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全國(guó)卷高考語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)辨析之,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與過(guò)去完成時(shí)的區(qū)別 The present perfect tense & The past perfect tense 昂立紅太陽(yáng)Yuki,形式 概念及用法 總結(jié),形式,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) have/has+done I have waited here for an hour. She has waited here for an hour.,過(guò)去完成時(shí) had + done By the end of this term we had learned 1000 English words.,概念,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 1.表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響的動(dòng)作； I have seen the film many times，so I won’t go with you . 2.表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。 He has lived here since 1949.,用法,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),強(qiáng)調(diào)是過(guò)去動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系,也就是強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在的影響和結(jié)果，故常與表示與包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間副詞，如 just,already,before,yet,never,ever等狀語(yǔ)連用 eg.I have never heard of that before. She has already known the news,用法,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),動(dòng)詞使用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,常與for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間連用。如so far, by now, these days, in the last ten years… for+一段時(shí)間 eg. He has lived here for 5 years. since+ （表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間的）時(shí)間點(diǎn) eg. He has been here since 5 years ago.,概念,過(guò)去完成時(shí) 表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻以前已經(jīng)開(kāi)始并一直延續(xù)到這一時(shí)刻或在此刻前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”. By the end of last term we had learned 1000 English words.,1.表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間以前完成的動(dòng)作或事件。是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)在某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)或動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 需要與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，不能離開(kāi)過(guò)去的時(shí)間而獨(dú)立存在。此時(shí)多與already,yet,still,just,before,ever,by,until 等連用 eg. He had read the text before he came to school. I had finished reading the book by 10:00 last night.,2.表示某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過(guò)去某時(shí)之前已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到這一過(guò)去時(shí)間，并可能還將持續(xù)下去。 eg. By the end of last year,he had work in the factory for 10 years.,過(guò)去完成時(shí)通常連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： by by the end of + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn) before eg. He had read the text before he came to school. By the end of last year,he had work in the factory for 10 years. They had planted 100 trees before last Sunday.,,When 引導(dǎo)的從句 主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去完成時(shí)+ By the time 引導(dǎo)的從句 從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去式 Before引導(dǎo)的從句 eg. When I got there, the bus had already gone. Before I met her, I had heard a lot about her. By the time we got to the cinema, the film had been on for five minutes.,,,表示意向的動(dòng)詞如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose 等用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示原本想做但并未完成的動(dòng)作 eg. I had hoped that you would come to my party.,總結(jié),過(guò)去完成時(shí) 過(guò)去完成時(shí)則是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài)，表示的動(dòng)作不僅發(fā)生在過(guò)去，而且是過(guò)去的過(guò)去，只有和過(guò)去某時(shí)或某動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)才用到它,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，側(cè)重于對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)。,B,A,past,練 習(xí),1.I have this nice watch for two years. (A)had (B)bought (C)borrowed (D)lend 2.I ___900 English words by the time I was ten. (A)learned (B)was learning (C)had learned (D)learnt 3. It's said that he________sent to Australia to improve his English.(be) 4. The living standard of the people in Nanjing ________ since 1983. (rise) 5. It _________ (stop) raining when I wake up this morning. 6. I ____________ (not read) the book because I had read it before.,has been,has risen,had stopped,hadn’t read,,Thank you ！,