spring, white clouds of bloom drifted above the green fields. In autumn, oak a

58、nd maple and birch set up a blaze of color that flamed and flickered across a backdrop of pines. Then foxes barked in the hills and deer silently crossed the fields, half hidden in the mists of the fall mornings. 從前在美國中心有一個小鎮(zhèn)，那里的萬物看上去都與其四周的環(huán)境融洽相處。小鎮(zhèn)的四周是像棋盤交錯的生意盎然的農(nóng)莊，還有一塊塊的田地和一座座遍布山坡的果園。春天來了，白色的鮮花云彩

59、般地漂浮在田野上；秋天到了，橡樹、楓樹和樺樹色彩斑斕，在一片松樹林間火焰般地燃燒與跳躍。小山上狐貍吠叫，田野間小鹿靜靜地躍過，所有的一切都在秋天清晨的薄霧中半隱半現(xiàn)。 Along the roads, laurel, viburnum and alder, great ferns and wildflowers delighted the travelers eye through much of the year. Even in winter the roadsides were places of beauty, where countless birds came to feed

60、 on the berries and on the seed heads of the dried weeds rising above the snow. The countryside was, in fact, famous for the abundance and variety of its bird life, and when the flood of migrants was pouring through in spring and fall people traveled from great distances to observe them. Others came

61、 to fish the streams, which flowed clear and cold out of the hills and contained shady pools where trout lay. So it had been from the days many years ago when the first settlers raised their houses, sank their wells, and built their barns. 在路的兩旁，一年中許多時候，月桂樹、莢蓮、榿木、蕨類植物和各樣的野花都能讓過往的行人賞心悅目。即使是冬天，路邊的景色依舊是美不勝收，那里無數(shù)的小鳥來覓取漿果莓和露在雪地上的枯枝上的種子。事實上，這鄉(xiāng)村正是由于鳥類的數(shù)量和種類之繁多而出名的。在候鳥群潮涌而來的春秋季節(jié)，人們從大老遠的地方慕名前來欣賞。還有的人來這里的小溪垂釣。清冽的溪水從山中流出，溪水中有許多鱒魚藏身的背陰的水潭。所以，從許多年前開始，第一批居住者就在這里蓋房挖井，搭起了自己的谷倉。